Conversion转换

1、Conversion 转换Warm-up Compare the following translations:1. The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries.至I际粮食的缺乏对科威特和其他不毛的沙漠国家产生了一种直接的影响.徵球性食品短缺现象直接影响了科威特等贫瘠的沙漠国家.Warm-up2. Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill, Einstein and Gandhi.

2、7这些照片显示他和邱吉尔、爱因斯坦、甘地这些人的交往.?£这些照片中我们可以看到他和邱吉尔、爱因斯坦、甘地这些人的交往.ContentsConversation in Part of Speech?司性的转换Conversation in Sentence Components狗子成分的转换Conversation in Sentence Pattern葡式的转换Conversation in Voices“态的转换词性的转换在译过程中,如果绝对地根据原语的词性进行译,有时译文会显得晦涩或不符合译语的表达习惯.这时,我们可 以对原语的词性进行转换译.英译汉中常见的词性转换有以下几个方

3、面：1 .转译成动词2 .转译成名词3 .转译成形容词4 .转译成副词1.转译成动词A.英语中具有动作意义的名词,汉译时往往可转化为动词.They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工,要求工资方而40%An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of translation.逶1点世界史对学习译是有帮助的.A view of Mt. E-mei can be obtained from here.从画而以看到峨眉山.Difference

4、 between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation.国与国之间社会制度的不同不应阻碍幽的接近与合作.The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚.Your job here is looking after the 01d.你在这里的工作是照顾老人.B.英语中加后缀-er , -or的名词,在句中并不表身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意义.He is n

5、o smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.他倒不抽烟,但他的爸爸却一支接一支地抽是个老烟枪C.介词转译成动词The road to development is long but we are firmly on it. _开展的道路虽然漫长,可我们已坚决地走了上这条路.He is walking in the park with an umbrella in his hand.他在公园散步,手里拿着二把伞.一It is our goal that the people in the undeveloped areas will be finally

6、 off poverty.我们的目标是使不兴旺地区的人民最终摆脱贫血一The company has advertised in the newspaper for electronic experts.公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家.D.副词转译成动词She opened the window and let fresh air in. _她翻开窗子让新鲜空气进去As he ran out, he forgot to have his shows on._他跑出去时忘记穿堂子了.一Let' s have an evening out at the theatre.我们到剧必1肖磨

7、一个晚上吧一E.形容词转译成动词Integrity means you do what you do because it ' s right and not justfashionable or politically correct. 老实意味着去做你认为对的事,而不仅仅是为了赶时髦或在政治上不出错.Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命.一Is Mr. Smith familiar with the performance of the laborator

8、y equipment?史密斯先生熟悉实验室设备的性能吗?Success is dependent on his effort.成功与否取决于他的努力.2 .转译成名词3 .转译成形容词Whentables and other materials are included , they should be conveniently placed , so that a student can consult them without turning over too many pages.当书中列有表格或其他参考资料时,应当将这些内容编排在适当的位置,以便使学生在查阅时,不必翻太多的书页.Th

9、e engineer had prepared meticulously for his design.工程师为这次设计做了十分周密的准备.His address impressed me deeply.他的讲话给我留下很深的印象.The English language has changed subtly and pervasively.英语的变化很敏感,很普遍.Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers.绝大局部青少年在学习和操作电脑方面并不觉得困难.The instrument has be

10、en welcomed by users because of its stability in serviceability, reliability inoperation and simplicity in maintenance.该仪器性能稳定,操作可靠,维护简便,因而受到用户的欢送.4 .转译成副词?Adjectives Adverbs由于英语中带有动作意味的名词汉译为动词,因而原文修饰名词的形容词也相应地汉译为副词,以便修饰动词.The wide application of electronic machines in scientific work, in designing

11、and in economic calculations will free man from the labor of complicated computations.在科学研究、设计和经济计算方面广泛地应用电子计算机可以使人们从繁重的计算劳动中解放出来.He is the right man I am looking for.他正是我要找的元一The witness was so frightened that he can ' t give a clear description of the robber.目击者吓坏了,没法清楚地描述出强盗的长相.B.NounsAdverbs

12、The man nodded with satisfaction.那人满意地点了点头.He had the honor to attend the congress.他荣幸地出席了代表大会.句子成分的转换 译过程中,为了符合汉语的表达习惯,往往需要对句子成分进行转换：?1.非主语译成主语0.非谓语译成谓语?3非宾语译成宾语2.非状语译成状语1 .非主语译成主语Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.电视和无线电的不同点在于电视睡发图像.表语译成主语Matter is usually el

13、ectrically neutral, that is, it has as many protons, as electrons.物质通常是不带电的,就是说,它的质子和电子数量是相等的.宾语译成主语2 .非谓语译成谓语There is a need for improvement in your study habits.你的学习习惯需要改良.主语译成谓语Success is dependent on his effort.成功与否而R他的努力.一表语译成谓语3 .非宾语译成宾语Hejs admired by everybody.美豪都很钦佩他主语译成宾语Materials to be us

14、ed for structural purpose are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental condition.用于结构上的材料要有所选择,以保证它们在周围环境条件下具有弹性. 状语译成宾语4 .非状语译成状语He drew a deep breath.他深深地吸了二定语译成状语Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill, Einstein and Gandhi.在这些照片中我们可以看到他和邱吉尔、爱因斯坦、甘地这些人的交往.主语译成状语句式的转换?

15、1.简单句转译成复合句0.复合句转译成简单句 简单句转译成复合句At the slightest improvement in my work they would show warm approval.我工作稍有进步,他们就热情肯定.复合句转译成简单句This causes the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.这样就盖起了许多人聚居的高楼大厦.I don ' t like the way that, in which he

16、eyed me.我不喜欢他看我的那个样子.语态的转换The passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or known, the passive voice is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context

17、, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese.才巴被动语态译成汉语被动句The company was enjoined from using false advertising.这家公司被禁止使用虚假广告.当句中不出现行为主体时,有时可以在谓语前使用“被字来表示被动意义.语态的转换All aro

18、und, the hill were black with oil, and some were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray.四周,由于蒙上了一层油,山峦是黑色的,有的山峦那么被天然气和风中飘洒的喷油这挡住了.The thrust force of an airplane is produced by th propeller.飞机的推力由螺旋桨说产生.在行为主体前使用“被 “由 “受 “给等字后面,在动词前,有一个名词作为该动词的逻辑主语.Poets are born, but orators are made.诗人是天生的,而演说家那么是后天造

19、就的.Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down.沙滩上的足迹是走出来的.In his late thirties he was almost knowcked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career.近四十岁时,由于事业上的挫折,他几乎为失意所毁.“是的、“为所这些句子着重说明一件事情是怎样做成或造成的. 语态的转换The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles.运动定律将在下文中予以讨

20、论.The details of the facade will be further fitted up to match the interior.铺面将进一步加以装修,使之与室内装饰浑然一体.使用“加以、“予以、“得以字样表达被动含义.B.把被动语态译成汉语主动句His pride must be pinched.他这股傲气应该打下去.当英语被动句中的主语是无生命的名词,而且句中一般没有由介词by引导的行为主体时,这种句子常常可译成汉语的主动句,而不需加什么词.In some of the European countries, the people are given the bigg

21、est social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些欧洲国家里,人民享受最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等.我工作稍有进步,他们就热情肯定.The result of the invention of the stream engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.蒸汽机创造的结果是,机械力代替了人力.当被动句中有地点状语,由介词 by “引导的方式状语及" from "等表示的其它状语时,有时可把这种状语译成主语,将介词省略,而把原主语译成宾语.C.把

22、被动语态译成汉语无主句Power would be gotten if there were money to get it with.有了钱,就会以钱谋权.If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly.如果把水加热,水分子就运动得更快.D.习惯译法It ' s believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream.有人说她那些当明星的方案全都是些遐想罢了.英语中以" it “作形式主语,以被动语态作谓语,其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多.这种结构在译成汉语时,it 一律省略,在被动语态前加人们“、有人“、大家等词,或者用据“等短语译出.It ' s estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting.据估计,美国人一生中,在乏味而令人厌烦,却