二氧化碳物理性质

1、二氧化碳（CO2）相关物理性质 概要：   二氧化碳（CO2）相关物理性质英文名称CARBON DIOXIDE又名 碳酸气二氧化碳在常温常压下为无色而略带刺鼻气味和微酸味的气体。17世纪初，比利时化学家J.B.Van. Helmont(15771644)在检测木炭燃烧和发酵过程的副产气时，发现CO2是一种与其他气体不同的气体。1757年，J.Black第一个应用定量的方法研究这种气体，由于它是固定在石灰石中的，所以定名他为“固定空气”。此后，H.Cavendish和J.Priestley分别研究了“固定空气”的性质。1773年，A.L.Lavoisier把碳放在氧气中加热，

2、得到被它称为“碳酸”的CO2气体，测出质量组成为23.528.9%,杨71.176。5%。1823年，M.Faraday发现。加压可以使CO2气体液化。1835年，M.Thilorier制得固态CO2(干冰)。1884年，在德国建成第一家生产液态CO2的工厂。在自然界，CO2时最丰富的化学物质之一，为大气的一部分，也包含在某些天然气或油田伴生气中何以碳酸盐形成的矿石中。大气里含CO2位0.030.04%（体积），总量约2.75×1012t,主要由含碳物质燃烧和动物的新陈代谢产生。在国民经济各部门，CO2有着十分广泛的用途。工业CO2主要是从合成氨、氢气生产过程中的原料气、发酵气、石灰

3、窑气、酸中和气、乙烯氧化副反应气和烟道气等气体中提取和回收，其纯度不低于99.5%（体积）。一、分子特性1-3  见表1表1性  质数  值性  质数  值分子式结构式相对分子质量离解常数 键长，pm键能，kJ/molCO2O=C=O44.0103.5×10-7（18）4.4×10-11（25）116531.4电离能，kJ/mol分子直径，nm摩尔体积（0，0.10Mpa）,L生成自由能，kJ/mol通用气体常数（R），MPa·m3/(kmol·K)1330.50.350.5122.26

4、0;-394.60.008314 二、物理性质、热力学性质 (一)特性参数1-3  见表2表2性  质数  值性  质数  值熔点，沸点，相对密度（空气=1） 比容,m3/kg 绝热系数（K）-56.6（527Kpa）-78.5（升华）1.524(0,1atm)1.522(21.1,1atm)0.5059(0,1atm)0.5457(21.1,1atm)1.295临界点：温度，临界压力，MPa临界密度,kg/m3气体密度，kg/m3 1 m3气体生成液体体积，L 31.067.3824

5、671.977（0,1atm）1.833(21.1,1atm)1.56（288K, 0.101MPa） 表3  临界状态及标准状态下的部分参数7临界状态（31.06,7.382Mpa）标准状态(0,1atm)性  质数  值性  质数  值压缩系数偏差系数偏心因子流体粘度，mPa·s 0.3150.2740.2250.0404 流体粘度，mPa·s定压比热，KJ/(Kg·K)定容比热，KJ/(Kg·K)0.01380.850.661  表4  二

6、氧化碳的亨利系数值7温度，数值，10-6mmHg温度，数值，10-6mmHg40501.771.9550602.152.59注：1mmHg=133.3Pa.  表5   二氧化碳的压缩系数4压力MPa温           度  0204060801000.10135.06627.599410.132512.66615.19917.731920.265022.798125.331227.864430.397535.463840.530045.59

7、6250.66251.00000.10500.15300.20200.24900.29500.34050.38500.43050.47400.51700.55950.64450.72800.80900.8905-0.63360.16770.21300.25900.30380.34710.39040.43370.47520.51670.55770.63830.71840.79670.8740-0.74140.54080.26950.29220.32880.36770.40780.44750.48670.52680.56570.64240.71790.79160.8635-0.80680.6895

8、0.54200.41820.39760.41450.44480.47760.51240.54730.58210.65430.72480.79450.8642-0.84770.76420.67490.58710.52600.50390.51050.52710.55190.58130.61100.67490.73940.80440.8694-0.88320.81840.75400.69320.64270.60900.59620.59840.61160.62950.65150.70380.76020.81910.8788 表6  液体二氧化碳密度-温度对照表1-3温度 密度kgm

9、3温度 密度kgm331.030.027.525.022.520.017.515.012.510.07.55.02.50.0-2.5-5.0-7.5-10.0463.9596.4661.0705.8741.2770.7795.5817.0838.5858.0876.0893.1910.0924.0940.0953.0968.0980.8-12.5-15.0-17.5-20.0-22.5-25.0-27.5-30.0-32.5-35.0-37.5-40.0-42.5-45.0-47.5-50.0-55.0 993.81008.11018.51029.91041.71052.61063.

10、61074.21084.51094.91105.01115.01125.01134.51144.41153.51172.1  表7  固体二氧化碳温度密度对照表4温度 密度kgm3温度 密度kgm3-56.6-60-65-701512152215351546-75-80-85-901557156615751782 表8  二氧化碳的粘度(0.101325MPa,u×106) 4温度 粘度 Pa·s温度 粘度 Pa·s-100-75-50-25020258.8610.0711.2612.4713.6714.6314.

11、86507510015020025030016.0717.1618.2720.4522.5424.5626.46 表9  液体二氧化碳的粘度（×106）4温度 粘度 Pa·s温度 粘度 Pa·s0510159992.585.278.42025293071.262.553.953.0 表10  二氧化碳在不同压力及温度下的粘度（u×106,u=ut+5.25×10-31.7,密度0.63×103kg/m3）压力MPa温      

12、0;    度  0102030405060801001251502000.1012.0264.0536.0808.10610.13212.15914.18616.21218.23820.26525.33130.39814.014.314.414.715.714.815.115.9  15.215.516.218.5 15.715.916.618.324.245.116.116.316.918.221.229.742.1 16.516.717.318.420.524.528.636.644.4 17.41

13、7.618.018.920.322.324.729.934.938.644.0 18.318.518.819.620.622.024.126.829.833.236.844.652.919.419.219.620.221.022.023.425.027.129.231.838.143.820.420.020.320.821.522.323.424.627.627.729.534.439.322.422.522.723.123.624.224.925.726.727.628.831.935.2 (二)相变1-3  见表.2.10-9表11性  质数

14、0; 值性  质数  值三相点：温度，压力，Mpa汽化热，kJ/kg熔化热，kJ/kg  -56.570.518347195.82 升华状态：温度，升华热，kJ/Kg固态密度，kg/m3气态密度，kg/m30.       101Mpa-78.5573.615622.814 表12  二氧化碳在不同温度下的汽化热4温度 汽化热 kJ/kg温度 汽化热 kJ/kg-56.57-55-50-45-40-35-30-25-20-15347.77345.18337.0632

15、8.82320.41311.75302.80293.63283.63270.04-10-505101520253031261.54248.95234.85219.03201.21180.20155.23119.3762.970.00 表13  液体二氧化碳饱和蒸汽压温度 饱和蒸汽压 KPa温度 饱和蒸汽压 KPa温度 饱和蒸汽压 KPa温度 饱和蒸汽压 KPa-59-58-57-56-55-54-53-52-51-50-49-48-47-46-45-44-43-42-41-40-39-38-37465.96487.15509.05531.67555.05579.19604.

16、10629.80656.30695.65711.8740.9770.7801.5833.3865.8899.4933.9969.41005.91043.41081.91121.5-36-35-34-33-32-31-30-29-28-27-26-25-24-23-22-21-20-19-18-17-16-15-141162.01203.81246.61290.41335.51381.61428.91477.51527.21578.31630.41683.91738.51794.61852.01910.61970.62032.02094.82159.02224.62291.72360.2-13-

17、12-11-10-9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-101234567892430.22501.72574.72649.42725.52803.22882.72963.63046.33130.73216.73304.53394.03485.33578.43673.33769.93868.63969.14071.54176.04282.44390.8101112131415161718192021222324252627282930314501.44613.94728.54845.34964.45085.75209.35335.15463.55549.25727.45863.16001.46142

18、.46286.16432.86582.16734.66890.17048.97210.97376.3（三）工程量值1-3  见表14表14性  质数  值性  质数  值气体粘度，mPa·s表面张力，mN/m比热容，kJ/(kg·K)CpCv0.0138(0,0.101MPa)9.13(-25)(0,0.101MPa)0.8450.651热导率 折射率 52.75(0,0.101Mpa)/W/(m·K)1.0004506(0,0.101MPa,=546.1) 表15  二氧化

19、碳在0.101325MPa下的导热系数温度 导热系数 mW/(m·K)温度 导热系数 mW/(m·K)-78.5-50.510.711.80 13.9-14.4 表16  二氧化碳在不同温度极压力下的导热系数mW/(m·K)温度 压      力 MPa0.10133.0405.0667.09310.13215.19920.265-75-5001020.3040501001502002503008.710.714.515.416.016.917.718.522.326.330.134.

20、037.9-18.318.819.319.920.420.924.327.931.535.139.0-24.124.023.824.026.329.432.836.339.8-31.530.029.029.031.434.437.740.9-110.1104.097.087.068.644.733.834.536.939.542.7-112.8107.7102.295.888.579.845.744.041.943.746.3-115.1110.8106.4101.295.989.959.949.447.348.149.8  （四）热力学参数1-3  见表17&#

21、160; 表17性  质数  值性  质数  值气体粘度，mPa·s表面张力，mN/m比热容，kJ/(kg·K)CpCv0.0138(0,0.101MPa)9.13(-25)(0,0.101MPa)0.8450.651热导率 折射率 52.75(0,0.101Mpa)/W/(m·K)1.0004506(0,0.101MPa,=546.1) 表18  气体二氧化碳的热容（KJ/Kmol·）压力Pa温    度025501002003001.013&

22、#215;1055.066×1051.013×1062.533×1065.066×1061.013×1072.027×1073.040×1074.053×1075.066×1076.080×1078.108×1071.013×10836.78139.54643.301103.63394.24889.28684.50479.90276.04874.02172.18471.44537.60039.54642.12252.046106.03995.63590.12585.89283

23、.86581.65880.73138.62839.90441.75348.18261.062120.60699.69091.22386.26183.13677.98174.86040.27641.01441.99245.27451.49771.54593.43084.23578.53374.12170.44765.29563.81843.72044.03044.38945.46747.36452.02661.44167.09267.84167.00266.12364.95664,20646.51546.69546.90447.56448.65251.11855.38158.85561.44162.73963.11862.89262.739 （五）溶解度表19  CO2在水中的溶解度对照表 温度 a×102 mL/mLq×102 g/100g温度 a×102 mL/mLq×102 g/100g01234567891011121314151617171.3164.6158.4152.7147.314