中医基础理论关键名词术语

1、中医基础理论关键名词术语（key words） 绪论introduction8中医学traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)中医学理论体系theory system of TCM中医基础理论basic theory of TCM整体观念holism concept五脏一体观holism of five organs形神一体观holism of body and spirit天人一体观holism of human beings and universe医学模式medical pattern辨证syndrome differentiation论治treatment v

2、ariation 疾病disease证候syndrome 症状symptom体征physical sign 辨病disease diagnosing同病异治different treatment for the same disease异病同治the same treatment for the different disease第一章 中医学的哲学基础ancient philosophic basis of TCM精jing (as the world origin in ancient philosophy) 气qi (as the world origin in the ancient

3、philosophy)精气学说theory of jingqi生命life 中介medium气机 qi activity 气化qi transformation感应induction水地说hypothesis of jing originating from water and earth云气说hypothesis of qi originating from cloud and air气一元论monism of qi元气一元论monism of qi阴阳yinyang; yin and yang阴阳学说theory of yinyang阴阳对立inter-opposition between

4、 yin and yang阴阳互根inter-dependence between yin and yang阴阳消长wane and wax between yin and yang阴阳交感inter-induction between yin and yang阴阳互藏inter-containing between yin and yang阴阳转化inter-transformation between yin and yang阴阳自和reestablishment to yin-yang equilibrium阴阳平衡both yin and yang in equilibrium五行fi

5、ve elements五行学说theory of five elements五行相生inter-promotion of five elements五行相克inter-inhibition of five elements五行制化relationship of promotion and restriction of five elements五行相乘inter-invasion of five elements五行相侮reverse restriction in five elements五行胜复resistance of oppressed elements母病及子mother-organ

6、 disorder involving its child-organ子病及母child-organ disorder involving its mother-organ滋水涵木replenishing water to nourish wood培土生金reinforcing earth to generate metal益火补土tonifying fire to supplement earth金水相生mutual generation between metal and water抑木扶土inhibiting wood and strengthening earth培土治水cultiva

7、ting earth to control water佐金平木assisting metal and calming wood泻南补北purging the south (fire) and nourishing the north (water)宏观观察observation on macroscopic level中和golden mean类比analogy第二章 藏象viscera state藏象viscera state 藏象学说doctrine of viscera state脏腑viscera; zangfu organs五脏five zang organs心heart 肺lung

8、 脾spleen 肝liver 肾kidney 六腑six fu organs胆gall bladder 胃stomach小肠small intestine 大肠large intestine三焦tri-jiao; sanjiao 膀胱urinary blader奇恒之腑extraordinary fu organs脑brain 髓marrow骨bone 脉vessel女子胞uterus满而不实full of essence without foodstuff实而不满full of foodstuff without essence心主神明heart controlling mental ac

9、tivities心主血脉heart controlling blood circulation心藏神heart storing spirit肺主气lung governing qi肺主呼吸之气lung governing respiratory qi肺主一身之气lung governing physical qi肺朝百脉convergence of vessels in the lung肺主行水lung governing water metabolism肺主治节lung governing coordinative activities ofviscera肺为华盖lung being the

10、 canopy肺为娇脏lung being the delicate organ肺主宣发肃降lung controlling dispersing outward and inwards气门pore后天之本source of acquired constitution脾主运化spleen governing transportation andtransformation脾气主升spleen governing ascending脾主统血spleen governing blood脾喜燥恶湿spleen preferring dryness to dampness肝主疏泄liver gover

11、ning regulating肝主藏血liver storing blood肝体因而用阳liver of yin nature with yang functioning肝为刚脏liver being the resolute viscera罢极之本source of endurance先天之本congenital foundation肾藏精kidney storing essence肾阴kidney yin 肾阳kidney yang肾精kidney essence 肾气kidney qi天癸tiangui肾主水液kidney governing water肾主纳气kidney receiv

12、ing respiratory qi命门vital gate七冲门seven important portals胆主决断gallbladder governing deciding胃主通降stomach managing downward transportation of food喜润恶燥preferring moisture to dryness受盛化物containing and digesting泌别清浊separating the clear from the turbid上焦如雾upper-jiao resembling mist中焦如沤middle-jiao resembling

13、 fermenter下焦如渎lower-jiao resembling drainage元神之府mentality house脑为髓海brain being the marrow sea心肾相交coordination between heart and kidney水火相济regulation between water and fire肺为气之主lung being the governor of qi肾为气之根kidney being the root of qi肝肾同源liver and kidney sharing the same origin乙癸同源Yi and Gui shar

14、ing the same origin (liver and kidney sharing the sameorigin)精血同源essence and blood sharing the same origin藏泄互用interdependence between storing anddischarging纳运相得inter-promotion between containing and digestion升降相因interdependence between ascending and descending燥湿相济interdependence between drying andmo

15、istening胃润喜恶燥stomach preferring moisture to dryness第三章 精气血津液神essence, qi, blood, body fluid and spirit气qi 元气primordial qi元阴primordial yin 元阳primordial yang气机qi activity 气化qi transformation气海qi sea 卫气defensive qi宗气thoracic qi 营气nutrient qi原气primordial qi气能生血qi promoting blood production气为血之帅qi being

16、the governor of blood气主升之qi promoting气能生津qi promoting body fluid production气能行血qi promoting blood circulation血为气之母blood being the mother of qi血主濡之blood nourishing气能行津qi promoting body fluid circulation气能摄血qi governing blood津能载气body fluid conveying qi血能载气blood conveying qi气能摄津qi governing body fluid津

17、停气滞body fluid retention causing qi stagnation血blood 精essence 神spirit精能化气essence transforming into qi先天之精congenital essence后天之精acquired essence水谷之精foodstuff essence气能生精qi promoting essence production津血同源body fluid and blood sharing the same source血汗同源blood and sweat sharing the same source膻中danzhong虚

18、里heart apex津液body fluid第四章 经络meridians and collaterals经络meridians and collaterals经络学说theory of meridian and collateral; meridian doctrine经气meridian qi 经脉meridian; channel络脉collateral十二经脉twelve meridians十二正经twelve regular channels手太阴肺经lung channel of hand taiyin(L)手阳明大肠经large intestine channel of han

19、d yangming(LI)足阳明胃经stomach channel of foot yangming(St)足太阴脾经spleen channel of foot tayin(Sp)手少阴心经heart channel of hand shaoyin(H)手太阳小肠经small intestine channel of hand taiyang(SI)足太阳膀胱经urinary bladder channel of foot taiyang(U足少阴肾经kidney channel of foot shaoyin(K)手厥阴心包经pericardium channel of hand jue

20、yin(P)手少阳三焦经tri-jiao channel of hand shaoyang(TJ)足少阳胆经gall bladder channel of foot shaoyang(G足厥阴肝经liver channel of foot jueyin(Liv)奇经八脉eight extra channels督脉governor vessel; Du meridian任脉conception vessel; Ren meridian冲脉flush vessel; Chong meridian带脉belt vessel; Dai meridian阴跷脉yinqiao meridian阳跷脉yan

21、gqiao meridian阴维脉yinwei meridian阳维脉yangwei meridian十二经别twelve divergent channels十五别络fifteen large collaterals孙络minute collateral浮络superficial collateral十二经筋twelve meridian musculatures十二皮部twelve coetaneous areas阳脉之海sea of yang meridian (governor vessel)阴脉之海sea of yin meridian (conception vessel)任主胞胎

22、conception vessel governing uterus and gestation十二经脉之海sea of the twelve meridians (flush vessel)血海blood sea (flush vessel)第五章 体质body constitution体质body constitution 形神合一harmonizatio 体格physique 体型body type人格personality 气质temperament性格character 素质heredity理想体质ideal body constitutions病势disease tendency质

23、化（从化）property transformation第六章 病因pathogeny病因pathogeny 病因学说etiology辨症求因pathogeny differentiation from symptoms and signs六淫six exopathogens 六气six climates六邪six exopathogens伤寒exogenous febrile disease 中寒cold stroke风性轻扬wind tending to drift善行数变migrant and variable风性主动wind tending to migrate百病之长guide of

24、 various disease寒性凝滞cold tending to coagulate and stagnate寒性收引cold tending to contract寒则气收cold retarding qi circulation暑性升散summer heat tending to ascend and disperse炅则气泄heat causing qi exhaustion暑多夹湿summer heat usually accompanied with dampness湿性重浊dampness being heavy and turbid湿性黏滞dampneee being vi

25、scous and lingering湿性趋下sampness tending to descend燥性干涩dryness tending to desiccate火性趋上fire tending to flare up火易生风动血fire causing wind and bleeding疠气epidemic pathogens 瘟疫pestilence七情seven emotions七情内伤inernal injuries caused by seven emotions怒则气上rage causing qi to flow upwards喜则气缓joy causing qi slack悲

26、则气消grief causing qi depression思则气结contemplation causing qi stagnation惊则气乱terror causing qi disorder恐则气下fear causing qi collapse饮食不节improper diet 饮食不洁dirty diet饮食偏嗜diet preference形劳physical overstrain劳则气耗overstrain causing qi exhausetion心劳heart overstrain 神劳psychological ovrestrain肾劳kidney overstrain

27、 房劳sexual overstrain有形之痰visible phlegm无形之痰invisible phlegm瘀血blood stasis 结石calculus药邪medicine abuse 医过therapist fault胎弱congenital deficiency 胎毒fetus toxin第七章 发病invasion正气healthy qi邪气pathogenic factors遗传病genetic disease感邪即发acute onset after affected徐发chronic onset伏而后发latent onset继发secondary onset合病si

28、multaneous onset并病following onset复病recurrence后遗症sequela重感致复re-affected causing recurrence食复diet recurrence劳复overstrain recurrence药复medicine recurrence情志致复emotion recurrence第八章 病机pathogenesis病机pathogenesis 病机学pathology病机层次pathological level基本病机basic pathogenesis实sthenia 实证sthenic syndrome虚asthenia 虚证

29、asthenia syndrome虚实错杂mixture of asthenia and sthenia虚中夹实asthenia with sthenia实中夹虚sthenia with asthenia虚实转化inter-transformation between asthenia and sthenia由实转虚sthenia transforming into asthenia因虚致实sthenia symptoms caused by asthenia虚实真假pseudo or true manifestation of asthenia and sthenia真实假虚sthenia

30、with pseudo asthenia大实有羸状excessive sthenia manifesting as excessive asthenia真虚假实asthenia with pseudo sthenia至虚有盛候excessive asthenia manifesting as excessive sthenia正胜邪退healthy qi expelling pathogen邪去正虚pathogen retreating with asthenia healthy qi邪盛正衰prosperous pathogen with asthenia healthy qi邪正相持str

31、uggle between healthy qi and pathogen正虚邪恋asthenic healthy qi with pathogen lingering阴阳失调imbalance between yin and yang阴阳偏盛excess of yin or yang阳偏盛yang excess 阳盛yang excess阴偏盛yin excess 阴盛yin excess阴阳偏衰deficiency of yin or yang阳偏衰yang deficiency 阳虚yang deficiency阴偏衰yin deficiency 阴虚yin deficiency阴阳互损

32、inter-impairment between yin and yang阴损及阳yin impairment involving yang阳损及阴yang impairment involving yin阴阳格拒repellence between yin and yang阴盛格阳predominant yin rejecting yang格阳rejecting yang阳盛格阴predominant yang rejecting yin格阴rejecting yin阴阳亡失exhaustion of yin or yang亡阴yin exhaustion 亡阳yang exhaustion

33、精虚essence asthenia 精瘀essence stasis气虚qi asthenia气机失调disorder of qi activity气滞qi stagnation 气逆qi adverseness气陷qi collapse上气不足qi failing to transport upward中气下陷qi failing to lift气闭qi blockage 气脱qi exhaustion血虚blood asthenia 血瘀blood stasis出血haemorrhage 血寒blood cold血热blood heat精气两虚asthenia of essence an

34、d qi精血不足asthenia of essence and blood气滞精瘀qi stagnation and essence stasis血瘀精阻blood stasis and essence obstruction气滞血瘀qi stagnation and blood stasis气虚血瘀qi asthenia causing blood stasis气不摄血qi failing to control blood气随血脱qi exhaustion resulting from hemorrhage气血两虚asthenia of qi and blood津液不足body fluid

35、asthenia伤津body fluid impairment脱液body fluid exhausetion津液输布障碍dysfunction of body fluid distribution津液排泄障碍dysfuncion of body fluid excretion水停气阻water retention causing qi stagnation气随津脱qi exhaustion resulting from body fluid loss津枯血燥body fluid depletion causing blood stasis津亏血瘀body fluid depletion ca

36、using blood stasis血瘀水停blood stasis causing water retention内风endogenous wind风气内动disturbance of endogenous wind肝风liver wind肝阳化风liver yang causing wind热极生风extreme heat causing wind阴虚风动yin asthenia causing wind血虚生风blood asthenia causing wind寒从中生cold originating from interior内寒endogenous cold湿浊内生dampness

37、 originating from interior内湿endogenous dampness津伤化燥body fluid impairment causing dryness内燥endogenous dryness火热内生heat or fire originatin from interior内热endogenous heat 内火endogenous fire少火junior fire 壮火excessive fire阳亢化火excessive yang causing fire气有余便是火excessive qi causing fire邪郁化火pathogen accumulation causing fire五志化火five emotions causing fire阴虚火旺yin asthenia causing fire疾病传变pathogenesis transmission病位传变focus transmission表里传变transmission between interior and exterior表