北师大版必修五Unit_13_People_知识点总结

1、 - 中国首家承诺学习效果的在线教育公司高中英语必修5（北师大版）Unit 13 People知识点总结一、重点词汇 gifted 原文再现 You are a gifted student who always gets As in exams, but you have just found out you got a C in a recent test. 你是一个有天赋的学生，总是在考试中得A， 但是在近期的一次考试中发现得了C。基本用法 gifted adj. 有天赋的，有天资的； 有才华的Martin Gatt is a gifted pianist. 马丁盖特是个有才华的钢琴家。

2、知识拓展 相关单词 gift n. 礼物；天赋；赠品 have a gift /talent for.有.的天赋He has a gift for foreign languages. 他有外语天才。 Mother has a gift for making guests feel at home. 母亲有使客人觉得无拘无束的才能。 This child has a gift for painting. 这个小孩子有绘画方面的天赋。 相关短语 be gifted in 在.方面有天赋 be gifted with 天生. He was gifted with a good voice. 他天生

3、一个好嗓子。 He was gifted in music. 他在音乐上有天才。 draw up 原文再现 Draw up an agenda and discuss it with the group. 起草一个议事议程并与小组一起讨论。基本用法 draw up 起草，草拟；制定；停下来A taxi drew up in front of the house. 一辆出租汽车在房子前面停了下来。 He drew up a brief for his speech. 他起草了一份讲话的摘要。 The police drew up a blacklist of wanted terrorists.

4、 警方拟就一份通缉恐怖分子的黑名单。 predict 原文再现 Supported by hisacademic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someones future success,their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ. 萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出， 在预测一个人未来的成功时， 他们的性格-通过情商测验来 衡量-也许比其智商更为重要。基本用法 predict vt.

5、 预言，预测You can never predict what would happen next. 谁也无法预料接着会发生什么事。 It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so moody. 他如此喜怒无常，所以很难预知其反应如何。知识拓展 相关句型/结构 predict that. 预测. be predicted to do sth. 被预测做某事 It is ridiculous to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow. 预言明天太阳将不升起是荒唐可笑的。 Car

6、 usage is predicted to increase. 汽车的使用率预计会增长。 词义辨析：forecast/foretell/predict/foresee 这些动词均含“预言，预示，预告”之意。 forecast指对未来事件的预报、推测或设想，侧重最终可能出现的结果。 foretell一般的通俗用语，往往指根据客观因素做出的预告，强调预先要发生的事。predict较正常的正式用词，通常用于人。指根据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预告，隐含有科学的准确性。 foresee指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判断。 academic 原文再现 Supported

7、 by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someones future success,their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ. 萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出， 在预测一个人未来的成功时， 他们的性格-通过情商测验来 衡量-也许比其智商更为重要。基本用法academic adj. 学术的；理论的；学院的 The new academic year is c

8、oming. 新学年就要来了。 Her academic achievements shamed her brothers. 她的学术成就使她的兄弟们相形见绌。 She pushed her son to pursue an academic career. 她督促儿子从事学术。 He has no interest in academic questions. 他对纯理论问题毫无兴趣。知识拓展-相关短语 academic thesis 学术论文 academic freedom 学术自由 deserve 原文再现 For example, have you ever wondered why

9、 some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams? 例如，你是否有过这样的困惑：为什么班里有些你认为应该得到好分数的最聪明的学生有时却考试不及格？基本用法 deserve vt. 应得，值得；应受He did not deserve such fortune. 他不配得到这种好运气。 Im sure I dont deserve so much praise. 我肯定自己不值得这么多赞扬。知识拓展-相关短语 deserve

10、 sth. 应受，应得. deserve to do sth. 值得做. deserve doing sth.（主动表被动）=deserve to be done 值得被做. Youve been working all morning-you deserve a rest. 你已经干了一个上午了，该休息一下了。 Steven deserved to be punished for his behavior.=Steven deserved punishing for his behavior. 史蒂文的表现应该受到惩罚。 He certainly deserved to be sent to

11、 prison. 他的确应该被送去坐监牢。 They deserved to be well treated. 对他们应好好相待。 failure 原文再现Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ. 他们的失败也许是因为他们的情商低。基本用法failure n. 失败; 失败者；破产；故障 He felt miserable about his failure. 他对自己的失败感到悲哀。 It was evident that the policy was a failure. 显然这项政策是失败的。 The new restaurant

12、 was a failure and soon closed. 那家新饭店经营无方，不久便关了门。知识拓展相关单词 fail v 失败；不及格；破产；缺乏；衰退；使失望 He failed many times, but he did not lose heart. 他失败了许多次，但他并没有失去信心。 The brake failed and the car ran into a lamp-post. 刹车失灵了，汽车撞在灯柱上了。 Is your eyesight failing recently? 你近来视力有所变差吗？ 相关用法 failure 通常作不可数名词，但在具体表示“失败的人

13、或事、失败的次数”时，为可数名词。类似的词还 success, comfort, relief 等。 如： Their marriage was a failure and they both wanted to be free of it. 他们的婚姻是个失败，他们两个都想得到解脱。 mistaken 原文再现People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well. 人们经常错误的认为高智商的人总是拥有高情商。基本用法mistaken adj. 错误的; 弄错的；被

14、误解的 v 弄错（mistake的过去分词） You must have mistaken her for her sister. 你一定是把她误认为是她的姊妹了。 I must have mistaken your meaning/what you meant. 我一定误会了你的意思。 Kindness is easily mistaken for love. 善意很容易被误解为爱情。知识拓展-相关单词 mistake n. 错误；误会；过失 Tom must have taken your dictionary by mistake. 汤姆一定是弄错了才拿了你的字典。 He is blin

15、d to his own mistakes. 他看不见自己的错误。 We all made mistakes with carelessness. 我们都因粗心犯了错误。 association 原文再现This association can exist, but it is just as possible for someone with a low IQ to have a high EQ or someone with a high IQ to have a low EQ. 这种联系可能存在，但是一个低智商的人有高情商或者一个高智商的人有低情商也是有可能的。基本用法associati

16、on n. 联想；协会；联盟；社团 I benefited a lot from my association with him. 我与他交往获益良多。 Have you joined the teachers association? 你加入教师协会了吗? Mr Jack is on the books of the Football Association. 杰克逊先生是足球协会的会员。知识拓展其他词性 associate v. 联想，联系；交往，结交；联合 associated adj. 有关联的，相关的 相关短语 be associated with. I associated wit

17、h him in business. 我过去和他合伙经商。 She associated happiness with having money. 她把幸福和有钱联想到一起。 possibility 原文再现Some are trying to study the possibility of improving a persons EQ, especially in terms of peopleskills,suchas understanding and communication. 一些人正试图研究提高情商的可能性，特别是“人际技能”方面，例如：理解和沟通。基本用法possibilit

18、y n. 可能性；可能发生的事物 There is a good possibility of rain tonight. 今晚很可能要下雨。 Life on other planets is a possibility. 其他行星上有生命是可能的。知识拓展-相关句型/结构 There is a possibility that.有可能. There is no possibility that. 没有可能. There is no possibility of doing sth.（做）某事没有可能 There is no possibility of his coming. 他不可能来。

19、thus 原文再现On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with otherpeople and dealing with difficult situations; Thus they have a harder time surviving in life. 另一方面， 毫无疑问的是低情商的人在于别人相处和处理困难形式时经常有问题， 因此会生活得比较艰难。基本用法thus adv. 如此；因此；从而；这样 （thus用作副词时位置较为灵

20、活。在句中对动词的时态和语态没有 任何影响，其用法及意义与therefore差不多） It has been thus and will continue to be so. 事情一直是这样，并将继续这样下去。 He didnt work hard. Thus he was fired. 他工作不努力，因此被解雇。 He described the whole accident thus and thus. 他如此这般地描绘了整个事故的发生经过。 It was already rather late, thus we decided to urge the customer. 已经相当晚了，所

21、以我们决定催促客户。 accuse 原文再现The man was accused of stealing money. He was brought to court. 这个人被指控偷钱。他被送到了法庭。基本用法accuse v. 控告；谴责；指控；归咎于 Make sure of your facts before you accuse him. 在指责他以前要把材料核实一下。 How dare you accuse me of lying! 你怎敢谴责我说谎!知识拓展-相关句型/结构 accuse sb of sth. 指控某人某事 Tom accused her of cheating

22、 in the exam. be accused as. 作为.而被控告 Shylock does not accuse me of anything. 夏洛克并没有指控我任何东西。 He was accused of stealing money. 他被指控偷钱。 entirely 原文再现 And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that school need to make sure that their students arereceiving the education they really need,

23、 and know that their futures are not entirely determined by their IQs. 情商是可以提高的这一事实意味着学校需要保证学生接受他们真正需要的教育，并且知道他们的未来 并不全是由智商决定的。基本用法entirely adv. 完全地；彻底地 You mistook my meaning entirely. 你完全误解了我的意思。 His opinion differs entirely from mine. 他的意见和我的完全不同。知识拓展-相关单词 entire adj. 整个的，完全的 entirety n. 全部，整体 It

24、 took us an entire week to finish painting the home. 它花去了我们整整一星期的时间才把房子粉刷好。 The entire village was destroyed. 整个村子被毁。 independent 原文再现Jackie is an independent dolphin trainer. 杰克是一个有主见的海豚训练师。基本用法independent adj. 独立的；单独的；无党派的；不受约束的 Shes very independent and lives all alone. 她自食其力，独自生活。 One third of v

25、otes went to the independent candidate. 三分之一的选票被这位无党派候选人得了。 You should learn to be independent of your parents. 你应该学习不要依赖父母。知识拓展 相关短语 be independent from/of. 脱离于., 不受.的影响 gain independence from.从.获得独立 depend on 依赖.依靠. it/that depends 视情况而定 相关单词 independence n. 独立 depend v. 依赖，依靠 sharp 原文再现A person w

26、ith a sharp mind is able to think and understand things very quickly. 头脑敏锐的人能够非常迅速地思考并理解事物。基本用法sharp adj. 敏锐的，锋利的，尖的；急剧的；刺耳的 It was very sharp of you to have noticed that. 你注意到了这一点是够机灵的。 I cut my finger on a sharp stone. 我的手指被一块锋利的石头划破了。 That woman has a very sharp tongue. 那个女人说话非常尖刻。 A sharp knife

27、makes a clean cut. 快刀切得整齐。知识拓展相关单词 sharply adv. 剧烈地；锐利地 The snowstorm caused traffic to fall away sharply. 暴风雪使车辆行人大大减少。 相关短语 a sharp eye 目光敏锐 sharp bends 急转弯 a sharp knife/pencil 锋利的刀子/尖铅笔 a sharp drop in prices 价格的骤降 characteristic 原文再现What characteristics do the students think that tour guides sh

28、ould have? 学生认为导游应该具备什么样的特点？基本用法 characteristic n. 特点；特性；特色；特质 He spoke with characteristic enthusiasm. 他以特有的热情说话。 Her characteristic is honesty. 她的特点是诚实。 She has Asiatic characteristics. 她具有亚洲人的特点。 What characteristics distinguish the Americans from the Canadians? 美国人和加拿大人的特点有什么不同?知识拓展-词义辨析：charact

29、er/characteristic/quality/feature这些名词均有“特性、特点、品质”之意。 feature: 指事物突出引人注目的特点。多用来说明人的容貌特征或地理特征。 characteristic: 指某人或某物天生有别于他人或他物的内部特质或外表特征。 character: 多指一类人或事物所具有的独特的典型的特征。 quality: 最普通用词，既可指有形或无形的特性，又可指个性或共性的特征。 desire 基本用法 desire n.& v. 渴望，欲望; 要求，心愿；希望得到 They had little desire for wealth/to get rich.

30、 他们对财富/致富无大欲望。 I have long desired to meet them. 我一直渴望见到他们。 She desired to marry a rich man. 她很想嫁个富翁。知识拓展-相关句型/结构 desire sth. 渴望. desire to do sth. 渴望做. desire sb to do sth. 希望某人做某事 desire that.( should ) do. 希望. have a desire to do sth. 渴望做. have a desire for sth. 对.渴望 He has a genuine desire to he

31、lp us. 他真心诚意地愿意帮助我们。 It is obvious that they have no desire for peace. 很显然，他们没有和平的愿望。 Mr. Wang desired that we should wait a moment. 王老师请求我们稍等片刻。 satisfaction 基本用法satisfaction n. 满意；满足；乐事 I think these shoes will give satisfaction. 我想这些鞋子一定会符合顾客的要求。 He smiled in satisfaction when he won the race. 他赢

32、得赛跑后满意地笑了。 The success brought him great satisfaction. 成功给他带来极大的快慰。 知识拓展相关单词 satisfy v. 使满意 satisfied adj. 满足的，满意的 satisfying adj. 令人满意的 It is by no means easy to satisfy everyone. 要满足每一个人绝非易事。 I am not at all satisfied with this book. 我对这本书一点也不满意。 The story had a satisfying ending. 那个故事结局很圆满。 相关短语

33、show satisfaction with 对.感到满意满足 to ones satisfaction 令某人满意的是in/with satisfaction 满意地 be satisfied with 对.感到满意 satisfy/meet sb.s need 满足某人的需求 requirement 基本用法 requirement n. 要求；必要条件；必需品 Please let us know in case of further requirement. 如有进一步的需求，请通知我们。 The requirement was news to him. 这种要求对他是新闻。 Your

34、 work does not come up to the requirements. 你的工作不符合要求。 We must train students to meet these requirements. 我们必须按照这些要求来培养学生。知识拓展相关单词 require v. 要求；需要；命令 The job does not require any formal training. 做这种工作不需要任何正规训练。 相关句型/结构 require sb. to do sth. be required to do sth. require that.(should ) do They re

35、quire that I should go at once. 他们要求我立刻去。 All passengers are required to show their tickets. 所有乘客都必须出示车票。 aboard 基本用法 aboard prep. 在（上）船（飞机、火车、公共汽车）上 Wetraveledaboard the same flight. 我们搭乘同一班机。 They were the last two to go aboard the ship. 他们是最後两位上船的。 All passengers aboard fell into the river. 船上所有乘

36、客皆落入河中。 The children were so excited to be taken aboard for the first time. 那些小孩第一次被带上飞机，简直兴奋极了。知识拓展-词义辨析：abroad/aboard/board/broad 这几个词词形相近，但意思差别很大，现总结归纳如下：1. abroad adv. & adj. & n. 在国外，出国，往国外的，海外 go abroad出国、at home and abroad（在）国内外、from abroad从国外 2. broad adj. 宽的，辽阔的；adv. 宽阔地；n. 宽阔部分 broad marke

37、t 广阔的市场，broad band宽带 3. aboard adv. 上（飞机、船、火车等）；prep. 在（飞机、船、火车等）上 We went aboard. 我们上了船（飞机、车） He was already aboard the plane. （prep.） 4. board n. 董事会，甲板；vt. 上（飞机、船、火车等）；vi. 寄宿 board the ship（bus, plane, train） assistant 基本用法 assistant n. 助手，助理；助教 My assistant will stand in for me while Im away. 我不

38、在的时候我的助手将代表我处理事务。 She is assistant to the professor. 她是这位教授的助手。知识拓展 相关单词 1. assist v. 帮助；协助 Jack used to assist Mary in her lessons. 杰克过去常常帮助玛丽学习功课。 He asked us to assist him in carrying through his plan. 他请求我们帮他完成他的计划。 2. assistance n. 帮助；援助 词义辨析 aid/assist/help 这些动词均有“帮助”之意。 1. aid正式用词，指帮助他人脱离危险或战

39、胜困难，着重强者对急需帮助的弱者的帮助。 2. assist强调在提供帮助时，以受助者为主，所给的帮助起第二位或从属的作用。 3. help最普通用词，含义广泛。指一般性的或迫切需要的帮助，侧重积极地为他人提供物质、精神或其他 方面的帮助。 upset 原文再现 Their friends are really upset and have been waiting anxiously for more news. 他们的朋友们真的很难过，都在焦急地等待着更多的消息。基本用法 upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的; v. 使心烦；扰乱；翻到 His sudden death upset e

40、verybody. 他的突然去世使大家深感悲伤。 The storm upset their plans for a hike. 暴风雨破坏了他们的远足计划。 Im always upset when I dont get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 The fire caused an upset in the building. 失火使大楼里一片混乱。 知识拓展-相关短语 be upset about sth. be upset that. It upsets sb. to do sth. It upsets sb. that. be upset with sb.

41、 shelter 原文再现 They might be sheltering in a cave. 他们也许正躲藏在山洞里。基本用法 shelter vi. 躲避 vt. 保护.（免受.）；庇护. n. 避难所；遮蔽物 In the storm I took shelter under the tree. 暴风雨时，我正在树下躲避。 All sorts of people found shelter under his roof. 各式各样的人在他的家找到栖息之所。 Provide food and shelter for a family. 为家庭提供食物和住宿 The umbrella i

42、s a poor shelter from heavy rain. 雨伞不太遮挡得住大雨。知识拓展-相关短语 shelter.from. 保护.免受. They persuaded me in to shelter from the rain. 他们说服我进去躲了一会儿雨。 relief 原文再现 Itll be a real relief when theyre found. 如果他们被发现，这将是一件令人宽慰的事情。基本用法relief n. 宽慰；减轻；救济；解除 These pills bring relief from pain. 这些药丸可以止痛。 That she is stil

43、l alive is a relief. 她还活着，这是令人感到宽慰的。 The news brought a feeling of relief. 这消息给人们带来了宽慰感。 She volunteered (her services) for relief work. 她自愿参加救济工作。知识拓展 相关短语 in relief 放松，宽慰 to ones relief 使某人感到欣慰的是 with relief 放心地，欣慰地 Much to my relief, he is safe now. 他现在没事了，我大大松了一口气。 相关单词 relieve v. 减轻；解除 This med

44、icine will relieve your headache. 这药将减轻你的头痛。 allergic 原文再现 The first time I met Tom, he seemed to be allergic to everything. 我第一次遇见汤姆的时候， 他看上去对一切事物都很敏感。基本用法 allergic adj. 过敏的；对.极讨厌的 Are you allergic to certain animals? 你讨厌某些动物吗? You could see he was allergic to housework. 你可以看出他很讨厌做家务。知识拓展-相关句型/结构 b

45、e allergic to sth. 对某物过敏；对都是反感 I like cats but unfortunately Im allergic to them. 我很喜欢猫，但遗憾的是我对猫过敏。 Are you allergic to any medicine ? 你有药物过敏反应吗? anxiety 原文再现 The day that I met my best friend for the first time, I was full of anxiety. 第一次遇到我最好的朋友那天，我的心情特别焦虑。基本用法 anxiety n. 焦虑；渴望；挂念；令人焦虑的事 Anxiety m

46、ay disorder the stomach. 忧虑可能会引起胃部不适。 His anxiety for knowledge is to be praised. 他对知识的渴求应该受到称赞。 Anxiety has taken away his appetite. 他愁得吃不下饭。 All my fears and anxieties were gone. 我所有的恐惧和焦虑都无影无踪了。知识拓展相关单词anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的；急切的 Im very anxious about the speech contest. 我对此次演讲比赛十分忧虑。 We are rea

47、lly anxious for peace. 我们确实渴望和平。 She is always anxious to please others. 她老是极力想讨好人。 词义辨析：anxiety/worry/concern/care anxiety: 指对预料中的不像之事的焦虑。 worry：侧重对未知事态演变的忧虑。 concern：作“关心”讲时，是indifference（冷漠）的反义词，侧重对他人健康、安全等的关心，也可暗示 对困难、危险或失败等的忧虑。 care：强调因出于责任感或顾虑等而产生的不安。 the last straw 原文再现The last straw was when

48、 I heard someone singing behind me. 当我听到有人唱歌时，我的忍耐到了极限。基本用法 the last straw （一系列烦恼、打击之外）最后使人受不了的事; 导火线The last straw breaks the camels back. 最后一根稻草压断骆驼的背。 The service in this shop has been bad before, but this is the last straw. 这家商店的服务一向不好，但这一次实在是叫人受不了。 Her sitting up all that night was the last str

49、aw. 那天晚上的彻夜未眠终于使她累垮了。 Samuel grasped the last straw of his life. 塞缪尔抓住他生命中最后一线希望。 glare 原文再现 I turned around and glared at the person who was singing. 我扭过头，瞪着唱歌的人。基本用法 glare vi. 怒视；瞪； n. 刺眼；耀眼的光；受公众瞩目 The sun glare out of the blue sky. 太阳从蓝天中发出耀眼的光。 He had to wear sunglasses because of the glare of

50、the sun. 因为阳光耀眼,他只好戴墨镜。 Dont glare at your teacher like that. You deserved the scolding. 别那么瞪眼望着老师，你是该骂的。知识拓展-相关短语 glare at 瞪着；怒视 She glare at me if I go near her desk. 我一走近她的办公桌,她就瞪我。 They stood there, glaring at each other. 他们站在那，互相怒视着对方。 glance 原文再现I glanced at the books cover. 我瞥了一眼书的封面。基本用法 gla

51、nce v.扫视，匆匆一看；反光；瞥闪，瞥见 n.一瞥；一滑；闪光; glance at 快速一瞥She glance shyly at him and then lowered her eyes. 她羞怯地偷看了他一下，随即垂下眼帘。 At first glance the problem seemed easy. 乍一看问题似乎很容易解决。 He took in the scene at a glance. 他看了一眼那里的景色。知识拓展-词义辨析：glance/stare/glare 这组动词都与“看”有关。 glance:意为“匆匆一瞥”，是不及物动词，其后必须接介词at, over等

52、才可以接宾语。 stare:意为“凝视”，它也是一个不及物动词，其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。 glare:意为“怒视；瞪眼”，也是不及物动词，其后要接介词at后才能接宾语。 They stood glaring at each other. 他们互相怒目而视地站着。 He glanced at his watch.他匆匆看了一下手表。 She glanced down the list of names. 她由上而下匆匆地看了一下名单。 She stared at him in surprise. 她惊讶地瞪着他看。 He was staring out to the sea. 他凝目眺望大海。 confirm 原文再现 After confirming that I was, Jenny said that she had noticed Id left my book in the library and as my name wasin it, shed asked a li