八年级英语上册Unit 3 Countries and Cities学案北师大版

1、unitunit 3 3 countriescountries andand citiescities【本讲教育信息本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：第三单元 第一部分能简单描述不同国家的人口、地理、语言等情况，并进行比较二. 本周教学重点、难点：1. 描述国家的人口、地理、语言等。2. “how + adjective”疑问句，及其回答。3. 形容词的比较级。三. 具体内容：（一）asking about countries, cities, and languages.1. what is the capital of france?its paris.2. what language do

2、they speak in america?they speak english.3. where is the eiffel tower?its in france.4. what is the country famous for?its famous for the silk.e.g. my country is very large. it has manybeautiful lakes, rivers and mountains. mostpeople live in the southern part of the country because it is very cold i

3、n the north. the capital ofmy country is ottawa. my country is called canada.（二）questions with “how + adjective”1. how long is the nile river?the nile river is about 6,671 km long.2. how high is the great pyramid?the great pyramid is 137 meters high.3. how far is beijing from shanghai?its about 1000

4、km.4. how deep is the grand canyon?its about deep.（三）comparative adjectives形容词的原来形式在相比较概念中称做原级， 与之比较，“更的” 称作比较级，“最的”称作最高级。形容词变成比较级和最高级的构成规则1. 一般单音节形容词和少数双音节词变成比较级，最高级，分别在词尾加 er, est.情况变法例词一般情况加 er, esttalltallertallest以 e 结尾时加 r, stlargelargerlargest以“辅音+y”结尾时变 y 为 i，加 er, esthappyhappierhappiest以重读

5、闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写最后的辅音字母，再加 er,estbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest对少数的双音节形容词，变比较级和最高级时也是如此。e.g. narrownarrowernarrowestsimplesimplersimplestclevercleverercleverest2. 一般双音节及多音节的形容词变比较级和最高级时，都要在前面加 more, most.e.g. usefulmore usefulmost usefuldifficultmore difficultmost difficult来3. 不规则形式。原级比较级最高级

6、many/muchmoremostgood/wellbetterbestbadworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest4. 有一些形容词没有比较级。e.g. chinese english, afraid aware alive, east west, right left, w ooden golden, square round5. 形容词比较级的用法。（1）所在的句子结构通常是：“含有形容词比较级的主句+引导的从句”，如从句省略，要保留同主句相比的部分及其修饰语。e.g. my composition is

7、shorter than hers.i have more english books than french books.the pen im using now is better than the one i used last year.（2）相比中，出现的程度和数量之差，须置于形容词比较级的前面。e.g. i am 2 years older than my younger brother.your shoes are 2 sizes bigger than hers.this book is more expensive than that one.6. 形容词最高级的用法。用于两

8、者以上的比较。通常前面加定冠词，并有一个表示范围的短语或从句。e.g. it is the most interesting book i have ever read.john is the tallest boy in the class.she is the best student in the school.7. 其他用法。（1）形容词的同级比较。表示两者一样时，用 asas，不及时，用 not soas, not asase.g. he is as tall as his elder sister.i read lesson 2 as many times as lesson 1.

9、in winter it is not so cold in nanjing as in beijing.（2）形容词比较级的单独用法。are you feeling better now?be more careful.eat less meat and more vegetable.he has less money.（3）more and more 越来越after march, the weather is getting warmer and warmer.now our country is getting stronger and stronger.the garden is b

10、ecoming more and more beautiful.（4）the more the more 越是就越the more angry she became, the more they laughed at her.the harder you work, the better you will do.四. 课堂练习。（一）单选。1. canada is very large but russia isthan canada.a. largeb. largerc. largestd. the largest2. the aral sea continued to get.a. sma

11、llb. smallerc. smallestd. the smallest3. the amazon river goesthe country.a. throughb. acrossc. underd. from4. they agreed to usewater for farmin g than before.a. fewb. lessc. littled. a little5. life in china today isthan it was in the past.a. goodb. betterc. bestd. the best6. the service in this h

12、otel is eventhan it was in the past.a. badb. worsec. worstd. the worst（二）时态填空。1. what did you do last night?i(surf) the internet.2. what are you doing this weekend?i(meet) some friends.3. he usually(go) to bed at half past ten.4. she(visit) her grandparents last summer.5. i(travel) around the world

13、when i have enough money.6. next sunday we(have) lunch in a restaurant.【本讲教育信息本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：第三单元 第二部分能描述过去常常发生的情况和所做的动作、会简单使用不定代词二. 本周教学重点和难点：1.不定代词的用法2. used to do 的用法3.重点词组的学习三. 具体内容：（一） 不定代词的用法不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词，且这些代词都作单数看待，在句中做主语，宾语或表语。做主语时，句中的谓语动词要用单数。做主语使用：someone wants to s

14、ee you.做宾语使用：i know nothing about it.做表语使用：money isnt everything.1. 由 every 构成的 everybody/everyone, everything 都含有概括的意思， 表示一切人或事物。e.g. everybody/everyone has a book. 每人（大家）都有一本书。2. someone/somebody, anyone/anybody 均表示某人，something, anything 均表示某物，someone/somebody, something 一般用于肯定句， anybody/anyone, a

15、nything 一般用于否定句或疑问句。e.g. there is someone / somebody in the room.there isnt anybody/anyone in the room.is there anybody/anyone in the room?3. 和 some 一样， somebody/someone, something 有时也用于疑问句中， 含有肯定的意思 （表示请求，建议或反问）。e.g. why not ask somebody to help us?来is someone coming this morning?4. anybody/anyone,

16、 anything 也可以用来表示任何人，任何事e.g. you can do anything you want.5. 形容词可以修饰不定代词，但必须放在不定代词的后面。e.g. i found nothing interesting in todays newspaper.注意：1.不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单数。2.有修饰语时，须放在不定代词的后面。3. something, anything, nothing 可用 it 代替，someone, somebody, everyone 等做主语时可用he/she 或 they 代替，做宾语时可用 him/her 或 them 代替。（二）

17、used to do表示过去常常，表示现在已不这样。e.g. when i was in the countryside, i used to get up at five oclock.we used to come here every yea r when i was a kid.he didnt use to play football when he was young.=he usednt to play football whendid he use to play football when he was young?= used he to play football whe

18、n?be used to doing “习惯于”，可用 become 和 get 代替。e.g. im used to living in the north.he gets used to getting up early.be used to do 表示被用做e.g. wood is used to make paper.（三）词组学习1. not any more, no more, not any longer, no longer四者都有“不再”之意，not any more= no more, not any longer= no longer.e.g. im no more a

19、little girl.= im not a little girl any more.she no longer lives here. = she doesnt live here any longer.2. complain to sb. about /of sth.意为“抱怨，埋怨，发牢骚”。e.g. im going to complain to the manager about this.all the people complain about the food there.3. agree to do sth. 同意做某事e.g. we agreed to leave.也可接

20、表示提议，办法，计划，安排等词，意为“同意”。e.g. i agree to this plan.4. be good for 对有好处e.g. too much sun isnt good for you.eating more vegetables is good for your health.来5. one of them the great pyramid is 137 meters high.英语中表示物体的长，宽，高，深的句式有：主语+be+数字+度量单位+long/wide/ high/ deep主语+be+数字+度量单位+in length/width/height/dept

21、he.g. his brother is 6 feet tall.the cave is 3 meters high/ in height, 4 meters long/ in length and 2 meters wide/ in width.课堂练习一. 单选。1. do you haveto say?a. somethingb. anythingc. everythingd. nothing2. thereswith his eyes. hes ok.a. anything wrongb. wrong somethingc. nothing wrongd. wrong nothing3. everythingready. we can start now.a. areb. isc. bed. were4. the man is nearly 2 meters.a. oldb. tallc. longd. high5. oct 15thwas one ofdays in 2005. i visited peking university.a. excitingb. more excitingc