新概念英语第三册笔记第44课上课教案

1、Lesson 44 Speed and comfort 速度和舒适New words and expression 生词和短语 s 生词短语positively adv.绝对地，完全地（used to emphasize that sth is true.绝对地，完全地，简直是 ） in positive way.can you really do it positively? 相当于 sure, of course, certainly, no problem.positively nonsense 纯属无稽之谈think positively 对十分有把握 （to think that y

2、ou are going to be successful）eg. He thinks positively about the partment n.分隔间或单间 （轮船的）密封舱k?m jutm ?nt1、（铁路客车车厢分隔成的）隔间2、（家具或设备等的）分隔间，隔层（多层的收纳箱）compart vt.分隔 cramped adj.窄小的 adj. limited in space 狭小的cramped room cramped office cramped train cramped writingcramp kr?mp n.抽筋，痉挛clamp n夹具的总称 v夹住

3、vice plier（vt.束缚，限制；使抽筋；以铁箍扣紧 n钳子；夹子（Also called cramp iron） also N in pl） have/get a cramp 什么地方抽筋了/be seized with cramp 被什么束缚, 限制roomy adj.空间大的，宽敞的 a roomy house a roomy car spacious spe?s adj.宽敞的 （is large in size or area） a spacious roomcapacious k?pe?s adj. able to contain a lot 容量大的（has a lot o

4、f space to put things in.容量大的 正式usu ADJ n常做定语） a capacious bag commodious k ?m?d?s adj.宽敞的（文） a commodious houseexpansive 寞sp?ns?v adj. （土地）辽阔，广阔的扩张的，健谈的，豪爽的an expansive village 面积很大的个村子stuffy st?fq adj.憋气的，闷气的（闷，不透气的，闷热的） 同义词：airlesseg. The room is getting stuffy.stifling sta ?fl ? adj.闷热的，令人窒息的 （h

5、ot and difficult to breathe in 热的难受的，令人感到压抑的）a stifling crowed carriage拥挤和闷热的火车车厢the stifling atmosphere of the court 法庭上令人拘谨的气氛 suffocating s?f?ket? adj.令人窒息的 suffocate vt&vi 使窒息 n窒息choke t?k vt.呛；使窒息；阻塞；抑制；扑灭 vi.窒息；阻塞；说不出话来n.窒息；噎；bad ventilation ,vent ?le?）n不好的通风monotonous m?n?t（?）n?s adj.枯燥的，乏味的（

6、adj.乏味，单调的，千篇一律boring because there is novariety）lead a monotonous lifemono-one, single 单一 m ?n?monoplane n.单翼飞机monopolist n.专禾U者，垄断者 monopoly n.专卖，专禾U权have/hold a monopoly on stheg. The government holds a monopoly on the postal services.I dont like the way of your teaching, it is monotonous.I hate

7、the monotonous rhythm of travelling by train.同义词：tedious 乏味的， 重点突出 long and uninteresting. （boring and frustrating.）dull = interestingI cant get along well with Mary, she is a dull girl.Look at that dull person.tiresome = tiring 由于疲劳而厌倦He is tried of sleeping on the floor, because he has done so for

8、 ten years.Long lasting meeting are tiring.You are a little bit tiresome.I am tired of doing so. - be tired ofI am bored with doing so. - be bored withrhythm r金（?）m n.有节奏的运动 （n.节奏；韵律；（身体、季节等的）规律性变化）the rhythm of heartbeat 心律 the rhythm of dancing 舞蹈的节奏the rhythm of swimming 游泳的节奏rhythmic r兔m?c adj.有

9、节奏的，有韵律的 rhythmic gymnastics 韵律操rhyme n.（诗歌中的）韵律；韵脚； n押韵短诗；用韵；押韵；押韵词（技巧或者用词等具体的东西）vt.使押韵；用韵诗表达；把写作诗vi.押韵；作押韵诗If one word rhymes with another or if two words rhymenursery rhymes 童谣click kl附v.发出咔哒声 vt.点击；使发咔哒声 vi.作咔哒声n.单击；滴答声，咔哒声lull l?l v.催人欲睡The mother lulled her baby to sleep. - lull sb to sleep.eg

10、. The monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.lullaby l ?l?ba? n.摇篮曲 催眠曲hypnotize h ?Dn?taZ v.催眠，给施催眠术hypnosis h ?jn?s?s催眠；催眠状态hypnotic h ?）n?t附安眠药；催眠状态的人adj.催眠的，催眠术的；易于催眠的snatch n.短时，片段1） to grab 明抢 eg. The thief snatched me and ran off.2） 抓紧时间, 乘机 eg. I manage

11、d to snatch an hours sleep on the train.3） snatch n.短时，片段（不限于指时间）in snatches 断断续续地in torrents 急流般地1、介词 in 2、复数形式sleep in snatches断断续续的睡了一会儿a snatch of conversation 一段谈话 a snatch of music 一段音乐 a snatch of song 一段歌曲 snatches of rain断断续续的雨in fits and starts断断续续 /by fits and starts fit合适；放置、安装；使胜任，适合；放的

12、下；cry in fits and starts（癫痫等的）突发；一阵； （强烈感情）发作fits of laughter 阵阵笑声 a fit of coughing 一阵咳嗽of and on/on and of 断断续续eg. The match works off and onhave 4 years of schooling on and off断断续续的受了四年教育spell spel n.连续不断的时间，一阵子v&n拼写；拼t软n.咒语；施的魔法；一段时间；魅力，魔力；休息期; a cold spell 一连几天的冷空气a foggy spell 一连数天的大雾in waves

13、一阵一阵地have pain in waves 一阵一阵地疼 eg. The pain comes in waves.sleeper n.卧铺（睡觉者）seat坐票 sleeper or seatsoft sleeper, hard sleeper, soft seat, hard seatfumble f?mb（?）l v.乱摸，摸索把手伸进书包找钥匙，也不去看，就摸来摸去（用双手笨手笨脚地）乱摸 to move with hands awkwardlyFumble for摸索着寻找什么东西fumble for keys fumble for tickets in the pocketfum

14、ble with笨手笨脚地做fumble with chopsticks fumble with fork and knifefumble ones way in the darkness 在黑暗中摸索前行He fumbled in his pocket for the key. 他在 口 袋里摸索着钥匙。inspection n.检查eg:卫生检查carry out an inspection 用介词 of 表示对象carry out an inspection of school carry out an inspection of prisoninspect vt.检查； 视察；检阅 v

15、i.进行检查；进行视察检查时 you look at every part of it carefully in order to find out about it or check that it is all right视察、检阅时： When an official inspects a place or a group of people, they visit it and check it carefully examine最普通用词，可指粗略地查看，也可指仔细观察或调查以确定事物的性质、功能、特点等。scan原义是仔细地检查分析，现用于指细看或浏饰。inspect侧重按一定质量

16、标准检查某物，找出不足或不同之处。investigate指为发现事实真相或了解掌握情况而讲行深入细致的现场考察。inspect passengers tickets inspect the troopsscrutinize skru:t ?na?z v.详细地查看（仔细察看） eg. The antique dealer scrutinized the painting closely. survey v.调察survey n.名词读作？s?ve?动词读作 s?v?you try to find out detailed information about a lot of different

17、 people or things, usually by asking people a series of questions.调查 do a survey Wr一调查/carry out a survey /conduct a survey a survey of modern English literature poll p ?l n.投票；民意测验；投票数；投票所 vt.投票；剪短；对一进行民意测验；获得选票vi.投票inquiry普通常用词，指正式调查，也指一般的打听或查询。survey多指为写书面报告而进行的民意测验或调查。investigation 一般指有系统的调查以得到希

18、望发现或需要知道的事。而进行长时间的调查研究。research指科学工作者等为揭示自然规律或获取某个领域的新知识inevitably adv.必然地Human beings are motal,so inevitably we make mistakes,no matter how wise and eminent you are.Inevitable adj.必然的，不可避免的inevitability?i,ev%?b?t? n 必然性invariable adj.总是，常常eg. His invariable answer is wait and see.destination n.目的地

19、exhaust v.使精疲力尽（注意其宾语，既可以是人的，可以是事物的）I am exhausted.我筋疲力尽了 exhaust ones energies 费尽气力 exhaust funds耗尽资金 同义词exhaust oneself弄得精疲力竭exhaust ones strength 费尽力气 exhaust patience 失去耐心be tired out: very tried after a lot of hard work, traveling etc.I am tired out.wear out 使疲劳，使磨损 be worn out: by working very

20、 hard and then be tired out Look, your dress is worn out. 瞧，你的衣服穿坏了After a days work hard, I am worn out. eg. I felt worn out after a sleepless night. knock sb out 把某人打昏，使疲劳Thats a miracle that the old lady knocked the boxer out.The arduous work knocked me out.这项艰难的工作使我筋疲力尽。fatigue f?ti?g使筋疲力尽，使疲劳（书

21、面）（金属、木材的）疲劳（概念上）The piece of work fatigues me.work to the bone累得筋疲力尽eg. The workaholic worked to the bone. spent adj. extremely tired 极度疲劳的 a spent runner a spent horse keep fresh精神饱满 full of beans精力充沛的motorway n.快车道（高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为 freeway或expressway）highway通常指市区外可以通行各种机动车辆的交通干线。route指从

22、此处通往彼处 的路线、路程等。avenue在美国，指城市中一侧或两侧建筑物林立的大道或马路；而在英国则常指通住乡村大住宅、私人大庄园或两旁栽树的道路 。trail指人或兽在森林、荒野或山中 踩出的小径或崎岖小道 。street尤指城市中的道路，往往一侧或两侧有高大建筑物；还可指城市小镇、近郊可供人、车、马行走的平坦道路。path多指由人或动物在田间、小丘或树丛中经常走动而踩出的小路，也指公园或花园等供人走的小径。motorway高速公路，新词，特指为车辆快速通行而修的专线，美语为 freeway或expresswayoway普通用词，含义广泛，可指各种路、道或通道，也可指抽象的道路。road指

23、连接两地间供行人或车辆使用的广阔平坦的大道，多指公路，也可用于引申意义。pavement在英国，多指街道两旁的人行道，而美国人常用sidewlk表示人行道。lane le?n指农村或城镇的小道或小径，车道（划线，行车，超车）；航线；也指小巷、胡同ferry n.渡船liner班船，游轮；内衬Vessel vesn轮船，大木船（非常正式的表达方式，用于文学体中，可以代替ship、boat）2、（人或动物的）血管，脉管；（植物的）导管Ship n.大船；舰艇 Boat n.小船，艇（比ship小，在非正式的场合可以替换）Lifeboat raft dinghy canoe warship subm

24、arineaircraft carrier destroyer 驱逐舰 Battleship 战歹U舰cruiser 巡洋舰kru:z r frigate ?Wt（小型）护卫舰cruise kru :z乘船游览；以平稳的速度行驶；巡行满载排水量72,808吨 大舰巨炮时代cruise kru :z n.巡游月台cruise乘船游览；以平稳的速度行驶；巡行 civilize v.使文明（使开化；西方的殖民思想）adj. civil公民的；民用的；文职的；有礼貌的；根据民法的civilized文明的；有礼貌的n. civilization 文明；文化civilisation （英）文明（等于 ci

25、vilization ）vi.civilise变成文明社会（等于civilize ）vt.civilise教化；文明化；使开化citizen n.公民；市民；老百姓civilian n.平民，百姓citizen指拥有某国国籍或有某地区合法身份的人，即公民。native指土生土长的本地居民。civilian指相对于军人或官员的平民百姓。resident多指长期居住或暂时居住的民民，有时也指旅居者。Reside r?za?i vi.住，居住；属于inhabitant最普通用词，一般指 常住居民。Inhabit vt.栖息；居住于；占据spacious spe?S adj.宽敞的Is your cl

26、assroom spacious?Our classroom is not so spacious as that one.I would like to lie in the spacious classroom instead of sitting here.同义词：rommya roomy housecapacious容量大的capacity容量commodious k?m?d?会脱敞的，便利的roomy and conventientThe cinema is commodious = The cinema is both roomy and convenient.expansive

27、易膨胀的， 广阔的Id like to appreciate expansive sea/ocean. 我喜欢欣赏浩瀚的海洋vast幅员辽阔的The desert in our country is vast, that is a major problemextensive 广泛的， 广阔的 extensive reading 泛读 intensive reading 精读You can enlarge your vocabulary by intensive reading.widespread 流传广的，分布广的The kind of news is widespread.far-rea

28、ching触及很远的，流传久远的I have a good idea and it is far-reaching.seasick adj.晕船的airsick 晕飞机的/ carsick 晕车的 bussick 晕公交车的bicyclesick 晕自行车的 homesick 想家的。dont negotiate with terrorists wont leave you hehindintimidate v.恐吓，恫吓 Nothing can intimidate me.美国官员对恐怖分子的态度intimidate v. 恫吓，威胁做某事（you deliberately make the

29、m frightened enough to do what you want them to do）（突出使害怕）timid t ?m?d adj.胆小，害羞的 intimidate sb into doing sth eg. The witness was intimidated into giving false testimony.threaten v.威胁 （对不服者给予惩罚）不服从我的话,我就要采取行动threaten to do sth threaten sb with stheg. Every time the young couple have words, the wife

30、 will threaten to divorce him.menace men?s （n.威胁；恐吓vi.恐吓；进行威胁 vt.威胁；恐吓）（系正式用词，用某种意志给以威胁） menace sb with sth/menace sb to do stheg. Two gangsters menaced us with weapons.eg. Heavy smoking menaces a person s health. 威胁到 （you mean that the first thing is likely to cause the second thing serious harm.威胁

31、）disadvantage n.短处，缺点Key/answer/shred/advantage/disadvantage/admission/damage + to 一起使用Exhilarating ?dz?ret? adj.使人高兴的 to make lively and cheerful; gladden; elate 非常高级的八级单词Exhilarate ?dz?ret vt.使高兴，使振奋；使愉快Im exhilarated by your visit.对于你的来访我是高兴极了。同义词：stimulate 刺激，激励 stimulate sb to do sth.Your coura

32、ge stimulated me to do so.inspire 激励（通过言辞）inspire sb to dostir st?鼓舞，鼓动 Who stired you to do it like this? v.搅拌；微动；（使）活动；激发，打动spur sp?刺激 His rude remarks spured me. n.马刺；鞭策encourage He always encourages me to study hard when I am unwilling to do so.Active adj.积极的；活跃的；主动的；有效的；现役的n.主动语态；积极分子Activate v

33、t. usu passive刺激；使活动；使活泼；使产生放射性vi.激活；有活力Initiate vt.启动，开始，创始；发起；使初步了解（传授）n.开始；新加入者，接受初步知识者Motive n.动机，目的；主题 adj.发动的；成为动机的vt.使产生动机，激起Motivate v.刺激，使有动机，激励/激发一的积极性；成为的动机；（ 激起某种行为）Escapist n.逍遥者（n.逃避现实者adj.逃避现实的）escapismn.逃避现实主义者something that helps you to forget about your normal life and think of mor

34、e pleasant thingshedonist hid ?n?5t n.享乐主义者 adj.享乐主义者的或者中性一点的“快乐主义者”sip v.呷，v.小口小口地喝，吸吮 drink a little at a time. n.吸吮- take a sip of 喝一点sip at martini 介词是 atIm really thirsty, would you mind me taking a sip of your coffee?Im so hungry that I want to have a taste of your cake.You can take a sip of m

35、y coffee, but my cake only belongs to me.Gulp g?lp v./n.很快很快地口M东西1 v&n大口吞下 2 v&n大口地吸eg. The thirsty cat gulped down a bottle of milk.take a gulp 迅速喝了一口swallow at one gulp/swallow in one gulp 一 口吞下slurp sl?p v./n. vt.出声地吃或喝vi.出声地吃或喝n.吃的声音；郭德纲模仿于谦吃饭声音to make a noisy sucking sound while drinking some k

36、ind of liquideg. Dont slurp your soup! drink coffee with a slurpdevour 1/狼吞虎咽地吃 2/如饥似渴地读champagne ?mpe ?i n.香槟酒法语一种富含二氧化碳的起泡白葡萄酒。原产于法国香槟省，故名refinement n.精心的安排n.精制，高雅，精心设计，安排refine r?fa? v.美化，优化，精炼 （vt.精炼，提纯；使改善，完善；使 文雅）再次，多次使其fineMake or become pure; cause to become more cultured, polished in manner

37、s; get rid of what is coarse or vulgar;improve by giving great attention to details宾语可以是各种事物或概念refine language 精炼语言refine manners使仪态优雅refine writing style 完善写作风格refine oil 提炼石油refine sugar精炼糖 a woman of great refinement 个举止文雅的女人注意这一句Coffee always refined us. Coffee always made us fresh.breathtaking

38、adj.激动人心的The picture takes my breath. 这幅画太美了。The girl takes my breath.The beautiful dress takes my breath.decide to go for a trip 决定旅行We decided to go for a breathtaking trip.Heartbreakingsoar s?v.高飞v. to fly 高飞，翱翔eg. The plane soared high above the clouds. We cant soar in the blue sky.eg. The price

39、s soar highly 物价飞涨soaringadj.高飞的，翱翔的a soaring eagle展翅高飞的雄鹰a soaring prices飞涨的物价 a soaring ambition 壮志凌云a soaring skyscraper高耸的建筑物sore s? adj.疼痛的，痛心的，剧烈的 n.溃疡，痛处；恨事，伤心事a sore throatsour sa? adj.酸的 adj.酸的；发酵的；刺耳的；酸臭的；讨厌的vi.发酵；变酸；厌烦 vt.使变酸；使失望n.酸味；苦事go sour变酸effortlessly adv.不费力地landscape n.景色= extraor

40、dinary sight 风景；风景画；景色；山水画；乡村风景画；地形；vt.对一做景观美化，给一做园林美化；从事庭园设计西红柿首富，里面的常远vi.美化(环境等)，使景色宜人；从事景观美化工作，做庭园设计师同义词：scenery自然风光 secne场面 view透过窗户看到的景色Our classroom doesnt have a good view.The rising sun in Tai Mountain is a spectacle.sight侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色。也指人造景物或奇特 的景色。scene指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可

41、人工造成的。scenery指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。view普通和词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色。landscape多指在内陆的自然风光。fresh adj.精神饱满的新鲜的 新加的ADJ n“一轮新的调查”、新近的、新颖的、清新的 2、精力充沛的 3、刚从一来的;刚经历过 的v-link ADJ from/out of nIf you are fresh from a particular place or experience, you have just come from that place or you have just had that experience. You

42、 can also say that someone is fresh out of a place a fresh man Look at that guy, he is really fresh.Uncrumpled adj. 没有跨下来He went home fresh and uncrumpled.Crumple kr ?mp(?)l vt.弄皱；使一蹶不振vi.起皱；倒坍;一蹶不振 n.皱纹；褶皱 crumpled adj 褶皱的Wrinkle r ?kl n.皱纹vi.起皱vt.使起皱纹Uncrumple ?nkr?mpl v.去掉的皱纹，弄平Notes on the Text

43、课文注释People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air.by land/by sea/by air现在分词短语修饰peoplePeople who travel long distance frequently.frequently 定期地，经常地 quite often have to decide = have to make up their mind. would rather; would sooner 要和动

44、词原形搭配 had better do 最好做. would perfer to do. would rather do.Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours.hardly + anyone 等不定式时不倒装，在这相当于 nobody; 或 nearly nobody, virtually nobody.Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your m

45、ind off the journey. take your mind off 摆脱的困扰1、stop thinking of something2、off的意思，远离比较火公式英语eg. Hard work is the best way to take your mind off your problems.eg. Hard work is the best way to keep you occupied.take years off you 使看上去年轻一些take make-up of 卸妆set/put sbs mind at rest 使某人安心，让人放心eg. As soon

46、as I take off the plane, I call my mother to put her mind at rest.turn your mind to 转移注意力eg. I begin to take my mind off the journey and turn it to the fancy-dress party.Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep.partial

47、adj. not complete 部分的，局部的 a partial success 只成功了吾日make a partial recovery 有所好转of the wheels clicking on 整体是介词of的宾语结构，动名词短语，其中出现了逻辑主语wheelsDuring the day, sleep comes in snatches.Come in以什么样的样子、形式呈现、出现、表现分开看，come出现、来、呈现 in以什么样的形式sleep comes in snatches =sleep in snatches eg. Between night and day, sl

48、eep can not e what may: whatever happens eg. Come what way, Ill be with you.eg. As it comes, Im not fussy.大惊小怪的，爱挑剔的At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. 关于副词so的用法If so.To do so.If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at

49、 the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection.Enough toA sleeper 一张卧铺票，一个卧铺铺位，引申出以卧铺的形式出行Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.arrive exhausted形容词做伴随状语arrive fresh and uncrumpled 精神焕发，毫无倦意 wash clean lick clean die young drink hotThe writer

50、 emphasizes disadvantage of travelling by train.Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read.Travelling by car is more unpleasant than travelling in the train. 注意这里even的灵活使用On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than n

51、ot, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic.fairly的语气最弱的more often than not/as often as not/ as soon as not 多半，常常more often than not 主要用在书面语言当中，means very often .usually, frequentlyeg. More often than not, I lose the key to my bicycle!By compa

52、rison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts.by comparison相比较而言，通过对比comforts在这儿指代 serviceoffer = provideYou can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food-always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm.Rudder

53、?d?（r）n.舵（飞机或者船的）Full right/left rudder右满舵，左满舵Screw 螺旋桨 anchor ?k锚 ankle 脚踝，踝 deck 甲板 compartment 密封舱Screw n.螺丝钉；螺丝；（对螺丝的）旋拧；诈骗（钱财等）v.用螺丝固定（或拧牢）;旋紧;拧紧;拧上去Always assuming是一个插入语，对前面的内容进行条件上的补充说明。当然，得在什么情况下。Assume主观的，没有根据的推测，presume客观的，根据已由状况或者经验的推测。If it is not, and you are likely to get sea-sick, no

54、form of transport could be worse.be likely to do 有可能. it is probable thatno could be worse （the worst）/couldnt be worse糟的不能再糟了no could be better （the best）/couldnt be better 好的不能再好了could not be +形容词比较级 can not be +形容词比较级no . could beNobody can be more beautiful than you.No place can/could be better.

55、没有什么地方比这儿更好eg. Your suggestion couldnt be better. eg. The weather couldnt be worse!eg. It couldnt be worse to have a real skeleton in the cupboard!Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time.Even if即便，让步，非虚拟Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holidays time for the

56、pleasure of travelling by sea.relatively相对来讲be prepared to做好什么样的准备，后面如果加上消极的概念，则是发自内心，主动选择意sacrifice sth for sth 为什么牺牲什么Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous eg. Chicago had the reputation of being full of violence and even its local people are more often than not intimidated.Reputation of:这种结构其实是介词短语做定语，下定义，解释Harden v.（使）变硬，变坚固；更严肃；（使）变坚强；（使）变冷酷；变明确；（股票等）升水Hardened adj.变硬的；