土木工程专业外文文献及翻译

1、学校代码：学 号:外文文献及翻译题 目： About Buiding on the Structure Design学生姓名：学院：土木工程学院系别：建筑工程系专业：土木工程（建筑工程方向）班级：土木08-4班指导教师：年六月英文原文：Building construction concrete crack ofprevention and processingAbstractThe crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual pro

2、blem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure.Keyword: Concrete crack prevention processingForewordConcrete's ising 1 kind is anticipate by the f

3、reestone bone, cement, water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is ex

4、actly because these beginning start blemish of existence just makethe concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy, defend Shen and a little bit other use function not a creation to after the concrete be subjected to lot

5、us carry, difference in temperature etc. function, tiny crack would continuously of expand with connect, end formation we can see without the aid of instruments of macro view the crack be also the crack that the concrete often say in the engineering.Concrete building and Gou piece usually all take s

6、ewer to make of, because of crack of existence and development usually makeinner part of reinforcing bar etc. material creation decay, lower reinforced concretematerial of loading ability, durable and anti- Shen ability, influence building of external appearance, service life, severity will threat a

7、rrive people's life and property lot of all of crash of engineeringsis because of the unsteady development of the crack with the result age science research with a great deal of of the concrete engineering practice certificate, in the concrete engineering crack problem is ineluctable, also accep

8、table in certainly of the scope just need to adopt valid of measure will it endanger degree control at certain of scope reinforced concrete norm is also explicit provision:Some structure at place of dissimilarity under the condition allow existence certain the crack of at under construction should a

9、s far as possible adopt a valid measure control crack creation, make the structure don't appear crack possibly or as far as possible decrease crack of amount and width, particularly want to as far as possible avoid harmful crack of emergence, insure engineering quality thus.Concrete crack creati

10、on of the reason be a lot of and have already transformed to cause of crack:Such as temperature variety, constringency, inflation, the asymmetry sink to sink etc. reason cause of crack;Have outside carry the crack that the function cause;Protected environment not appropriate the crack etc. caused wi

11、th chemical differentiation to treat in the actual engineering, work ° out a problem according to the actual circumstance.In the concrete engineering the familiar crack and the preventionSuo crack and preventionStem the Suo crack much appear after the concrete protect be over of a period of tim

12、e or concrete sprinkle to build to complete behind of around a the cement syrup humidity of evaporate would creation stem Suo, and this kind of constringency is can't Suocrack of the creation be mainis because of concrete inside outsidehumidity evaporate degree dissimilarity but cause to transfo

13、rm dissimilarity of result:The concrete is subjected to exterior condition of influence, surface humidity loss lead quick, transform bigger, inner part degree of humidity variety smaller transform smaller, bigger surface stem the Suo transform to be subjected to concrete inner part control, creation

14、 more big pull should dint but creation relative humidity is more low, cement syrup body stem Suo more big, stem the Suocrack be more easy the Suo crack is muchsurface parallel lines form or the net shallow thin crack, width manybetween mm, the flat surface part much see in the big physical volume c

15、oncrete and follow it more in thinner beamplank short to Suo crack usually the antiShen of influence concrete, cause the durable of the rust eclipse influence concrete of reinforcing bar, under the function of the water pressure dint would creation the water power split crack influence concrete of l

16、oading dint etc.Concrete stem the Suo be main with water ash of the concrete ratio, the dosage of the composition, cement of cement, gather to anticipate of the dosage of the property and dosage, in addition etc. relevant.Main prevention measure:While being to choose to use the constringency quantit

17、y smaller cement, general low hot water mire and powder ash from stove cement in the adoption, lower the dosage of is a concrete of stem the Suo be subjected to water ash ratio of influence more big, water ash ratio more big, stem Suo more big, so in the concrete match the ratio the design should as

18、 far as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use, the Chan add in the meantime accommodation of reduce is strict control concrete mix blend with under construction of match ratio, use of concrete water quantity absolute can't big in match ratio design give settle of use water is th

19、e earlier period which strengthen concrete to protect, and appropriate extension protect of concrete construction want to be appropriate extension concrete heat preservationtheto overlay time, and Tu2 Shua protect to is a constitution accommodation is in the concrete structure of the constringency s

20、ew.Su constringency crack and preventionSu constringency is the concrete is before condense, surface because of lose water quicker but creation of Su constringency crack is general at dry heat or strong wind the weather appear, crack's much presenting in the center breadth, both ends be in the c

21、enterthin and the length be different, with each other not coherent crack general long 20-30 cm, the longer crack can reach to a 2-3 m, breadth 1-5 creation of main reason is:The concrete is eventually almost having no strength or strength before the Ning very small, perhaps concrete just eventually

22、 Ning but strength very hour, be subjected to heat or compare strong wind dint of influence, the concrete surface lose water to lead quick, result in in the capillary creation bigger negative press but makea concrete physical volume sharply constringency, but at this time the strength of concrete ag

23、ain can't resist its constringency, therefore creation influence concrete Su constringency open the main factor of crack to have water ash ratio, concrete of condense time, environment temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity.etc.Main prevention measure:One is choose to use stem the Suo val

24、ue smaller higher Huo sour salt of the earlier period strength or commonthe Huo sour brine is strict the control water ash ratio, the Chan add to efficiently reduce water to increment the collapse of concrete fall a degree and with easy, decrease cement and water of is to sprinkle before building co

25、ncrete, water basic level and template even to soak is in time to overlay the perhaps dampgrass mat of the plastics thin film, hempslice etc., keep concrete eventually before the Ning surface is moist, perhaps spray to protect etc. to carry on protect in the concrete is in the heat and strong wind t

26、he weather to want to establish to hide sun and blockbreeze facilities, protect in time.to sink crack and preventionThe creation which sink to sink crack is because of the structure foundation soil quality not and evenly, loose soft or return to fill soil dishonest or soak in water but result in the

27、 asymmetry sink to decline with the result that;Perhaps because of template just degree shortage, the template propped up to once be apart from big or prop up bottom loose move etc. to cause, especially at winter, the template prop up at jelly soil up, jelly the soil turn jelly empress creation asym

28、metry to sink to decline and cause concrete structure creation kind crack many is deep enter or pierce through sex crack, it alignment have something to do with sinking to sink a circumstance, general follow with ground perpendicular or present 30 °s -45 ° Cape direction development, bigge

29、r sink to sink crack, usually have certain of wrong, crack width usually with sink to decline quantity direct proportion width under the influence of temperature variety foundation after transform stability sink to sink crack also basic tend in stability.Main prevention measure:One is rightness loos

30、e soft soil, return to fill soil foundation a construction at the upper part structure front should carry on necessity of Hang solid with is the strength that assurance template is enough and just degree, and prop up firm, and make the foundation be subjected to dint is keep concrete from sprinkle i

31、nfusing the foundation in the process is soak by is time that template tore down to can't be too early, and want to notice to dismantle a mold order of is at jelly soil top take to establish template to notice to adopt certain of prevention measure.crack and preventionTemperature crack muchthe o

32、ccurrence is in big surface or difference in temperature variety of the physical volume concrete compare the eartharea of the concrete after sprinkling to build, in the hardening the process, cement water turn a creation a great deal of of water turn hot, .(be the cement dosage is in the 350-550 kg/

33、m 3, each sign square the rice concrete will release a calories ofkJ and make concreteinternalthus the temperaturerise to reach to 70 or so evenhigher)Because the physical volume of concrete be more big, a great deal of of water turn hot accumulate at the concrete inner part but not easy send forth,

34、 cause inner part the temperature hoick, but the concrete surface spread hot more quick, so formation inside outside of bigger difference in temperature, the bigger difference in temperature resultin inner part and exterior hot the degree of the bulge cold Suo dissimilarity, make concrete surface cr

35、eation certain of pull should pull should dint exceed the anti- of concrete pull strength extreme limit, concrete surface meeting creation crack, this kind of crack much occurrence after the concrete under construction the concrete of under construction be difference in temperature variety more big,

36、 perhaps is a concrete to be subjected to assault of cold wave etc., will cause concrete surface the temperature sharply descend, but creation constringency, surface constringency of the concrete be subjected to inner part concrete of control, creation very big of pull should dint but creation crack

37、, this kind of crack usually just in more shallow scope of the concrete surface creation.The alignment of the temperature crack usually none settle regulation, big area structure the crack often maneuver interleave;The size bigger structure of the beamplank length, the crack run parallel with short

38、side more;Thorough with pierce through sex of temperature crack general and short side direction parallelism or close parallelism, crack along long side cent the segment appear, in the center more width the size be different, be subjected to temperature variety influence more obvious,winter compare

39、breadth, summermore concrete temperature crack that the heat inflation cause is usually in the center the thick both ends be thin, but cold Suo crack of thick thin variety not too emergence of the thiskind crack will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, the carbonization of concrete, the anti-

40、 jelly which lower concrete melt, anti- tired and anti- Shen ability etc.Main prevention measure:One is as far as possible choose to use low hot or mediumhot water mire, like mineral residue cement, powder ash from stove cement.etc.Twois a decrease cement dosage, cement dosage as faras possible the

41、control is in the 450 kg/m 3 is to lower water ash ratio, water ash of the general concrete ratio control below is improvement the bone anticipate class to go together with, the Chan add powder ash from stove or efficiently reduce water etc. to come to reduce cement dosageand lower water to turn is

42、an improvement concrete of mix blend to process a craft, lower sprinkle of concrete to build is the in addition that the Chanadd a have of fixed amount to reduce water and increase Su, slow Ning etc. function in the concrete, improvement the concrete mix to match a thing of mobility, protect water,

43、lower water to turn hot, postpone hotFeng of emergence is the heat season sprinkle to build can the adoption take to establish to hide sun plank etc. assistance measure controlconcrete of WenSheng, lower to sprinkle temperature of build the is the temperature of big physical volume concrete should t

44、he dint relate to structure size, concrete structure size more big, temperature should dint more big, so want reasonable arrangement construction work preface, layering, cent the piece sprinkle to build, for the convenience of in spread hot, let up is at great inner part constitution of the physical

45、 volume concrete cool off piping, cold water perhaps cold air cool off,let up concrete of inside outside difference in is the supervision which strengthen concrete temperature, adopt to cool off in time, protectionis to reserve temperature constringency to is to let up to control, sprinkle proper be

46、fore building concrete in the Ji rock and old concrete top build a 5 mm or so sand mat a layer or usage asphalt etc. material Tu2 is to strengthen concrete to protect, the concrete after sprinklebuild use moist grass Lian in time, hemp slice's etc. overlay, and attention sprinkle water to protec

47、t, appropriate extension protect time, assurance the concrete surface be slow-moving cool the cold season, concrete surface should constitution heat preservation measure, in order to prevent cold wave is the allocation be a little amount in the concrete of reinforcing bar perhaps add fiber material

48、concrete of temperature crack control at certain of scope inside.and prevention that the chemical reaction causeAlkalibone's anticipatingthe crack that reaction crack andreinforcingbar rust eclipse cause is the most familiar in the reinforcedconcrete structure of because of chemical reaction but

49、 cause of crack.The concrete blend a future reunion creation somealkalescence ion, these ion with some activity the bone anticipate creation chemical reaction and absorb surroundings environment in of water but the physical volume enlarge, make concrete crisp loose, inflation open this kind of crack

50、 general emergence concrete structure usage period, once appear very difficult remediable, so should at under construction adopt valid the measure carry on of prevention measure:While being to choose to anticipate with the alkali activity small freestone is the in addition which choose to use low ly

51、e mire with low alkali or have no is the Chan which choose to use accommodation with anticipate to repress an alkali bone to anticipate reaction.Because the concrete sprinkle to build, flap Dao bad perhaps is a reinforcing bar protection layer thinner, the harmful material get into concrete to make

52、reinforcing bar creation rust eclipse, the reinforcingbar physical volume of the rust eclipse inflation, cause concrete bulge crack, the crack of this kind type muchis a crack lengthways, follow the position of reinforcing bar of prevent measure from have:One is assurance reinforcing bar protection

53、the thickness of the is a concrete class to go together with to want is a concrete to sprinkle to note and flap Dao airtight is a reinforcing bar surface layer Tu2 Shua antisepsis coating.Crack processingThe emergenceof the crack not only would influence structure of whole with just degree, return w

54、ill cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, acceleration concreteof carbonization, lower durable and anti- ofconcrete tired, anti-Shen according to the property of crack andconcrete circumstance we want differentiation to treat, in time processing, with assurance building of safety usage.The repa

55、ir measure of the concrete crack is main to have the following somemethod:Surface repair method, infuse syrup, the Qian sew method, the structure reinforce a method, concrete displacement method, electricity chemistry protection method and imitate to living from heal method.Surface repair the method

56、 be a kind of simple, familiar of repair method, it main be applicable to stability and to structure loading the ability don't have the surface crack of influence and deep enter crack of processing measure that is usually is a surface in crack daubery cement syrup, the wreath oxygen gum mire or

57、at concrete surface Tu2 Shua paint, asphalt etc. antisepsis material, at protection of in the meantime for keeping concrete from continue under the influence of various function to open crack, usually can adoption the surface in crack glue to stick glass fiber cloth etc. measure.1, infuse syrup, the

58、 Qian sew methodInfuse a syrup method main the concrete crack been applicable to have influence or have already defend Shen request to the structure whole of repair, it is makeuse of pressure equipments gumknot the material press into the crack of concrete, gum knot the material harden behind andcon

59、crete formation one be whole, thus reinforce of in commonuse gumknot material has the cement the syrup, epoxy, A Ji C Xi sour ester and gather ammonia ester to equalize to learn material.The Qian sew a method is that the crack be a kind of most in commonuse method in, it usually is follow the crack dig slot, the Qian fill Su in the slot or rigid water material with attain closing crack of in common use Su material has PVC gum mire, plastics ointment, the D Ji rubberetc.;In commonu