2011年硕士研究生入学考试2011英语二真题及参考答案

1、2xxl 年硕士研宪生入学考试 2xxl 英语二 真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D onANSWER SHEET 1 (xx pomts)Tlie Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech But tliat veryanonymi

2、ty is also belund the explosion of cyber-crmie that has 1 across the Web.Can prn acy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly_ 3 aLast month. Howard Schmidt, the nation s cer-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make theWeb a safer place-a voluntary trust

3、ed identity system that ould be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, afingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digitalcredential 7 to a specific computer and would autlienticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation

4、 of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, andonly registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. Tlie approachcontrasts with one that would require an Internet driver license _ by thegovernment.Google and Microsoft are among cona

5、mes that already have these single sign-on * systems thatmake it possible for users to xx just once but use many different senices.xx the approach would create a Availed garden n cyberspace, with safe neighborhoods andbright streetlights to establish a sense of a xx community.Nir. Schmidt described

6、it as a * vohmtary ecosystem in which individuals and organizations caiicomplete online transactions with xx ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of themfrastiucnire xx which the transaction runs：Still, the administrations plan has xx prn acy rights activists. Some applaud the a

7、pproach; others areconcerned. It seems clear tliat such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would xx be a compulsoryInternet drives license mentality.Tlie plan has also been greeted with xx by some computer security experts, who worry that thevoluntary ecosystem* em isioned by Nir. Schmidt wo

8、uld still leave much of the Internet xx They arguethat all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must belicensed to dnve on public roads.1.A sweptB skippedC. walkedD ridden2.A. forB.withinC.wluleD. though3.A.carelessB lawlessC.pointlessD.lielpl

9、ess4.A reasonB reminderC.compromiseD proposal5.A informationB mterferenceC. entertainmentD equivalent6.A.byB.mtoC.&oniD o ver7.A.linkedB directedC. chainedD.compared8A dismissB discoverC. createD improve9.A recallB suggestC.selectD realizeXX.A.relcasedB. issuedC. distributedD. deliveredXX.A carr

10、y onB linger onC.set inD log mXX.A in vainBin effectClnretuniD.In contrastXX.A tnistedB modernizedcthrixingD competingXX.A cautionB delightC.confidenceD patienceXX-A onB.afterC.beyondD acrossXX.A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.unitedXX.A &equestlyB mcidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventuallyXX.A sk

11、epticismB releranceC. indifferenceD enthusiasmXX.A manageableB. defendableCiilnerableD lmisible20.A.invitedB. appointedC. allo wedD.forced完形填空参考答案15 ACBDD6xx BACCB xx-xx DBACAxx20 ADACDSection II Reading Comprehension Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each te

12、xt by choosing A. B, C or D Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs s board as an outside director in January 2xx0: a year later shebecame president of Brown Unn ersity For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roleswithout attracting much er

13、oticism. But by the end of 2xx9 Ms. Simmons was under fire for liaxmg sat onGoldmans compensation committee; liow could she have let those enormous bonus payouts passmiremarked? By February the next year Is. Simmons had left the board The position was just taking up toomuch time, she saidOutside dir

14、ectors are supposed to serve as helpfuL yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Havingmade tlieir wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough mdependence to disagreewith the chief executives proposals. If the sky. and the sliare price is falling, outside directors should

15、beable to give advice based on having weathered their ovn crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than xx.xxO firms and moretlian 64,xx0 different directors between xx89 and 2xx4. Tlieii they simply checked which directors stayedfrom one proxy statement to the ne

16、xt. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so tlieresearchers concentrated on those * surprise disappearances by directors imder the age of 70. They fbmitthat after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently hate to restate earmngsincreased by nearly 20%.

17、 The likelihood of bemg named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Altliougli acorrelation beUveen them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does notmean that such di

18、rectors are always junking off a sulking ship. Often they trade up. Leading riskier.smaller firms for larger and more stable firmsBut the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier tmie of avoiding a blow to theirreputations if they lea e a firm before bad news breaks, even if a revie

19、w of history shows they were oil theboard at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors througli toughtimes may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons,once again very popular on campus.21. According to Parag

20、raph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for _ A gainmg excessive profitsB failing to fulfill her dutyC refxismg to make compromisesD leaving the board in tougli times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be _ A generous investorsB uiibiased executivesC share price forecaste

21、rsD independent advisers23. According to the researchers &om Ohio Unrversity after an outside directors surprise departure,the firm is likely to_ .A become more stableB report mcreased earningsC do less well in the stock marketD perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last parag

22、raph that outside directors _ .A niay stay for die attractive offers from the firmB ha e often had records of wrongdoings in the firmC are accustomed to stress-free work iii the firmD vill decline incentives from the firm25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is _ .A permissiv

23、eB positiveC scornfulD criticalTEXTl 参考答案21. A 细节题：原文第 1 段，倒数第 3 行的 how could.?直接提到了 bonus puyouts 就是说profits 22. Ce 细节题：原文中出现 outside directors 有几处，helpful but less biased advisor* 但是 B选项用的是 executive,拼凑答案，D 选项也是一样最后一句 weathered their own ciises 对应 forecasters.23. C.细节题：原文是若干个并列，stock is likely to

24、perform worse 对应答案，迷感选项是 B,但是主语不一致 20%是 probability 不是 earnings24. A.推理题：原文对应 firms who want to. 说想留住 outside director 就是增加 incentive25. Be 态度題：文章各个段落都说 outside diwctOT 的方面因此是 positiveText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper9A year ago the end seemed near Tlie recessionthreatened to remove

25、the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers likethe San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom Americas Federal Trade commissionlaunched a roxrnd of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations?Should the state subs

26、idize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out ofdate.In much of the world tliere is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shnigged off therecession. Even American newspapers, which inliabit the most troubled come of the global industry. havenot only

27、survived but often reUirned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago.but profit all the same.It has not been much hm Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard The AmericanSociety of News Editors reckons that xx,5xx newsroom jobs have gone since 2xx7. R

28、eaders are payuigmore for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refiise delivery to distant suburbs. Yet thesedesperate measures have proved the right ones and. sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed farther.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix

29、 of revenues from readersand advertisers. American papers have long been highly imusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of theirrevenues came from advertising m 2xx8, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation &Development (OECD) In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly,

30、Japanese newspapers are muchmore stable.Tlie whirlwind that swept tlirough newsrooms harmed everybody、but much of the damage has beenconcentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film re*iewers ha e gone. So havescience and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been

31、 savagely cut off. Newspapers are lesscomplete as a result. But completeness is no longer a Airtue in the newspaper busmess.26 By saying Newspapers like . their own doom (Lines 3-4. Para. 1). the author indicates thatnewspaper_.A neglected the sign of crisisB failed to get state subsidiesC vere not

32、charitable corporationsD were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refiised delix*ery to distant suburbs probably because_.A readers threatened to pay lessB newspapers wanted to reduce costsCJjoumalists reported little about tliese areasDsubscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compar

33、ed with their American counterparts. Japanese newspapers are much more stable becausetheyA have more sources of revenueB have more balanced newsroomsC are less dependent on advertisingDJare less affected by readership29 Wliat can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper busine

34、ss?A Distincth eness is an essential feature of newspapers.B Coii4)leteness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.C Foreign bureaus play a cnicial role in the newspaper business D Readers have lost tlieir interest m car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be_ .A Am

35、erican Newspapers: Struggling for SurvivalB American Newspapers: Gone with the WindC American Newspapers: A Thriving BusinessD American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryTEXT 2 参考答案26. D 定义题：根据上下文猜句子的含义，后句 American.save newspaper 中出现了 save说明前面的观点一定是不好的才 save,因此选 D 27. B.推理题：定位处前一句是 readers are pa*ing more

36、 for slimmer newspaper.因此说明人们多付钱，报纸很薄，节约成本，定位处有 even 表示并列，说明前后的原因一致都是成 本问题。28. C.推理題：日本美国原文用了对比的方法说广告占得比例不一样，因此问题咼广告收入来源.29. D.推理题：A 选项中有 essential,文章中是说 distinctiveness M 要而非必要，有问题，D 选项是文章中 cars and film reviewers have gone.说明由于报纸没有吸引力而失去读者。30. A.主旨题：文章分析美国报纸出现的问题，说明要挽救.Text 3We tend to think of th

37、e decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity andgrowth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, gomg off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up atthe niamage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it vas a time of common sense and a belief that less could tnily bemore. During the Dq)ression and the war, Americans had learned to li-e w