感叹句-祈使句和There-be复习课程

1、重点：1. 祈使句的肯定式和否定式2. 祈使句Do型，Be型和let型的用法。难点：祈使句肯定式到否定式的变换。考占.<7 八、掌握Do型，Be型和let型引导的祈使句。I 祈使句定义1. 定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。2. 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为动词原形，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例：Go and wash your han ds.（去洗你的手。命令）Be quiet, please. （Please be quiet.）（请安静。一一请求）Be kind to our sisters.（对姊妹要和善。一一劝告

2、）Watch your steps.（走路小心。一一警告）Look out! Dan ger!（小心！危险！一一强烈警告，已如感叹句）Keep off the grass.（勿踏草坪。一一禁止）No park ing.（禁止停车。禁止）3. 祈使句也常把主语“ You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如：You go and tell him, Chris.（克立斯去告诉他。）祈使句相关口令祈使句无主语，主语you常省去；动词原形谓语当，句首加don't否定变；朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。川*祈使句表现形式肯定结构：1. Do型（即:动词原形（+宾语）+其它成分）。如：Plea

3、se have a seat here.请这 边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。女口： This way, please. = Go this way, please.请这边走。2. Be型（即：Be +表语（名词或形容词）+其它成分）。如：Be a good boy!要 做一个好孩子！3. Let型（即: Let +宾语+动词原形 +其它成分）。女口： Let me help you.让 我来帮你。否定结构：1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加 don't构成。如：Don't forget me!不 要忘记我！Don't be late for sc

4、hool!上学不要迟到!2. Let型的否定式有两种：“ Don't + let +宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如：Don't let him go. / Let him not go.别让他走。3. 有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如：No smoking!禁止吸烟!No fishing!禁止钓鱼！“let ”引导的祈使句由“let”带头的祈使句（Imperative Sentences是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下列三种 :1. 表示“建议”。这个句型里的“ let”后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾

5、语，女口：Let me try.Let's do it.Let me go and look for it.这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较下列两个句子。A. Don't disturb him.B. Let's not disturb him.(A)是直接命令,语气强烈,不如(B)温柔悦耳。2. 表示“间接命令”或“愿望” 。 这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如：Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.Let her join our choir.3. 表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等

6、。 这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。 除了口气凶悍之外， 有时还语带讽刺。如：Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own.Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.4. 用“ let ”的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点：1) “let”的否定句有两种。如果宾语是第三人称用“Don't let. ”(见例A)； 如果宾语是第一人称，则用“ Let. . . not” (见例 B)：A. Don'

7、t let this type of things happen again.B. It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain.2) “Let”只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态(the passive voice，女口：Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison.Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.3) “Let ”后头除了是不带“to ”的不定式动词(The infini tive without

8、"to")之 外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如 out, i n, dow n, alo ne等：Let the puppy out.Open the windows and let the fresh air in.The room is too sunny. Let the bli nds dow n.Let me alone, please.4）用“ Let's ”时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用“ Let us”时，并不包括对方，如：A. Let's try it, shall we?B. Let us do it by ourselves, will

9、you?从A里的“ shall we”和B里的“ will you ”，不难知道前者包括听话人，后 者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通 常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。V含有第二人称主语的祈使句Be careful!小心！Don't make such a no ise .不要这么吵。1. 肯定的祈使句A. 句型：动词原形.（省略主语）Sta nd up.起立。Be quiet, please.请安静。B. 有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加doDo sit dow n.务必请坐。Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。C. 比较祈

10、使句和陈述句：You eat an apples every da你每天吃一个苹果。 （陈述句）Eat apples.（你）吃苹果（祈使句）（省略主语you）D. 用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾 加please那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。Go this way, please.请这边走。e.祈使句中如果有“呼”语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。Li Ming, come here.李明，过来。Come here, Li Ming.过来，李明。2. 否定的祈使句句型：Don't +动词原形Don't swim in

11、 the river.别在河里游泳。Don't be late.别迟到。Please don't be no isy.请不要大声喧哗。注意：表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词/动名词”来表示。No smok ing!禁止吸烟！No park ing!禁止停车！No en try!不准入内！No litter!不准乱扔杂物！令- -七 公皇真题在线rI）填空。1. Please wait for me. walk so fast.2. quiet, please.3. sit straight.4. go shopp ing now.5. spitti ng.6. tal

12、k ing; class begins.7. a good time!8. talk to your mumlike that!II) 写出下列祈使句的反义疑问句1. Let's go, ?2. Don't make such noise, ?3. Teacher, let us go out to play, ?4. Let's go together, ?5. Let each man decide for himself, ?6. Let us go together, ?7. Come and join us, ?8. Don't fight with

13、others, ?III) 将下列句子变成祈使句。1. Would you like to wait a mome ntRa mome nt.2. Can I use your bike? Pleaseyour bike.3. You'd better not smoke here.here.4. You must be careful with your handwriting. with your handwriting.5. Will you please not play with my pencil? with my pencil, .IV ) 选择题1. Please ;

14、they're having a meeting.A. not be so noisyB. be quiteC. mustn't talkD. no speaking2. to meet me at the station. I'll be waiting there.A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Don't forget3. It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, ?A. won't weB. will youC. don't weD

15、. shall we4. Don't smoke in the meeting-room, ?A. do youB. will youC. would youD. could you5. Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -IA. don'tB. won'tC. can'tD. haven't6. down the radio. The baby's asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn

16、7. Lucy, the door or someone will come in.A. closeB. closesC. not closeD. is closing8. and play football in the street after lunch.A. Let's not to goB. Let's not go C. Let's don't go D. Not let's go9. A sign with the words"" is often found in a bus.A. Not parking B. Not

17、 smoking C. No parking D. No smoking10. Chinese in you English class.A. Not speakB. Don't speakC. Speak not D. Don't speakingV ）翻译下列各句。1. 咱们一起玩吧 ! 2. 请不要迟到 !3. 回答这个问题 !4. 别那么写 !5. 告诉我你的名字 ! 6. 一定要勇敢 ! 7. 来加入我们吧 !8. 别浪费时间 !9. 我们周日去游泳吧 !10. 禁止吸烟 !考点知识点拨f感叹句重点：1. how引导的感叹句的基本结构2. what引导的感叹句的基本结

18、构难点：能够区分由how引导的感叹句和what引导的感叹句。考占.<7 八、掌握以what和how引导的感叹句的变换形式。I感叹句定义感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what” 和“ how”引导，“what"和“ how”与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句 语序。由“What ”引导的感叹句由“what”引导的感叹句：“what”意为“多么”用作定语，修饰名词(被 强调部分)，单数可数名词前要加不定冠词 a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前 不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/a n)+adj. + n. +主语 + 谓语，如：W

19、hat a clever girl she is!多么聪明的姑娘呀！What an in terest ing story it is!多么有趣的故事呀！What good childre n they are!他们是多么好的孩子呀！What beautiful flowers they are!多么漂亮的花呀！What delicious food it is!多么美味的食物呀！What heavy snow it is!多么大的雪呀！IH由“ how”引导的感叹句“how”意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果 修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词

20、，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：How+ adj. （ adv.）+ 主语 + 谓语.女口：How cold it is today!今天多么冷呀！How nice the pictures are!多么漂亮的图画呀！How happy they look!他们显得多么高兴呀！How well she si ngs!她唱得多好呀！How hard they are work ing now!他们干得多么起劲呀！在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用“what”引导，也可用“how”引导。如：What a hot day it is!How hot the day is!/How

21、hot a day it is!多么热的天气呀！What tall build ings they are!How tall the buildi ngs are!多么高的楼房呀！What bad weather it is!How bad the weather is!多么糟糕的天气呀！What bright sunshine it is!How bright the sunshine is!多么明亮的阳光呀！V感叹句在表示强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后 面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如：What a fine day!多么晴朗的一天呀！What an hon est boy!多么诚

22、实的孩子呀！What red apples!多么红的苹果呀！How cool!好凉快呀！How wonderful!精彩极了！靛1真题在线I）将下列句子变成感叹句。1. It is quite a nice present.2. We have fine weather today.3. It's sunny today.nice prese nt!weather we have today! sunny day it is today!4. The childre n are work ing hard.5. She played basketball won derfully.6.

23、 He is good at singing._the childre n are work ing! _ she played basketball! he sin gs!7. He was doing well in dancing.8. Tom coughs badly.9. The fish is very lovely.10. They live a happy life today.dan cer he was!cough Tom has!the fish is!life they live!11. Wu Pe ng jumps high!high Wu Peng jumps12.

24、 It's an in teresti ng film.an interesting film it is!13. The sun is bright.14. The book is very in teresti ng.bright the sun is! interesting the book is!15. He writes En glish well.well he writes En glish!16. It's a tall tree.a tall tree it is!17. He is a fat man.a fat man he is!II ）选择题。1.n

25、ice watch it is!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a2.bright girls they are!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. how ain terest ing the film is!A. WhatB. What an3.C. HowD. How an4.sunny day! Let's go out for a walk.A. How aB. HowC. What aD. What5.hard work it is!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an6.day it is! It'

26、;s rainy aga in.D. What a fineA. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine7. great day July 1th, 1997 will be!A.How a B. What aC.HowD.What8. expensive trousers!A.What B. What aC.HowD.What an9. girl she is!A.What bright a B. How a brightC. How bright aD. What bright10. weather we have today!A.A fineB. What a

27、 fineC.How a fineD.What fine11. careless he is!A.What B. HowC.So muchD.How much12. from Beijing to London!A. How long way it isB. What a long way is itC. How long way is itD. What a long way it is13. Oh, John, you gave us!A.how a pleasant surpriseB.how pleasant surpriseC.what a pleasant surpriseD.wh

28、at pleasant surprise14. useful work they have done!A. WhatB. HowC.What aD.What an15. nice picture you gave me!A. HowB. WhatC.What aD.What an16. beautiful flowers they are！A. HowB. WhatC.How aD.What a17. terrible weather it is！A. WhatB. What aC.HowD.How a18. the moon cakes ar！eA. How deliciousB. How

29、a deliciousC. What deliciousD. What a delicious19. _thick ice! Would you like to go skating？A. What B. HowC. What aD. How a20. -beautiful day it is! Let's go and have a picnic in the park.-Good idea!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a21. -Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition.-pleas

30、ant surprise this gave her classmates!A. What B. How C. What aD. How a22. - great man Huang Furong is!-He lost his life while saving the students in the Yushu earthquake.A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a23. exciting sport it is to climb the mountains!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an24. wide the streets

31、 are!A. What B. HowC. What aD. How a25. - beautiful city!-Yes. Lots of tourists come to visit it every year.A. How B. What C. How a D. What a26. good job she does! She is really a clever girl.A. What B. How C. What a D. How a27. -interesting talk Mr. Black gave us!-Yes. We all like it very much.A. H

32、ow B. What aC. What anD. How an28. meeting it is!A. What a importantB. What importantC. How an important D. What an important29. - I've just got a postcard from my pen friend.- Let me have a look . Wow. nice card!A. What B. What a C. How D. Why30. -kind girl Nancy is!-Yes, she is always ready to

33、 help others.A. What B. What a C. HowD. How a31. -Have you seen the filmAlice in Wonderful?-Yes. wonderful film it is!A. What B. What a C. HowD. How a32. - wonderful dictionary it is! Thank you for buying me such a usefulpresent.- I'm glad you like it.A. What aB. WhatC. How aD. How33. - hard wor

34、k you have done!-It's very kind of you to say so.A. WhatB. HowC. What aD.How a34. happily the children are flying kites!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a35. _a clever boy he is !A. WhatB. HowC. What'sD.How's考点知识点拨There be句型与have(has)重点：1. There be句型的肯定式和否定式。2. There be句型一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句的构成。3. T

35、here be句型的就近原则。4. There be句型和 have(has的区别。难点：1. There be句型中肯定句变否定句和一般疑问句时some变any的用法。2. There be句型中的就近原则。考占.<7 八、1. 掌握There be句型中肯定句变否定句和一般疑问句时 some变any的用法2. 掌握There be句型中的就近原则。3. 区分There be句型和have(has)的用法。I There be 句型1. 表示:在某地有某物或某人。2. 在there be句型中，主语是单数或不可数名词，be动词用is；主语是复数， be动词用are；如有几件物品，be动

36、词根据最接近be动词的那个名词决定。There is a book on the desk. There is some water in the glass.There are three men un der the tree . There is a bag, two books and three pens on the desk.3. there be句型的否定句在be动词后加not,般疑问句把be动词调到句首。There is a duck in the river.否定句： There is not a duck in the river.一般疑问句：Is there a duc

37、k in the river?4. some和 any在there be句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。5. and和or在there be句型中的运用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑 问句。6. 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：How many +名词复数 + are there +介词短语？How much +不可数名词 + is there +介词短语？7. 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What's +Who's there+介 词短语？|”就近原则当there be句型的主语是两个或者两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要离它最近

38、的那个名词一致。第一个名词是单数就用 there is,第一个名词是复数就用there areo女口： There is a teacher and some students in our classroom.我们教室里有一位老师和一些学生。There are some stude nts and a teacher in our classroom.我们教室里有一些学生和一位老师。出There be句型与have, has区别There be句型表示“某处有某物或某人”女口： There is a bag on the chair.Have (has)表示“某人或某物拥有什么东西”，强调的

39、是“所属关系”，而且 某人某物作句子的主语。如: I have a daughter. She has a lucky dog.I）用恰当的be动词填空。1. There a lot of sweets in the box.2. There some milk in the glass.3. There some people under the big tree.4. There a picture and a map on the wall.5. There a box of rubbers near the books.6. There lots of flowers in our g

40、arden last year.7. There a plate of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.8. There four cups of coffee on the table.II ）用 have 或 has 填空。1. I a nice picture.2. He a good friend.3. They _ some kites.4. We some flowers.5. She _ a duck.6. My father _ a new bike.7. Her mother _ a vase.8. Our teacher _ an E

41、nglish book.9. Our teachers a basketball.10. Their parents some story books11. Nancy _ many skirts.12. David _ some jackets.13. My friends a football.14. What do you ?15. What does Mike ?16. What do your friends ?17. What does Helen ?18. His brother _ a basketball.19. Her sister _ a nice doll.20. Miss Li an English book.III )用“ have, has”、“there is, there are ”或者“ is there, are there ”填空。1. I a good father and a good mother.2. a book on the desk.3. He a tape-recorder.4. a basketball on the playground.5. She some dresses.6. They a nice garden.7. What do you ?8. a