2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练(6)(含解析)

1、2019 版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练（6）李仕才A（2017 陕西省高三质检）Many people have bought in sura nee ，either life or property （财产） ， commercial or compulsory.Yetsome people know little about it and someeven misunderstand its nature and function.In sura nce is the shari ng of risks.Nearly every one is exposed to a risk of s

2、ome sort.The houseowner ， for example, knows that his property can be damaged by fire；the shipowner knows that his ships may be lost at sea； the breadwinner knows thathe may die at an early age and leave his family poorer.On the other hand， not everyhouse is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at

3、 sea. If these pers ons each put a small amount of moneyinto a pool ， there will be eno ugh to meet the n eeds of the few who do suffer losses .In other words ，the losses of the few are met from thecon tributi ons of the many .This is the basis of in sura nce.Those who pay the con tributi on are kno

4、wn asthe in sured and those who man age the pool of_con tributi ons as in surers.The legal basis of all in sura nce is the policy.This is a prin ted form of con tract on a piece of paper inbest qualit y.It states that every year the in sured shall pay an amount of money，which is called thepremium ；

5、in retur n, the in surer willpay anamount of money or compensation for losses if the risk or event insured against actually happe ns.The premium for in sura nce n aturallydepe nds upon how likely the risk is to happe n，as suggested by past experience.lf companies fix their premiums too high，there wi

6、ll be more competiti onin their area of in sura nce and they may lose bus in ess. On the other hand ， if they make the premiumtoo low ， they will lose money and may eve n have to drop out of bus in ess.So the ordinary forces ofsupply and dema nd keep premiums at a level satisfactory to both the in s

7、urer and the in sured.1. The underlined phrase in Para.2 most probably means_A. money paid by the insurersB. each premiumC money paid by all those insured2D the cost of administering insurance2 Insurance premiums do not become too high because_ A not many people insure themselvesB premiums depend on

8、 the risk of lossesC insurers have to be more competitiveD insurance companies can never lose money3 According to the passage, insurance business gains profit because_ A more and more people buy insuranceB the firms have sound managementC the premium is increased year by yearD only a few of those in

9、sured suffer losses4 The purpose of the passage is to_ A explain an insurance policyB introduce insurance businessC persuade people to be insuredD warn people of possible losses【解题导语】 本文主要对保险进行了简要介绍。1 C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的“ If these persons each put a small amount of money intoa pool, there will be enou

10、gh to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses. ”可推知， the pool ofcontributions 表示投保人所投的钱。2C 解析：细节理解题。 根据最后一段的“ If companies fix their premiums too high, there will bemore competition in their area of insurance and they may lose business. ” 可知，保险公司也有竞争，因此保险费不能定得太高，否则就没有竞争力，也就意味着可能 会失去业务，故选 C。3D

11、 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“ On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire norevery ship is lost at sea.”“ enough to meet the needs of the few who dosuffer losses ”和“ the losses of the few”可推知，保险公司获利是因为只有少部分投保人遭受意外风险。4 B 解析：写作意图题。文章第一段点题，再结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要 介绍的是保险业务，故选 B。B（2015 呼和浩特第一次调研）Many people may

12、 be surprised by the nu mber of chemicals that they are exposed to througheveryday household products.3In a study 25 women had their homes and bodies tested for 89 environmentalpollutants includingpesticides（ 杀虫剂）and chemicals found in plastics and cleaningproducts. On average 20 chemicals were foun

13、d on their bodies or in their homes.Much is unknown about the possible health effects of chemicals in everydayhousehold products. But certain chemicals like phthalates （令邻苯二甲酸盐 ）found inplastics have been linked to potential health risks, including higher risks of certain cancers, though theevidenee

14、 mainly comes from research on lab animals. Other household chemicals are known to harm theskin, eyes and airways _ and may worse nasthma（哮喘）.Many more chemicals found remain untested.Chemicals likely come from a range of sources, so it is not always clear how toreduce people s exposure, according t

15、o Dr Rebecca Altman, the lead researcher on the new study.In the origi nal study, she no ted, wome nwere give n advice based on the particular chemicals theywere exposed to such as using fragra nee, free wash ing liquid andpersonal - care products.For the curre ntstudy, Altma n and her colleagues in

16、 terviewed two doze n wome nwhod take n part in the previous study to see how they would react to in formati on about their householdchemical exposures. They found that the wome n were gen erally surprised at the range of chemicalsfound in their homes and bodies. They were also surprised that eve n

17、some banned things were found.4With many questions about the health effects of household chemicals unanswered, some expertsworrythat giving people information about their everyday exposures will causeunnecessary fear. However, the researchers found that the women in their study weretypically not ala

18、rmed， and instead wanted “more rather than less” information onthe issue.1 Which of the following statements about chemicals in household products is TRUE?A It is uncertain what effects some chemicals have on health.B Long term exposure to them is certain to cause a deadly illness.C In the study it

19、was found that certain chemicals can cause cancers.DSome of them have bad effects on health, while some have good effects.2 The underlined word “ airways ” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to _A things that look like fine threads growing in the bodyB the passage running from your nose and throat

20、to the lungsC the passage between rows of rooms in a buildingD the area just inside the front door of a building3 Why is it not clear how to reduce exposure to chemicals?A Because all everyday products contain chemicals.BBecause much is unknown about the sources.C Because measures have not been test

21、ed for their effects.D Because chemicals come from a variety of sources.4 According to Dr Rebecca Altman， _5A women were more likely to be harmed by chemicalsB it is unnecessary to inform people about the study resultsC fragrant products may contain harmful chemicalsD further study on everyday produ

22、cts should be done immediately【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文， 阐述了人们在日常生活中所使用的家居用品中所含的 化学成分可能给人的健康带来的诸多影响。1.解析： 选 A。 推理判断题。 根据文章第三段第一句Much is unknown about the possible health effects of chemicals in everyday household products. ”，该段最后一句“ Many more chemicals found remainuntested. ”及文章最后一段第一句“ With many questions ab

23、out the health effects of householdchemicals unanswered.”可知，目前家居用品所含的化学成分对人的健康的影响还有很多是不确定的。故答案选A。2 .解析：选 B 词义猜测题。首先，从构词法的角度来看，airways 由 air（空气）和 ways（道路） 构成。再根据其前所并列的skin ， eyes 可知， airways 应该是身体的某组织或器官，再根据破折号后的“ and may worsen asthma（ 哮喘） ”可知，airways 指的应是人的呼吸道。故答案选 B。3 .解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中Chemica

24、ls likely come from a rangeof sources ， so it is not always clear how to reduce peoples exposure ”可知，可能的化学污染源太多、太广，因此尚不清楚要如何减少化学物质对人们的危害。故答案选D。4 .解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据第五段In the originalstudy.givenadvice basedon the particular chemicals they were exposed to such as using fragrance ， freewashing. ”可知， 研究者们会

25、根据妇女可能接触到的一些特殊的化学物质，如芳香剂、 免费洗手液和其他个人护理产品提出一些建议。 由此可知， 有香味的产品可能会含有有害物质。 故 答案选 C。CA recent research shows that the their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at the age of 15 orso, theshort sleepers ” had been more or less average in6men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep

26、 time because of pressures from school, work, andother activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in theirdaily routines.In general, these “short sleepers ” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, and very sure abouttheir career choices. T

27、hey often held several jobs at once, or worked fullor parttime while going to school.And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal ” or “acceptable ” to their family, friends andso on.Whenasked to reca ll their dreams, the “short sleepers ” did poorly. More than this, they seemed toprefer not

28、 remembering. In similar situation, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was todeny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers ” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shownby

29、many mental patients.The “long sleepers ” were quite different indeed. The research shows that these young men had beenlengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concernedwhen they were occasionally robbed of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed re

30、st. They tended to recall theirdreams much better than did the“short sleepers ”文章大意：本文是一篇研究报告。 报告中对“睡眠少”的人和“睡眠多”的人进行了对比分析， 研究出了他们睡眠时间不同的原因，及其在梦境回忆、性格特点等方面的差异。1According to the report, _ .Amany “short sleepers ” needed less sleep before they were teenagers Bmany “short sleepers ”were forced to reduce

31、 their nightly s leep time Cmany “long sleepers ” were quite concerned whenthey slept 9 hours Dmany “long sleepers ” had kept their sleeping habits since childhood 答案： D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句“ The research shows that these young men had bee n len gthysleeps si nee childhood. ”可知，答案 D 符合文义。2Many “short s

32、leepers ” were likely to hold the view that _ .Asleep could make people appear active and cheerfulBsleep was the least important on their daily routines Cthey were acceptable to all their friends andfamily Dthey were less extreme than many mental patients答案： B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“ These men tended to

33、view their nightly7periods of unconsciousness as interruptions in their daily routines. 将睡眠看成日常生活的障碍，故答案 B 符合文义。3 It can be concluded from the third paragraph that _ the husband gave me his business card.可推知，他们8I wrote him and his wife a thank- you note for helping me. Soon afterwards, Ireceived a C

34、hristmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made theirholidays meaningful.Ashort sleepersdealtwithB“ short sleeperswere unwilling to face psychological problemsC“ short sleepersshortened the sleeping time because of pressuresD“ short sleepers ” would rather reme

35、mber than forget their dreams答案： B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句“ In similar situation, their usual wayofdealing”可推知，答案 B 符合文义。4 What is the purpose of writing this passage?A To introduce the result of a recent research.B To advise people to sleep for a longer time.C To show the disadvantages of short sleeping.

36、D To explain the advantages of long sleeping.答案： A 写作意图题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文是一篇研 究报告，写作的主要目的是：介绍研究的成果，故答案A 符合文义。D（2015 贵阳高三适应性监测考试）Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents home in Missouri for Christmas. I stoppedat a gas station about

37、50miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cashregister（ 收款机 ）, I said hello to an old couple who were also paying for gas.I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke began pouring from the back of my car.I stopped and wonde

38、red what I should do. A car pulled up behind me.It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take meto my friend s. We chatted on the way into the city,and when I got out of the car,9Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In the lateafternoon

39、 I returned to my car and found that I d left the lights on all day,andthe battery was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership a shop selling cars was rightnext door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.“ Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？” I asked a nd explained my

40、trouble. Theyquickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment.When I got home, I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from oneof the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say “ thank you ”，and it meant a lot, he said.“ Thank

41、 you ”two powerful words. Theyre easy to say and mean so much.1 Why did the writer get into the old couples car?A His parents were in the car.B His car had broken down.C His friend told him to do so.D His car s oil had run out.2 From the text, we know that the old couple were _ A talkativeB braveC k

42、indD lonely3 What did the old couple think of helping the writer?A They could get a reward.10B It made their holiday worthy.C They did it by chance.D It was due toa thank-you letter.4 What would be the best title for the text?A An Experience to MissouriB An Old CoupleC A Meaningful HolidayDA Meaning

43、ful Thank -you【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。 作者通过讲述两个自己在遇到困难时得到他人无 私帮助的故事，说明了在接受帮助时表达感谢的重要性。1 .解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的black smoke began pouring from the back of mycar ”可知，作者的车出故障了，所以他才坐老夫妇的车。故答案选B。2解析：选 G 推理判断题。根据第二、三段可知，这对老夫妇让作者搭他们的车去见朋友， 作者下车后， 老夫妇还给了他一张名片，在作者寄去感谢信后， 这对老夫妇给作者寄了 一个圣诞礼物，由此可知，这对夫妇很善良。 kind 意为“善良

44、的”，符合文意。故答案选C。talkative 意为“健谈的”； brave 意为“勇敢的”； lonely 意为“孤独的”， 均不符合文意。3 .解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句Their note that came with it said that helping mehad made their holidaysmeaningful. ”可知，这对老夫妇认为，帮助作者让他们的假期很有意义，这一切都是值得的。故答案选B。4.解析：选 D。标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文作者主要讲述了两个自己受到帮助的故事。 每一次受到帮助后， 作者都会通过写便条来表达自己对他们的感谢。 “感

45、谢”二字虽然说起来容易，但是意义重大。由此可知，D 项“一个有意义的感谢”概括出了文章的主旨，最11适合做这篇文章的标题。故答案选D。EFidel Castro was born at his father s farm on August 13, 192 6. His father,Angel Castro, was a migrant to Cuba from Galicia, Northwest Spain. He had become financially successful by growingsugarcane at Las Manacas farm in Biran, Ori

46、ente Province.Aged six, Castro was sent to live with his teacher in Santiago be Cuba, before being baptized（ 洗礼 ）into theRoman Catholic Church at the age of eight. Being baptized enabled Castro to attend the la Salle boarding school inSantiago, where he regularly misbehaved, so he was sent to the pr

47、ivately funded Dolores School in Santiago. In 1945he transferred to a more famous school, De Belen in Havana. Although Castro took an interest in history, geographyand debating at Belen, he did not excel academically, instead devoting much of his time to playing sport.In 1945, Castro began studying

48、law at the University of Havana, where he became involved in student activism,and the violent gangsterism culture within the university. Passionate about anti-imperialism and opposing U.S.interference in the Caribbean, he unsuccessfully campaigned for the presidency of the Federation of UniversitySt

49、udents on a platform of “ honesty, decency and justice” . Castrobecame critical of the corruption and violence of President Ramon Grau sgovernment, delivering a public speech on the subject in November 1946 that received coverage on the front page ofseveral newspapers.In 1947, Castro joined the Part

50、y of the Cuban People, founded by Eduardo Chibas. Chibas advocated socialjustice, honest government, and political freedom, while his party exposed corruption and demanded reform. ThoughChibas lost the election, Castro remained devoted to working on his behalf. Social situation becoming worse, Castorsoon received a death threat urging him to leave the university; refusing, he began carrying a gun and surroundinghimself with armed friends.1._ From parag