全国高等教育自学考试大学英语二复习资料

1、Text B Worlds within WorldsNew Words1 .planet n.行星2 .revolve vi.旋转；绕转3 .solar a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的4 .largely ad.1.大量地；2.主要地5 .glitter vi.闪闪发光,闪烁n.闪光6 .cloudless a.无云的,晴朗的7 .unlikely a.未必可能的；靠不住的8 .astronaut n.宇航员9 .thrilling a.1.令人激动的；2.颤动的，震颤的10 .outer a.外部的11.whereas conj.而，去心 反之12.1 esser a.较小的,更少的，次

2、要的13 .concerned a.1.有关的；2.关切的，担心的14 .microscopic a.1.显微镜的；2.微观的；3.微小的，细微的15 .whilst conj.1.当时；2.然而；3.虽然，尽管16 .plateau (复plateaus 或 plateaux) n.高原17 .tropical a.1.热带的；2.炎热的18 .coloured a.有色的19 .religion n.宗教；宗教信仰20 .circumstance n.pl.情况,环境；境遇Phrases and Expressions1 .a great many 很多2 .above all首先，首要3

3、 .as a rule通常；一般说来together with 和First of all let us consider the earth (that is to say, the world) as a planet revolving round the sun.The earth is one of nine planets which move in orbit round the sun.These nine planets, together with the sun, make up what is called our solar systems.How this wond

4、erful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy is largely a mystery but astronomers tell us that it is only one of millions of similar systems in space, and one of the smallest.The stars which we see glittering in the sky on a dark and cloudless night are almost certainly

5、 the suns of other solar systems more of less like our own, but they are so far away in space that it is unlikely that we shall ever get to know very much about them.About our own solar system, however, we are learning more every day.Before the American and Russian astronauts made their thrilling jo

6、urneys into outer space it was difficult for us to realize what our earth looked like from hundreds of thousands of miles away, but the photographs which the astronauts were able to take show us the earth in space looking not very different from what the moon looks like when we look at it from the e

7、arth.The earth is, however, very different from the moon, which the American astronauts have found to be without life or vegetation, whereas our earth is very much alive in every respect.The moon, by the way, is called a satellite because it goes round our earth as well as round the sun.In our words

8、, it goes round the sun with our earth.The surface of our earth is covered by masses of land and larger areas of water.Let us consider the water areas first.The total water area is about three times as large as the land area.The very large separate areas of water are called "oceans" and th

9、e lesser areas are called "seas."In most of the oceans and seas some of the water is found to be flowing in a particular directionthat is to say, fromone part towards another part of the ocean or sea concerned.The water which is flowing in this manner is said to be moving as a "curren

10、t." There are many thousands of currents in the waters of the oceans and seas, but only certain of the stronger and better marked currents are specially named and of great importance.There currents are important because they affect the climate of the land areas close to where they flow and also

11、 because they carry large quantities of microscopic animal and vegetable life which forms a large part of the food for fishes.The nature and characteristics of the surface of the land areas of the earth vary a great deal from area to area and from place to place.The surface of some areas consists la

12、rgely of high mountains and deep valleys whilst, in other areas, most of the surface consists of plains.If one made a journey over the Continents one world find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, plateaux, deserts, tropical forestlands and empty areas covered permanently by ice

13、 and snow.When thinking and learning about the world we should not forget that our world is the home of a vary great many different people peoples with different coloured skins,rl(vvery different lives and having very different ideas about a great many important things such as religion, government,

14、education and social behaviour.The circumstances under which different people live make a great difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of ot

15、her lands.Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the kind of lives they have to live.It is true to say that the more we learn about other people , the better we understand their ideas and, as a

16、rule, the better we like those people themselves.词汇讲解：l.revolve v.旋转，绕转The earth revolves round / around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。4 .solar adj.太阳的，日光的，利用太阳光的 例：the solar system太阳系3 .whereas : conj.而，去心 反之He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.他一定有 60 岁了，而他的妻子看起来只有30 岁。You eat a massive p

17、late of food for lunch, whereas I have just a sandwich.你中午吃了一大盘食物，而我只吃了个三明治。4 .concerned :有关的，关心的，担心的I was quite a shock for all concerned.这对所有有关人士者B是个震惊。Her job is something concerned with English. 她的工作和英语有关。5 .tropical adj.热带的，炎热的I'd love to live somewhere with a tropical climate.我想生活在某个属于热带气候

18、的地方August was almost tropical this year.今年八月 十分炎热6 .circumstance n.环境，情况,境遇We can't decide until we know all the circumstances.我们只有在了解所有的情况后才能作出决定。词组1 .a great many , a good many彳艮多 （后边力口可数名词）2 .above all :最重要的，尤其；首先Above all , don't forget to write.最重要的是别忘了写信。In choosing the curtain for a r

19、oom, you should consider the material from the point of view of texture, its weight, its pattern - but its colour above all .在挑选房间窗帘面料时，你应该考虑质地、重量和图案等，但最重要的是颜色。3 .as a rule :在多数情况下，通常，一般而言=usuallyAs a rule I'm home by six.我通常六点前在家。As a rule, I only read detective novels.通常我只读侦探小说。4 .together wit

20、h :和，连同These new facts, together with the other evidence, prove the prisoner's innocence. 这些新的事实连同其他证据证明这 个犯人清白无辜。John, together with his brother, has gone to the party.约翰连同他的兄弟一起去参加宴会了。注意together with作插入语时，句子的谓语动词的数取决于前面的主语。重点句子：1 .The stars which we see glittering in the sky on a dark and clou

21、dless night are almost certainly the suns of other solar systems more or less like our own, but they are so far away in space that it is unlikely that we shall ever get to know very much about them.which引导定语从句so that 结果状语从句中it为形式主语2 .The earth is, however, very different from the moon, which the Ame

22、rican astronauts have found to be without life or vegetation, whereas our earth is very much alive in every respect.which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰the moonvegetation 植物whereas = while 然而alive意为"有活力的"，在句中作表语。类似的形容词还有afraid, alone, alike, asleep, awake, aware等in every respect 在每一个方面一 that is to say,3.1 n

23、 most of the oceans and seas some of the water is found to be flowing in a particular direction from one part towards another part of the ocean or sea concerned.to be flowing不定式作主语补语concerned 是分词作定语，修饰 the ocean or sea4.There are many thousands of currents in the waters of the oceans and seas ,but o

24、nly certain of the stronger and better marked currents are specially named and of great importance.Thousands/hundreds of + 名词复数Eg.Hundreds of meters此处waters指的是"大片的水，水域"peoples表示人种woods表示森林，树木5 .The circumstances under which different people live make a great difference between the way in w

25、hich they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands.三个定语从句，由 under which和 两个in which 引导，第一个： under which different people live 修饰 circumstances第二个：in which they live 修饰

26、the way第三个：in which we live 修饰 the wayought to = should 应该business责任，业务it 是形式主语， 真正主语是 to try to understand those different circumstances目的状语从句，由so that弓I导other lands其它国家6 .Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great de

27、al about them and the kind of lives they have to live.注意动词avoid后接动名词作宾语decide判定what引导宾语从句作 deciding的宾语they have to live 是省略连词的定语从句，修饰 lives7.It is true to say that the more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves.注意

28、 the more , the better , the better比较结构Unit 2补充语法知识that与 which引导定语从句的异同点：that不可引导非限制性定语从句which可引导非限制性定语从句that不可用作介词宾语which可用作介词宾语介词+ whichin that "在于"，是复合连词，非介词宾语that可以用于指代人或物which不可以用于指代人that而不能用which引导定语从句当先行词是不定代词、序数词、形容词最高级所修饰的词时，只能用比如 everything, anything, first, second 等Unit 2练习：1 .词

29、汇英译汉：escape, explode, collapse, shrink, gravity, measurement, basis, launch, convincing, companion, speculation, swallow, operate, to make use of, a great many, above all2 .句子英译汉：1) Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which no

30、thing can escape.2) The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3) Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4) If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5) It is only rec

31、ently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.6) On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.7) There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars a

32、t a very rapid rate.8) They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.3句子汉译英黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is.据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。It is said tha

33、t black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them, such as stars .对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷。The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless.科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole.It is still impossible for scie

34、ntists to tell what happens inside a black hole.如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。If we understood black holes, they would not be so fearful .Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them.历年考题:1 .Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space which matter has fallen andwhich n

35、othing can escape.A.towards towards B.into from C.out of from D.through from答案是B.考点：定语从句中介词 +which的结构；fall into 掉进去；escape from从 逃离。2 .汉译英：要说出黑洞里面发生了什么是不可能的。（不定式作主语）答案：It is impossible to say what happens inside the black hole.3 .汉译英：只是在最近天文学家才开始对黑洞进行具体研究。（强调句型）答案：It is only recently that astronomer

36、s have begun specific research into black holes.4 .汉译英：有些星辰的密度达到某一点就会爆炸。答案： Some stars explode when their density increases to a certain point .Unit 2单元课后练习I .Word Spelling1 .密度n.d2 .（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃 v.c3 .边界线，边界 n.b4 .永恒的，经久不变的 a.c5 .基础，根据 n.b6 .发射，发动 v.l7 .双胞胎之一 a.t8 .同伴，同事 n.c9 .人类n.m10 .推测,猜测 n.s11 .

37、吞 v.s12 .不充分的 a.i13 .物质n.m14 .情况，环境 a.c15 .发生，出现 v.o16 .强烈的a.i17 .证据n.e18 .看不见的a.i19 .宇航员n.a20 .热带的a.t n .Word Form 1.Supernovae（report） by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.1 .Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still（have） the same mass, and you have some i

38、dea of theforce of a black hole.2 .If one(make) a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.4 .And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual exploding stars(believe)

39、 to be black holes.5 .Matter from the one which we can see(pull) towards the companion star.6 .There might be a massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy(swallow) up stars at a very rapid rate.7 .The most(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.8 .They sho

40、w us a world which operates in a(total) different way from our own.9 .The surface of some areas(consist) largely of high mountains and deep valleys.10 .Our world is the home of a very great many different people-peoples with different(colour) skins.in .Vocabulary and Structure1 .Astronomers and scie

41、ntists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)which matter has fallen and which nothing can escape-not even light.A into intoB into fromC from intoD from from2 .This process of shrinking may be so intense a black hole results.A whetherB whatC whichD that3.Binary stars,their name s

42、uggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.A asB thatC whatD if4.In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a 'partner' to which wecan see in the sky.A the oneB thatC the onesD those5.On the other hand, scientists have su

43、ggested that very advanced technology could one day the energy of blackholes for mankind.A make fun ofB make sure ofC make use ofD make sense of6 .Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as.A companiesB comparisonsC compoundsD companions7 .The earth is one of nine planets which move in round the sun.A trackB orbitC tour