裕兴新概念第二册学习笔记3课

1、Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card请给我寄张明信片一、单词讲解：【New words and expressio ns】生词和短语(11)sen d(se nt/se nt/se nding)v.寄，送postcardn.明信片spoil spoiled(spoilt)v.使索然无味，损坏museumn.博物馆publicadj.公共的frie ndlyadj.友好的waitern.服务员，招待员len d(le nt/lent/lending)v.借给decisi onn.决定wholeadj.整个的send 寄，送，派遣，打发派遣，cause sb to go o

2、r sth to be take n without going on eself (se nd/ sen t/se nt )1) 加双宾语send sb sth = send sth to sb把东西寄给某人eg. Send me a postcard = Send a postcard to me寄给我一张明信片.eg. I sent my mother a present on Mother ' day.在母亲节那天我寄给妈妈一份礼物。=1 sent a present to my mother on Mother ' day.2) 加单宾语send sth寄什么东西se

3、nd a letter寄信send a parcel寄包裹send the childre n to bed打发孩子去睡觉3）send sb my love = give sb my love 代我向. 致意eg. Please send your sister my love. =Please send my love to your sister. 请把我的问候带给你的姐姐。eg. Please say hello to your brother. = Please say hi to your brother. （ 口语） eg. Remember me to your pare nts

4、.代我问候你的父母。（正式的表达）Give my regards to your pare nts.（更为正式的表达）4） send for sb/send for sth.派人去请某人/派人去叫某物send for a doctor派人去叫医生send for a taxi去叫一辆出租车区别：take :强调某人亲自送；eg. take flowers to his wife （自己送）他亲自送花给自己妻子.send则是通过第三人去送,eg. Se nd flowers to his wife （叫店里的人送） 他叫人送花给自己妻子.postcard n.明信片card卡片；贺卡a Chri

5、stmas card圣诞卡a birthday card生日卡a get-well card康复卡an ide ntity card身份证a post card明信片cards 纸牌a pack of cards一副纸牌1) one ' best card = one' stron gest card 某人最好的一张牌，王牌，绝招2) give sb his cards开出，解雇某人(非正式表达)3) lay one ' cards on the table = put one ' cards on the table 摊牌post n. /v. 由 E，寄po

6、st-bag由E袋post-box (U.S.: mail box)邮筒，邮;箱post-code邮政编码post office由隔postma n (U.S.: mailma n)由 E递员post mark由E戳post-free免付邮资的，邮资已付的post-paid邮资已付的spoil-spoiled-spoiled-spoili ng 使索然无味，损坏，破坏，糟蹋 spoil-spoilt-spoilt英式英语中多用不规则形式：eg. dream t; spoilt (Br)美式英语中多用规则形式：eg. dreamed; spoiled (Am)不管英式或美式英语，用过去分词作定语

7、的时候，只用不规则形式。a spoilt child一个被惯坏的孩子spoilt milk坏了的牛奶a misspelt word拼错的字1）v. 破坏，使没劲 make sth useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ru。eg. Bad weather spoilt our holidays.坏天气破坏了我们的假期。eg. The bad n ews spoilt my day.这个坏消息让我一天不开心破坏了我一天的心情。eg. Postcards always spoil my holidays.明信片总是破坏我的假期。2）v.娇惯，宠坏，溺爱eg.

8、That little girl is terribly spoilt her parents give her everything she asks for.那个小女孩被惯坏了，他的父母亲给她任何她想要的东西。eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child.（谚）孩子不打不成器。eg. Everybody enjoys being spoilt from time to time.谁都喜欢偶尔被人宠一下。museum n.博物馆museum piece1）适合博物馆展览的精品2）老古董（贬）eg. This old radio of yours is a bit

9、 of museum piece; it is about time you got a new one.你这个旧收音机早该进博物馆了，早该换个新的了。public1） adj.公众的，与公众有关的（通常做定语）反义词private都做定语a public garde n公园public affairs公事public educati on民众教育public health民众健康public libraries公共图书馆the public highway公路2) n.公众，民众the public民众，公众in public=openly公开的,公然的(反义词：in private私自的，

10、私下的)eg. She apologized to the public in public for her mistakes.她公开的向公众对她所犯的错误道歉。frie ndlyadj.友好的friend n.朋友1) make friends with sb和某人交朋友2) A frie nd in n eed is a friend in deed.患难朋友才是真的朋友。3) close frie nds密友bosom frie nd矢口己4) boy friend/girl friend男朋友/女朋友frie ndlyadj. 友好的frien dly n ati ons友邦a fri

11、e ndly smile一个友好的微笑a frie ndly welcome友好的欢迎a frie ndly manner友好的态度ly结尾的形容词：friendly/lonely 孤独的/silly蠢的/brotherly兄长般的/lovely 可爱的/deadly致命的/likely 可能的（饭店 旅馆，餐厅等）饭店，waiter（饭店，旅馆，餐厅等）服务员lend sb sth=le nd sth to sb借给某人某物borrow sth for sb向某人借某物eg. Can you lend me 200 Yuan?你能借给我200块钱吗？I'Ipay you back t

12、omorrow.我明天就还给你。eg. I lent that CD to Joh n but n ever got it back. 我把cd借给John 了，但是再也拿不回了。lend sb a hand = give sb help 帮谁忙end sb an ear（耐心地）倾听be liv ing on borrowed time大难不死len der出借人，贷方borrower借东西的人，借方decisi on n.决定decide v. 决定decide to do决定做某事make up one s mi nd to do 下定决心做eg. I decided to study

13、ano ther foreig n Ian guage.我决定再学一门语言。=I made up my mind to study ano ther foreig n Ian guage.eg. With so many choices, it's hard to decide which to buy.这么多选择，真不知道该买哪个。eg. It' difficult to decide betwee n the two.这两者之间很难选择。make a decisi on做出决定reach a decisi on做出决定come to a decisi on做出决定arriv

14、e at a decisi on做出决定eg. On the last day of my holiday, I made a big decisi on.在我假期的最后一天，我做出一个重大决定.eg. Anyone who lacks decision shouldn'be a leader.那些缺乏决定能力的人是不能当领导的。whole1) adj.完全的，整体的，全部的 相当于entire; complete作为形容词，作定 语来使用。a whole day一整天three whole days三整天the whole country全国the whole world全世界，环球

15、eg. Let' forget the whole affair.我们忘了这件事情吧。把它彻底忘掉吧。=Let ' forget the whole matter/thing.2) n.整个，整体eg. Four quarters make a whole.四个四分之一构成一个整体.quarter n.四分之一，一季度，一刻钟eg. Cut the apple into quarters.把苹果切成四瓣。half n. 半eg. Two halves make a whole.两个一半构成一个整体。Half of the work is done.一半工作被完成了。as a w

16、hole总的来说，整个地on the whole基本上，总的来说，一般来讲eg. On the whole, I agree with your decisi on. 总的来说，我同意你的观点。wholesale批发wholesaler批发商retail零售retail dealer/retail trader零售商sin gle1) adj.唯一的，单一的only one a sin gle letter唯一的一圭寸信a si ngle apple hanging from the tree树上挂着唯一的苹果a sin gle ticket单程票a round ticket /a retur

17、n ticket往返票2) adj.未婚的，独身的sin gle men and wome n单身男女married已婚的3) adj.单独一个人使用的a sin gle bed单人床a double bed双人床a si ngle room单人间a double room双人间4) adj.sin gle-pare nt单亲a sin gle-par ent family一个单亲家庭二、关键句型 Key Structures Simple past 一般过去时1. 功能：表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间之内发生的动作或情况，通常 搭配过去的某一段时间。eg. We visited the s

18、chool last year.我们去年参观了这个学校。2. 构成形式:1) 规则变化： v. + ed walked / happe ned不规则变化： eat - ate/go - went/see - saw/come - came2) be - was /wereeg. I was n'in yesterday.我昨天不在家。eg. I went to school by bike whe n I was young. 当我年轻的时候我骑车去上学。体会动词的过去式Policema n: Did you see the accide nt, sir?先生，你看到那个事故了吗？Ma

19、n: Yes, I did The driver of that car hit that post over there. did.是的，我看到了。那个司机撞倒那个杆子上去。hit - hit - hitP: What happe ned?M: A dog ran across the road and the driver tried to avoid it. The car sudde nly came towards me. It climbed on to the paveme nt and crashed intothat post.一条狗穿过马路，那位司机企图躲开狗。突然，汽车朝

20、我开过来。它走上 人行道，撞倒那根杆子上。Paveme nt:人行道P:What did you do?你做了什么？M:I ran across the street after the dog.我穿过马路去追狗。P:Why did you do that? Were you afraid of the car?你为什么这样做呢？你怕汽车吗？M: I wasn 'afraid of the car. I was afraid of the driver. The driver got out of the car and bega n shout ing at me. He was v

21、ery angry with me. You see, it wasIt is so nice to see you.般过去时的练习：my dog.Her brother was an artist.他的哥哥是一个艺术家。（Was表示已去世）Her brother is an artist.他的哥哥是一个艺术家。（尚健在）That' all I had to say.That' all I have to say.这是我要说的。（话已说完） 这是我要说的。（言之未尽）我不怕汽车.我怕那个司机.那个司机下车并对我大喊.你知道,那是我的狗.般过去时与一般现在时的区别：It was

22、so nice to see you.我真高兴见到你。（离别时说）我真高兴见到你。（见面时说）My friend, Roy, died (die) last year. He left (leave) me his CD player andhis collection of CDs. Roy spent (spend) a lot of money on CDs. He bought (buy) one or two new CDs every week. He never went (go) to the cinema or to the theatre. He stayed (stay)

23、 at home every evening and listened (listen) to music. He often lent (lend) CDs to his friends. Sometimes they kept (keep) them. He lost (lose) many CDs in this way.died/ left/ spent/ bought/ went/ stayed/listened/lent/kept/lost.三、课文讲解【TextPostcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to I

24、taly. I visited museums and sat in public garde ns. A frie ndly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not un dersta nd a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my frie nds. On the last

25、 day I made a big decisi on. I got up early and bought thirty-seve n cards. I spe nt the whole day in my room, but I did not write a sin gle card!明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁.去年夏天,我去了意大利.我参观了博物 馆,还去了公园.一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语.之后还借给我一本 书.我读了几行，但一个字也不懂.我每天都想着明信片的事.假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片.到了最后一天,我作出了一项重大 决定.我早早起了床,买来了 3

26、7张明信片.我在房间里关了整整一天.然而竟 连一张明信片也没写成！Postcards always spoil my holidays.明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁.always总是(频度副词)holiday a holiday 一天的假期holiday较长的假期go on holiday去度假be on holiday正在度假holidays较长的假期，不能指一天的假期vacati on1）法定假日（宗教假日，国家庆典）英美都用holiday2）每年的例行休假（Br）holiday （U.S.） vacationleave雇员因某种原因而获准的休假ask for a leave请假take F

27、rench leave （英）/ leave in an English style （法）不辞而另ULast summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public garde ns.去年夏天,我去了意大利.我参观了博物馆,还去了公园. Italy意大利Italian意大利语；意大利人 （注意发音）public garde n公园A frie ndly waiter taught me a few words of Italia n.一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语. teach sb. sth.教给某人某事（双宾语现象）t

28、each myself En glish自学英语teach / give sb. a less on教训某人一顿teach sb. to do sth.教某人去做某事teach fish to swim / teach your gran dmother to suck eggs班门 弄斧teach指某一学科或某种技能的各种教育程度（正式或不正式）educate知识和智慧全面的培养，通常由学校进行的正规教育coach非正规的教导，可能为某一学科进行（考试）辅导，或对体育运动的指导n.教练train训练，使在行为，技能或体能上达到要求in struct教授某人学校科目；传授某人技巧；指导；命令

29、wordn.1) 词 new words and expressions 生词以及短语2) 话，语言eg. I don 'believe a word of his story.他的故事我一个字都不相信。Acti ons speak louder tha n words.行动胜于语言。（Idiom）3）消息eg. Word came that he had run into trouble.有消息传来他陷入麻烦了。have a word in sb ' ear和说句悄悄话have word from sb.听到，收到的消息have a word with sb.和说一句话hav

30、e words with sb.和吵架Then he lent me a book. I read a few lin es, but I did notun dersta nd a word.之后还借给我一本书.我读了几行，但一个字也不懂.Lend sb sth/le nd sth to sb借给某人某东西 thi nk about + n. / doi ng思考，思索，回想，想起，可以指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事=think of考虑，想起，记起eg. Do you ofte n think about your childhood?你总是想起你的童年时代吗？I thought abou

31、t postcards. = I thought of postcards.我回想起明信片.thi nk ahead (to sth.)预先计划，预想thi nk back回想，追忆think for yourself独立思考，自行决定think sth. over仔细考虑，慎重思考My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my frie nds.假期过得真快,可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片.1) pass v.过去了 (passed) 已经过去2) se nd sb sth=se nd sth to sb寄给某人某东

32、西On the last day I made a big decisi on.到了最后一天,我作出了一项重大决定. last summer里的last表示 “上一个” last:表示 “上一个” 或 “最后 一个”,表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要 用onI got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a sin gle card!我早早起了床,买来了 37张明信片.我在房间里关了整整一天.然而竟连一张 明信片也没

33、写成！ spendsb. spend time / money / energy on sth.某人花费时间/金钱/精力在某事上 sb. spend time/money/energy (in)doing sth.某人花费时间/金钱/精力来做某事 eg. He spe nds money as if he were a milli on aire.他花起钱来就好像他是个百万富翁一样。(虚拟语气)She spe nds all her money and time on clothes. 她花费所有的钱和时间在买服装上了.She spe nds all her money and time (i

34、n) buying clothes.I spe nt a whole hour (in) expla ining the importa nee of lear ning En glish to him.我花了整整一个小时的时间向他解释学习英语的重要性.四、难点 Special Difficulties -过去式功能：动词过去式表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。 英语中有些动词可以加双宾语，这些动词大多具有“给予”的含义。eg. He lent me a book. (me:间接宾语)(a book:直接宾语)一般间接宾语置 于直接宾语之前，一旦间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，间接宾

35、语前要加 to或 for来表达。to表示动作对谁所做，表示方向性；for表示为了谁所做，是目 的性。eg. He lent me a book. /He lent a book to me.He sent me a card. /He sent a card to me.He passed me the salt./He passed the salt to me.He bought me a tie./He bought a tie for me.She made me a cake. /She made a cake for me.Exercise: 改写下列句子1) He paid th

36、e shopkeeper some mon ey.He paid some money to the shopkeeper.2) He han ded me the prize.He han ded the prize to me.3) The waiter brought a bottle of beer to the man.The waiter brought the man a bottle of beer.4) He sold all his books to me.He sold me all his books.5) The shop assista nt found some

37、curta in material for me.The shop assista nt found me some curta in material.6) He did me a big favour. (do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙)He did a big favour for me.7) She showed her husba nd her new hat.She showed her new hat to her husba nd.8) She promised a reward to the fin der.She promised the fin der a r

38、eward.9) He gave his son some advice.He gave some advice to his son.10) His un cle left him some mon ey.His un cle left some money to/for him.11) He is teaching English to us.He is teach ing us En glish.12) I bought this bunch of flowers for you. (Bunch of flowers 一束鲜花)I bought you this bunch of flo

39、wers.13) Bring that book to me please.Bring me that book please.14) He offered me a cigarette.He offered a cigarette to me.15) Read me the first paragraphRead the first paragraph for me.16) I 'e ordered some soup for you.I'e ordered you some soup.17) I owe him a lot of mon ey.I owe a lot of

40、money to him.18) Pass the mustard to your father. (Mustard 芥末)Pass your father the mustard.After dinner, mustard.马后炮五、练习 Exercises1. He was a frie ndly waiter. He spoke to the writer.A. friend 朋友 B. as friends作为朋友C. like friends 像朋友一样D. in a friendly way 以友好的方式2. On the last day he made a big decisi

41、 on .It was theday of his holiday.A. final最后的B. end最后，结束C. latest最近的，最新的D. bottom 底部，末端3. He didn 'write a single card. So he.A. wrote only one 只写了一张B. didn 'write even one 甚至一张都没写C. wrote just one只写了一张D. wrote all the cards except one 除了一张没写其他都写了4. There is n eed to check theof the report.A

42、. freque ncyn.频率濒繁B. accuracy n.准确性，精确度C. emergency n.紧急情况D. efficiency n.效率，效能A. freque nt adj.频率很高的,经常的B. accurate adj.准确的，精确的C. emerge nt adj.紧急的D. efficient adj.有效率的，效率很高的六、复习Review1. 时态：一般过去时,描述过去某时发生的动作，或者描述过去出现的状态的 时候也使用过去时。eg. Last week, I went to the theatre.上周，我去看戏了。I met an old friend in

43、the street this morning.今天早上我在大街上看到一个老朋友。I was a lawyer before.我以前是个律师。They quarreled yesterday.昨天他们吵架了。一般过去时描述的过去某时做了某事或过去某时出现的状态。2. 双宾语现象：通常表示给予的动词，可以将人和物同作为宾语。pay sb money =pay money to sb付给某人钱pass sb sth =pass sth to sb递给某人某物时buy sb sth =buy sth for sb买给某人某物时to表示方向性，for表示目的性。eg. I made a cake fo

44、r you.=I made you a cake.His father left him a lot of mon ey.= His father left a lot of money to/for him.3. Main Words:1) send寄，送，派遣，打发send sb sth寄给某人某东西send my love to sb代我问候某人。2) spoil v.破坏，使无味；宠爱，惯坏spoil/spoiled/spoiled/spoilt/spoilt/spoilteg. Spare the rod and spoil the child.孩子不打不成器。3) public a

45、dj.公共的，公开的 反义词：private4) friend n.朋友make frie nd with sb和某人交朋友frie ndlyadj.友好的a frie ndly waiter一个友好的服务员5) lent借出lend sb sth / le nd sth to sb借给某人某物lend sb a hand帮某人一个忙borrow借入borrow sth from sb从某人那借入某物6) decisi on n. 决定make a decisi on to do sth下定决心做某事decide v.决定决定做某事decide to do sth =make up one &

46、#39; mind to do sth7) whole adj.整个的，全部的 the whole world全世界a whole day一整天n.整个，整体eg. Two halves make a whole.两个一半是个整体。8） singleadj.唯一的，单一的，单人用的，单身的a si ngle card唯一的一张卡片a sin gle bed单人床a si ngle girl单生女孩sin gle pare nt单亲七、补充内容量词1. a belt of一条狭长的（地带，水域）a belt of volca noes火山地带eg. A belt of trees encircl

47、ed the field.一条林带把田围住了。2. a bit of 一点儿，一些；一小块，一小片a bit of land一小块地a little bit of cheese一小块干酪单词辨析:sendsend mean: cause sb to go or sth to be take n without going on eselfv.寄，送，派遣，打发（send/sent/sent）1）加双宾语send sb.（间接宾语）sth.（直接宾语）=send sth. to sb寄给某人某物许多及物动词后可以有两个宾语，直接宾语通常是动作所涉及的事物，间 接宾语表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，

48、通常是人。这类动词有: give, show, send, brin g, le nd, tell, retur n, write, pay, teach, make, buy, find等。通常间接宾语在前，紧跟动词；不过，如想要强调直接 宾语，也可将它置于动词之后、间接宾语之前，其前必须加to（对而言）方向 性或for（为而做）目的性；可以翻译为”给” “替” “为”的，就用for;如 果只能翻译为“给”的,就用to与for相连的buy,order,make,finddo sb. a favor帮某人一个忙eg. Do me a favor please. => Do a favor

49、 for me.帮我一个忙2）加单宾send sth. 寄东西send sb. 派遣，打发某人eg. Send the childre n to bed打发孩子去睡觉3）send sb. my love / give sb. my love 代向致意eg. Please send your sister my love. = Please send my love to your sister.请把我的问候带给你的姐姐。Please say hello to your brother. = Please say hi to your brother.代我问候你的哥哥。（比较口语的表达方式）Re

50、member me to your pare nts.代我问候你的父母亲。（比较正式）Give my regards to your pare nts.把我的问候带给你的父母亲。（更为正式）4） send for sb.派人去请/ send for sth.派人去叫eg.Se nd for a doctor派人请医生send for a taxi去叫一辆出租车区别：take :强调某人亲自送；eg. take flowers to his wife （自己送）他亲自送花给自己妻子.send则是通过第三人去送,eg. Se nd flowers to his wife (叫店里的人送)他叫人送花

51、给自己妻子. postcard n.明信片card 卡片；贺卡a get-well card康复卡an ide ntity card身份证cards 纸牌a pack of cards一副纸牌1) one ' best card / onefs stron gest card某人的王牌，绝招2) give sb his cards开除，解雇3) lay / put one ' cards on the table摊牌post n. / v.由E, 寄post-bag由E袋post-box (U.S. mail box)邮筒，由post-code邮政编码postman (U.S.

52、 mailman) 邮递员post mark由E戳post-free(邮件)免付邮资的，邮资已付的美式英语中多用规则形式：eg. dreamed; spoiled （Am）过去分词作定语时，用不规则形式。a spoilt child一个被惯坏了的孩子spoilt milk已经坏了的牛奶a misspelt word拼错的字1）v. make sth. useless, valueless or unsatisfactory; ruin使索然无味，破坏，毁了某人心情2）v.娇惯，宠坏，溺爱（尤指儿童）eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child.（谚）孩子不打不成器

53、。/棍棒出孝子。Everybody enjoys being spoilt from time to time.谁都喜欢偶尔被人宠一宠。几种破坏：break打破break the wi ndows打破玻璃damage破坏,程度不一定很重destroy破坏，彻底摧毁以上三个是指物理上的破坏,而spoil主要指精神上spoil:把东西的质量 变得不好；生活中不顺心的事； museum n.博物馆Palace Museum 故宫Museum piece1）适于博物馆展览的精品2）（贬）老古董eg. This old radio of yours is a bit of museum piece; i

54、t is about time you got a new one.你这个旧收音机该进博物馆了，早该换个新的了。 public1) adj.公众的，与公众有关的(尤作定语)privatepublic affairs公事public educati on民众教育public health民众健康the public highway公路public house/pub酒吧2)n.公众，民众：the publicin public=ope nly公开的，公然的in private私自的，私下的(介词短语在英语中往往充当状语)eg. She apologized to the public in public for her mistakes.她公开地向公众对她所犯的错误表示道歉。friend n.朋友1) make frie nds with sb.和某人交朋友2) A frie nd in n eed is a frie nd in deed.患难朋友才是真正的朋