初中语法动词的分类

1、WORD格式可编辑中阶语法Lessonl动词的分类专业知识分享Louise1、什么是动词?2、（1） /实义动词f及物动词（vt.）后接宾语（行为动词）I不及物动词（vi.）(2)be/become/get/look/seem/turn/sound/smell/taste/feel/keep助动词be +doing/+done动词的分类Have(has/had) +done/+been doing do(does/did) will/ shall/ would/ should(4)情态动词 may/ might/ can/ could/ must/ should/ will/ would一、动

2、词是用来表示主语做什么（即行为动词） ，或表示主语是什么或怎么样（即状态 动词）的词。二、动词的分类（一）行为动词 Notional Verb行为动词（实义动词）是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语。I live in Beijing with my mother.（我和我妈妈住在北京。）live ,住It has a round face.（它有张圆脸。）has,有1、及物动词 Transitive Verb后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整，例如:Give me some ink, please.（请给我一些墨水。）If you have any questions, you

3、can raise your hands.（如果你们有问题，你们可以举手，。）2、不及物动词Intransitive Verb后面不能跟宾语，意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词，构成短语动词，相当于一个及物动词。例如:He works hard.（他工作努力。）Jack runs faster than Mike.（杰克跑步比迈克要快些。）Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.（请看黑板，听我说。 ）（二）连系动词Link Verb连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，它虽有词义，但不完整，所以不能 单独作谓语，必须跟表

4、语一起构成合成谓语。1、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is ,am are, was, were, have/has been 等要特别予以注意。例如：He is a teacher.（他是个教师。）2、表示 “感觉” 的词.如 100k （看起来）.feel （觉得. 摸起来）.smell （闻起来）.sound （听起来），taste （尝起来）等，例如：She looked tired.（她看一去很疲劳。）Cotton feels soft.（棉花摸起来很软。）The story sounds interesting.（这个故事听起来很有趣。）T

5、he flowers smell sweet.（这些花闻起来很香。）The mixture tasted horrible.（这药水太难喝了。）3、表示"变"、“变成”的意思的词，如 become, get, grow, turn,都解释为"变"、"变 得"，例如:She became a college student.（她成了一名大学生。）The weather gets warmer and the days get longer when spring comes.（春天来了，天气变得暖和些了，白天也变得较长些了。）He gr

6、ew old.（他老了。）（三）助动词 Auxiliary Verb这类词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、 语态、表示句子的否定和疑问， 例如:He does not speak English well.（他英语讲得不好。）句中的does是助动词，既表示一般现在时，又与 not 一起构成否定形式。A dog is running after a cat.（一条狗正在追逐一只猫。）句中的is 是助动词，和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。（四）情态动词Modal Verb这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可 能

7、"、"应当" 等。这类动词有 can, may, must, need, dare, could, might 等。它们 不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）一起作谓语，表示完整的意思 ，例如：I can dance.（我会跳舞。）can, 能， 会He can' t walk because he is a baby.（因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。）can' t, 不必May I come in ?（我可以进来吗？） may, 可以（1） can, could 和 be able to1、表示能力，例如：I can speak a little

8、Japanese.Be able to 代替 can, 也可以表示能力。但 can 只有一般现在时和一般过去时（could）, 而 be able to 则有更多的时态形式，You will be able to talk with the foreign teacher in English next week.2、表示 允许，准许，这时 can与 may可以互换，例如：Can/May I brother your bike tomorrow?3、表示客观可能性，用在否定句和疑问句中表示说话人的 怀疑、猜测或不肯定。例如： He cannot/can ' t be there.4、c

9、ould 除表示 can的过去式外，在口语中还常代替 can, 表示非常委婉的请求。这时 could和can没有时间上的差别。例如:Could/Can you show me the way to the nearest hospital?（2） may和 might1、表示“准许”和“许可”，这时可与can替换。例如：May （can） I use your dictionary for a moment?（我可以借你的字典用一下吗？）2、表示说话人的 猜测,认为某事“可能”发生.例如:Where' s John? He may be at the library.（约翰在哪儿？他可

10、能在图书馆。）以上例子中的 may be是情态动词 may加be, 与maybe完全不同。后者是副词，解释为 “或许”。例如：He may be at home.（他可能在家。）Maybe he was at home.（或许他在家。）3、might 除表示 may的过去式外，在口语中还常代替 may, 表示非常委婉的请示或实 现的可能性较小。这时 might和 may没有时间上的差异。例如：Might （May） I speak to you for a few minutes?（我现在可以与你谈几分钟话吗？）4、用于从句中表示目的，意为“以便能”、"使可以”，例如:Open yo

11、ur mouth wide, so that I may see clearly what' s wrong with your teeth.（把嘴张大些，以便我能看清楚你的牙齿有什么毛病。）He wrote down my address so that he might remember it well.（他把我的住址写了下来，以便能记牢。）5、在用 may提问时，否定回答常用 mustn' t 或 may not表示 "不行"、"不可以"。 例如：May I go now? No, you mustn ' t.（我可以走了吗

12、？不，不可以。）（3） must1、must表示说话人的主观意志，表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过 去式同形。例如:I must go to school today.（今天我必须上学去。 ）He told me I mustn ' t leave until my mother came.（他告诉我，在我母亲回来之前我不许离开。）2、must表示推测，“一定是”、“准是”，例如:They must be very tired. Let them have a rest.（他们一定是非常疲劳了，让他们休息一会儿吧。）Jack doesn ' t look well

13、. Hemust be ill.（杰克看上去气色不太好。他一定是病了。）难点解释1、have to表示“必须”、“不得不”，它不仅能代替 must,用于现在时和过去时以外 的其他时态，表示说话人的主观看法，而且又表示客观上的需要。例如：If we miss the last bus, we shall have to walk home.（如果我们末班车，我们将不得不走回家。）2、在回答 must的疑问句时，否定回答常用 needn' t 表示"不必”，例如：Must I return this book to you in two weeks?（这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗

14、？）Yes, you must. （是的。）No, you needn ' t.（不，不必了。）（4） need 和 dareneed （需要）和 dare （敢于）既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。1、need和 dare 作情态动词时，只用于否定句或疑问句 。need无形态变化，dare 的过 去式是 dared。例如：It ' s warm today. You needn ' t put on your coat.（今天天气彳艮暖和，你不必穿上大衣。）She dare not go out alone at night.（她晚上不敢一个人出去。）2、need和 d

15、are 作及物动词 时.后常跟动词不定式。它们有人称、数和时态等形态变化。在构成否定和疑问形式时与其他及物动词一样，要用助动词 do, does或 did 等。例如：He didn ' t need to go to school today.（今天你不必上学。They needed an excuse and soon found one.（他们需要借口，不久便找至U了一个。）（5） ought to 和 shouldought to 和 should 作情态动词用，者B是 "应该“、"应当” 的意思。ought to语气较强，指客观上有责任、有义务去做某事，或按

16、观念和道理也应对某事负责。Should 指主观 上认为有责任和义务去做，但语意不如 ought to 强。例如：You ought to respect your teachers.（你们应该尊敬你们的老师。）We should be careful of others ' feelings.（我们应该尊重别人的感情。）（一）实义动词：1. His grandmotherin 1985. She has been for ten years.A. died , died B . dead, dead C . dying,death D . died , dead2. 一 How lon

17、g you the bicycle?About two weeks .A. have, had B . have, bought C . did buy D . have, get3. Because of 2008 Beijing Olympics , all of Chinese trying to makegreat contributions toour environment .A.protect B . protected C . protects D.protecting4. Thousands of people took our part in theundevelopedl

18、and.A.opening out B . opening up C . open upD . openwith5. Your spoken English is much better .Thankyou . My teacher often asks usEnglish .A. to speak many B . not to speak much C . to speak much D . not to speak more6. Mr. Zhang often teaches his Japanese friends Chinese food.A. cook B . cooks C .

19、cooked D . to cook7. The supermarket is far from Mary' s house. So she only once a week.A. goes shoppingB. has been thereC. has gone there8. Here the bus! A. come B. comes C. coming9. Mary is often at home on weekends and time with her grandparents.A. spend B. takes C. spends10. My father told m

20、e that the earth round when I was a child.A. is B. was C. be11. When she was 22 years old, her dream to be a teacher.A. come true B. will come true C. came true12. -Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, ? - No, she got up too late. A. did she B. hadn ' t she C. didn ' t she13. I to t

21、he park when I was a child.A. often go B. used to go C. am used to going14. If I three heads and six hands, I would carry the huge rock by myself.A. have B. will have C. had15. I was watching TV when a strange man into my house.A. was coming B. came C. is coming 16-When you her the good news?-As soo

22、n as she comes back.A. do, tell B. did, bring C. will, tell17 .Mike always my books and doesn ' t return them. What should I do?A. keeps B. lends C. borrows18 . Oh, look! It ' s Jack ' s math book, isn ' t it? But he has a math test today?-Don' t worry, mum. I will it to him.A. b

23、ring B. take C. borrow19.I asked my brother to his room. It ' s real mess.A. put up B. stay up C. clean up20.-My shoes are worn out. -A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?（二）连系动词：1. My brothera teacher. Hehis pupils> very

24、much.A. is, likeB.is, likeslikeC.are, likesD.are2. A: How many daysthere in a week?B: Thereseven.A. is, isB.are, areis 3. Itired last night.A. becameB. feltC. lookedC.D. amis, areD.are4. Her facepale（苍白）when she heard the bad news.A. gotB. isC. turnedD.was5. Youpale. What's wrong with you?A. tur

25、nB. seemC. lookD. become6. The boyill today.A. areB. isC. beD. am7. Whichbigger, the sun or the moon?A. areB.is8. Neither she nor Ia doctor.A. am notB. amC. are9. Ia worker next year.C. beD. isD. xA. amB.will be10. Her voicelike my mother's.A. soundsB.soundC. looksC.D. LookbeD.will（三）助动词：1.If it

26、 is fine tomorrow, we a football match.A. have B. will have C. has D. shall has2.When he was at school, he early and take a walk before breakfast.A. will rise B. shall rise C. should rise D. would rise3.In the past 30 years China great advances in the socialist revolutionand socialist construction.A

27、. has made B. have made C. had made D. having made1.1 go to bed until I finished my work.A. don ' t/had B. didn ' t/have C. didn ' t/had D. don ' t/have5 .He live in the country than in the city.A. prefers B. likes to C. had better D. would rather6 .He said that he dropped his bag wh

28、en he for the bus.A. was running B. was running C. were running D. is running7.If they, our plan will fall flat.A. are co-operating B. had not co-operated C. won't co-operate D. don't co-operate8. you give me a room for the night? II I asked on arriving at the hotel.A. Should B. Can C. Might

29、 D. May9. There are nine of them, so get into the car at the same time.A. they may not at all B. all they may not C. they can' t all D. all they can' t10. We didn' t see him at the lecture yesterday.II He it. IIA. mustn ' t attend B . can not have attendedC. would have not attended D

30、. needn ' t have attended（四）情态动词：1. I you, because I thought I must be wrong.A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask2. There some flowers in the garden.A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having3. "I take it out?" "I'm

31、sorry, you."A. Could .couldn't B. Might.might not C. Could.can D. May.can't4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You hurt yourself.A. may B. might C. will D. might have5. You those letters. Why didn't you ?A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post.6.

32、All the lights are on, the Smiths up.A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get7. He lead a horse to the water but he not make it drink.A. will.can B. may.can C. may.dares D. dare.can8. "Need we do this job now?" "Yes,."A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can9. to have lunch with us today?A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you likes D. Have you liked10. He said that you watch TV all the evening if you wished.A. may B