雅思图表写作讲义资料

1、14图表写作一总述1任务要求：考生在 20分钟内完成150个单词的小文章。2 内容：图表（line graph, bar chart, pie chart, table, diagram）3 文体：summary4考察能力：客观地描述图形信息；进行比较和对比；对非个人性的话题提供报告，不掺杂个人意见；使用图形描述语言。Note:这里涉及到考试三原则一一objectivity客观性原则（考生进行描述是不能有任何脸型 式的个人观点），carefulness周密性原则（有时作文题会安排一个隐藏着的特征信息，考察 考生的观察能力和横向比较能力，考生若能发现并加以描述，可以得到一个印象分，如没发现，则正

2、常阅卷），accuracy精确性原则（考生须用准确生动的语言对数据进行描述）5考生对图表题所存在的三个问题：? 对于写作当中的套用句掌握不充分? 对于不同图表的破题思路存在问题? 连接方面存在困难二图表题总的认识1各种题型的侧重点运 动 趋 势曲 线 图难点：把握曲线的走向和趋势需要在第二段开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类；在分类描述每个阶段的specific trend冋时倒入数据作为分类的依据柱 状 图难点：通过比较找出相同点，和对比找出不同点即需要横向总结所有柱状图的共性特征，也要分别描写各个柱子的个性特 征。饼 状 图比较好写，但要注意如何丰富百分比的表达和“占”的表达。注：写

3、作时不要一直用数字加百分比的格式，如25%，这样很难拿高分。特定的数字可以采用多样性的表达，如圆 25%= a quarter of, 50%= half of,> 50%= a/ the majority of静 止 趋 势表 格考查列举数字的能力和方法，怎样通过一些有代表性的数据来说明问题。/时间（12句）2.图表作文结构? 引言段：对图表主题作总介绍（关于什么主题的什么图? 正文段：? 1）对图表进行总的概述或解说用（12句）? 2）对图表所包含的信息进项详细的分析和比较（23段）? 结尾段：对所描述的图表信息进行总结（12句）三、图表题写作1 .审题：?-先看文字信息-把握主题?

4、-再看图标信息-把握具体信息? Eg. p28? 横坐标：时间1950 1996 （时态？）? 纵坐标：数据（单位？）? 图表标题：world grain harvested area,1950-19962.I ntroduction写作通过改写题目(同义词转换，句式结构改変，增减细节)完成引言段写作? Eg.请改写P28的题目?比较原题与改写后的introduction有什么不同之处：? The graph below shows the area of land from which grain was harvested.? This line graph above illustrat

5、es the total world grain harvested areas in millions of hectares betwee n 1950 and 1996.? 同义词 转换：show- illustrate， reveal， depict, dem on strate, compare, give some information about ,? 句式转换：the total grain harvested areas? 增加细节：in millio ns of hectares , between 1950 and 1996注意：为避免plagiarism, 一定要对题

6、目进行改头换面。Eg.1) The two pie charts show the prop orti on of males and females in employment in 6 broadcategories. 更换词语The two pie charts give the proportion of men and women employed in 6 broad areas.2) The two pie charts show the proportion of males and females in employment in 6 broadcategories.更换句式

7、结构? The two pie charts show, in 6 broad categories, the prop orti on of males and females in employme nt.图表作文开头段落常见语言结构:Type of chartverb主题描述Thegraph pie chart bar chart table illustrati onshows illustrates p rese nts de picts reveals comparethe nu mber ofthe prop orti on ofthe in formati on onsome

8、data regard ing /on练习:1请为P30的线状图写引言段。参考：The graph shows the number of West Indians and Indians and Pakistanis immigrating to the UK from 1940 to 1970.2.请为以下的复合图写引言段。malesPeople arrested over the p ast 5 yearsfemales口 arrested un arrestedreas ons of arrest in 2007参考答案：? The pie charts and the bar cha

9、rt resp ectively p rese nt the proportion of males and females arrested over the past five years and some sig ni fica nt reas ons why they were arrested in 2007.或? The pie charts compare the prop orti on of males and females arrested over the p ast five years and the bar chart illustrates some sig n

10、i fica nt reas ons in2007.3.主体段落写作12句）23 段）1)2)general statement即概述图表写作的最大特对图表的特点或趋势进行总的概述或解说-对图表的特点或趋势进行总的概述或解说（ 对图表所包含的信息进项详细的分析和比较（1)点或总趋势Eg.P28线状图的总趋势In gen eral, the total harvest area in creased un til 1980, at which point there was a reduct ion in the area harvested due to retre nchme nt.P30两

11、条线的总趋势/总特点As can be seen, immigration of both West Indians and Indians rap idly over a twen ty-year p eriod. After 1960, the nu mber of decreased sharply whereas the number of Indian and Pakistani in crease.and Pakista nis in creasedWest Indian immigrants immigra nts con ti nued to练习请为以下复合图写作总概述male

12、s口 arrested un arrestedPeople arrested over the p ast 5 yearsreas ons of arrest in 2007参考According to the graph, more males than females were arrested and thief became the most com mon reas on of arrest in 2007.引出总概述的语言? As can be see n, the most strik ing feature is ? As is show n/depi cted in the

13、table, the most obvious feature is? From the graph, we can see clearly that ? From the chart, it is apparent that ? Accord ing to the graph,?Gen erally sp eak ing,? It is no ted that Overall,23 段）2）对图表所包含的信息进项详细的分析和比较（运动范畴中存在着如下的8种运动趋向：1 .保持平稳：我们可以使用的套用结构有举例：表示人口数量保持平稳的时候可以写2. 1趋势图（线状图）： 解题思路：按时间发展顺

14、序写作； 语言点：四个方向的语言点一 运动范畴，程度范畴，时间范畴，数据范畴与连接范畴:stay stable/rema in steady.:the number of population stayed stable。/therise/ climb/ in crease/ asce nd/m oun t/aggra ndize（增nu mber of popu lati on remained steady.2. 上升/增加：我们可以使用的套用结构有：加）举例：人口上升：the number of population increased/ascended/mounted 等等。3. 下降

15、/减少：我们可以使用的套用结构有：fall/ drop/ decrease/ descend/deciine举例：人口减少：the nu mber of popu latio n decreased/ decli ned.4.波动：这个就像我们的心电图一样。英语中叫fluctuate.举例：人口波动：nu mber of popu lati on fluctuated.5. 达至U顶峰 :peak/ reach its summit/reach its zenith举例：人口至U达了顶峰：nu mber of popu lati on p eaked/ reached its summit/

16、reached its zen ith.程度范畴：、缓慢的 /轻微的：gradually/ smoothly/ steadily/ slightly/moderately/slowly陡然的 /大幅度的：dramatically/ sharply/ considerably/ appreciably/ greatly/ steeply/ significantly/ markedly/ra pi dly/quickly/ sudde niy/举例:1.人口大幅度攀升 ：number of population mounted dramatically.2. 人口轻微下降 ：number of

17、population decreased slightly.3. 人口逐渐下降 ：number of population decreased gradually.1）上升/下降后面使用to（到）和by（ 了） 举例：人口下降到人口下降了人口上升到人口上升了1.2.3.4.200 万：number of population decreased to 2 million.200 万:number of population decreased by 2 million. 1000 万:nu mber of popu latio n in creased to 10 milli on.500 万

18、:nu mber of popu lati on in creased by 5 millio n.2）面需要使用的是at.举例:1.人口在 500 万上保持平稳 ：number of population remained steady at 5 million.1. 人口在 800 万时到达了顶峰：number of population peaked at 8 million.2. 下降后，人口在 400 万保持平稳:after decreasing, number of population bottomed millio n.3. 上升后，人口在 700 万保持平稳:after mo

19、unting, number of population leveled millio n.rema in steady/ stay stable/ level off/ bottom out/ p eak/reach its p eak/ reach its zen ithoutoffat 4at 73） fluctuate 的后面大家需要连接between.and.举例：人口在 2 和 100 亿之间波动：number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion.（那 俩人是ADAM和EVE）练习：请描述一下线状图1950I96019

20、651975198519952005参考答案：The nu mber of tourists in creased greatly duri ng the first 10 years from 1950 to 1960, reachi ng its p eak at 100 in 1960. After an in itial drop, the tourist nu mbers had kept steady at around 100 for 10 years betwee n 1965 and 1975. It is no ted that the follow ing 30-year

21、 p eriod saw an overall up ward trend with some fluctuati ons.常用4大句型：1）sth + verb+程度+数据+时间。The price in creased greatly to 100 from 1950 to 1960.2）sth+ verb的名词短语形式（含程度）+数据+时间。The P rice exp erie need a great in crease to 100 from 1950 to 1960. un dergo/ go through/suffer3）there be +变化的名词+数据+ in +某方面

22、+时间。There was a great in crease to 100 in the tourist nu mbers from 1950 to 1960.4）时间+见证+变化的名词+数据+ in +某方面。总结：线状图解题思路? 一条线：? 二条线：成描写，? 三条线：The 10-year p eriod from 1950 to 1960 saw/ wit nessed a great in crease to 100 in the nu mber of tourists.按时间发展顺序，选取有明显变化的趋势特征进行写作。1）两条线各分两段。先写 A线，再写B线。每条线按照其固有的

23、特点完 分析和比较。2） AB线同时比较着完成各自的特点描写。1）先写A线。再对比着写 B线和C线。2）三条线对比着写。EgJapan Sweden USA两条线(JapanVS sweden)分开来写：Japan : stood at - dip into - - before bouncing back to 5% again- be expected to shoot up to about 28% in 2040, the highest among the three coun triesSwede n: in creased gradually- grew with some fl

24、uctuati ons- be p redicted to asce nd to roughly 25%对比着写:Japan : stood at -dip into before bouncing back to 5% aga in in 2000 。Un like Japen, swede n exp erie need a gradual in crease in the nu mber of aged people from around 9% in 1940 to roughly 14% in 1980. After that, the aged popu lati on in Sw

25、ede n in creased con ti nually with some fluctuati ons, while Japan is exp ected to shoot up to about 28% in 2040, 4% higher tha n Swede n.四.非趋势图1.解题思路：？ ？分类：找有意义数据（最大，最小，相同 etc.）2必备语言点：百分比，大小比较，数据导入，先后顺序 2.1百分比的表示? occupy? gai n? share? rep rese nt? have/has? con stitute? acco unt formake up take u

26、p如:The smallest percen tage is distributed to fish, which gains only 5%.2.2大小比较? 表示A比B.? The sales of chicke n is 40% more tha n that of fish.?is 8 times more tha n that of fish.?is 9 times of that of fish.练习：请比较 P41男性和女性在管理职位上的情况? In man agerial p ositi on, the number of the male is obviously more

27、tha n that of the female.? There are more men in man agerial po siti on tha n wome n.? A greater nu mber of men tha n that of wome n were found in man agerial po siti on.? The n umber of men who are empio yed in man agerial po siti on is much larger tha n that of wome n working in the same occupati

28、on.? In man agerial p ositi on, the company owned more men tha n wome n.?表示相同的A is equal to B.The sales of pork is equal to that of beef.A and B are equal.A is (exactly/ app roximately) the same as B.The sales of pork is exactly two times the same as that of lamb.A is as .as B.(表 示倍数)The sales of ch

29、icke n is above twice as much as that of beef.Pork sells twice as much meat as lamb.There are twice as many stude nts in Class A as that of Class B.The figures in terms of the daily calorie supply per head and life expectancy at birth inBan gladesh were only the half of those in USA in 19922.3数据引入eg

30、?()? at? Which引导的定语从句?分词结构? With? A versus B? A as opp OSes to B?resp ectivelyThe sales of chicke n (45%) is 40% more than that of fish.The sales of chicke n is 8 times more tha n that of fish at 5%.Pork and beef are equal at 20%.The sales of chicke n is 9 times of that of fish, which occ upies only

31、 5%.The sales of chicke n is 9 times of that of fish, occupying only 5%.With的使用1)-引出一个数字? Chicke n has the highest p erce ntage?(45%).? at 45%.?, which rep rese nts about 45% of the total.?, acco unting for about 45% of the total.? with 45% of the total bei ng sold.With的使用2)- 一拖几”? More chicke n (45

32、%) is sold tha n any other kind of meat with pork and beef equal at 20%, lamb at 10%, and fish, th2 smallest, at only 5%.? More chicke n (45%) is sold tha n any other kind of meat with the same percen tage (20%) in pork and beef ,10% in lamb, and only 5% in fish.请完成以下句子。? 鸡肉卖得比羊肉都多，45%比10%。? The proportion of chic