卢雪英汽车理论综合作业luxy.

1、汽车理论综合大作业贡献者：吉林大学汽车运用工程专业 4410012卢雪英1汽车动力性计算（加速性能、最高车速、动力因素一加速时间和加速距离）已知：发动机外特性、装载质量、整备质量、总质量、车轮半径、传动系效率、滚动阻力系数、空气阻力系数x迎风面积、主减速器速比飞轮转动惯量、两个前轮转动惯量、四个后轮转动惯量、变速器速比、轴距、质心至前轴距离、质心高度。例如，已知数据如下表：项目单位数值装载质量kg1995整备质量kg1700总质量kg3695车轮半径m0.37传动系效率0.87+0.0028滚动阻力系数0.012-0.0028空气阻力系数X迎风面积2 m2.60主减速器速比5.83飞轮转动惯量

2、kgm20.22两前轮转动惯量kgm21.80四后轮转动惯量kgm3.60轴距m3.40质心至前轴距离m2.0质心高度m0.9变速器速比变速器I档II档III档IV档V档四档6.123.111.691.00五档3.552.771.651.000.83发动机外特性23Tq=a+ai(n/c)+a 2(n/c) +g(n/c) +a3(n/c)参数aa1a2a2a3c数值-19.31296-16540.9-3.8510001）绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图；2）求汽车的最高车速、最大爬坡度；3）绘制加速度倒数曲线4）用图解法或编程绘制汽车动力因数特性曲线5）图解手工绘制II档起步，加速至 70km

3、/h的车速一时间曲线以及距离一时间曲线2汽车燃料经济性计算（等速、多工况）例如，已知汽车结构参数同题1,负荷特性拟合公式为占=比+月岀亠场房+旳曙+鸟盘4-1N/(rmi n )B0B1RBB48201427-41672-6.00.1812001355-30437-2.050.04316001284-19015-0.510.00720001123-121.67.0-0.1850.001926001141-994.5-0.0910.000730001051-742.86-0.0510.0003534001233-853.0-0.04750.000338801130-450.71-0.0008-0

4、.00004怠速油耗为0.3 ml/s (400r/min )，求1）汽车功率平衡图；2）最高档与次高档的等速百公里油耗曲线。3）按6工况循环行驶的百公里油耗。计算中确定燃油消耗率值b时，若发动机转速与负荷特性中给定的转速不相等，可用相邻转速的两根曲线用插值法求得。1.(1)求汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图和汽车最高车速的matlab程序：n=600:10:4500;Tq=-19.31+296.00*( n/1000)-165.00*(门/1000)八2+40.904*(门/1000)八3-3.85*( n/ 1000).A4;m=3695;g=9.8; nmi n=500; nm ax=4500

5、;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83; nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;lf=0.22;lw1=1.80;lw2=3.60;Ft仁 Tq*ig(1)*i0* nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0* nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0* nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0* nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0* nT/r;ua1=0.377*r* n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r* n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r* n/ig

6、(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r* n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r* n/ig(5)/i0;ua=0:5:130;Ff=G*f;Fw=CDA*ua.A2/21.15;Fz=Ff+Fw;plot(ua1,Ft1,ua2,Ft2,ua3,Ft3,ua4,Ft4,ua5,Ft5,ua,Fz);title('驱动力-行驶阻力平衡图);xlabel( 'Ua(km/h)');ylabel( 'Ft(N)');gtext( 'Ft1' ),gtext( 'Ft2' ),gtext( 'Ft3' ),g

7、text( 'Ft4' ),gtext( 'Ft5' ),gtext( Ff+Fw');zoom on;x,y=gi nput(1);zoom off ;disp('汽车最高车速='); disp(x);disp( 'km/h');汽车最高车谨;107.5806(2) .求汽车的最大爬坡度的matlab程序：n=600:10:4500;Tq=-19.31+296.00*( n/1000)-165.00*(门/1000)八2+40.904*(门/1000)八3-3.85*( n/ 1000).A4;m=3695;g=9.8;

8、 nmi n=500; nm ax=4500;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83; nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;lf=0.22;lw1=1.80;lw2=3.60;Ft仁 Tq*ig(1)*i0* nT/r;ua1=0.377*r* n/ig(1)/i0;Ff=G*f;Fw仁CDA*ua"2/21.15;Fz仁 Ff+Fw1;Fi1= Ft1-Fz1;Zoom on;imax=100*ta n(asi n(max(Fi1/G); disp('汽车最

9、大爬坡度:');disp( imax);disp( ' %');汽车的最大爬坡度：423.7344%)(3) 求汽车行驶加速度倒数曲线 matlab程序如下:clearn=600:10:4500;Tq=-19.31+296.00*( n/1000)-165.00*(门/1000)八2+40.904*(门/1000)八3-3.85*( n/ 1000).A4;m=3695;g=9.8; nmi n=500; nm ax=4500;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83; nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=

10、5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;lf=0.22;lw1=1.80;lw2=3.60;Ft仁 Tq*ig(1)*i0* nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0* nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0* nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0* nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0* nT/r;ua1=0.377*r* n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r* n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r* n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r* n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r* n/ig(5)/i0;Fw1=CDA*ua1.A2/21.

11、15;Fw2=CDA*ua2.A2/21.15;Fw3=CDA*ua3.A2/21.15;Fw4=CDA*ua4.A2/21.15;Fw5=CDA*ua5.A2/21.15;Ff=G*f;deta1=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+(If*ig(1)A2*i0A2* nT)/(m*rA2);deta2=1+(lw1+lw2)/(m*rA2)+(lf*ig (2)八2诃2* nT)/(m*A2);deta3=1+(lw1+lw2)/(m*rA2)+(lf*ig(3)A2*i0A2* nT)/(m*A2);deta4=1+(lw1+lw2)/(m*rA2)+(lf*ig 八2*心八2* n

12、T)/(m*A2);deta5=1+(lw1+lw2)/(m*rA2)+(lf*ig(5)A2*i0A2* nT)/(m*A2);a仁(Ft1-Ff-Fw1)/(deta1*m);ad1=1./a1;a2=(Ft2-Ff-Fw2)/(deta2*m);ad2=1./a2;a3=(Ft3-Ff-Fw3)/(deta3*m);ad3=1./a3;a4=(Ft4-Ff-Fw4)/(deta4*m);ad4=1./a4;a5=(Ft5-Ff-Fw5)/(deta5*m);ad5=1./a5;Plot(ua1,ad1,ua2,ad2,ua3,ad3,ua4,ad4,ua5,ad5);axis(0 100

13、 0 10);title('汽车的加速度倒数曲线');xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('1/a');gtext('1/a1');gtext('1/a2');gtext('1/a3');gtext('1/a4');gtext('1/a5');汽车的加速度倒数曲线(4) 绘制汽车动力因数特性曲线 matlab程序如下：n=600:10:4500;Tq=-19.31+296.00*( n/1000)-165.00*(门/1000)八2+40.904*(门

14、/1000)八3-3.85*( n/ 1000).A4;m=3695;g=9.8; nmi n=500; nm ax=4500;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83; nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;lf=0.22;lw1=1.80;lw2=3.60;Ft仁 Tq*ig(1)*i0* nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0* nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0* nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0* nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0* nT/r;ua

15、1=0.377*r* n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r* n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r* n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r* n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r* n/ig(5)/i0;ua=0:5:120;Fw1=CDA*ua1.A2/21.15;Fw2=CDA*ua2.A2/21.15;Fw3=CDA*ua3.A2/21.15;Fw4=CDA*ua4.A2/21.15;Fw5=CDA*ua5.A2/21.15;f0=0.0087;f1=0.00026;f4=0.00070;f=f0+f1*(ua/100)+f4*(ua/100).A4;D1

16、= (Ft1-Fw1)/G;D2=(Ft2-Fw2)/G;D3=(Ft3-Fw3)/G;D4=(Ft4-Fw4)/G;D5=(Ft5-Fw5)/G;plot(ua1,D1,ua2,D2,ua3,D3,ua4,D4,ua5,D5,ua,f);title('汽车动力特性图)；xlabel( 'Ua(km/h)');ylabel( 'D');gtext( ' I ' ),gtext( ' n ' ),gtext('川'),gtext( ' IV' ),gtext( ' V ' ),

17、gtext( 'f ); 手工绘制U档起步，加速至70km/h的车速-时间曲线以及距离-时间曲线如下:clearm=3695;g=9.8; G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83; nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;lf=0.22;lw1=1.80;lw2=3.60nmin=600;nm ax=4500;u1=0.377*r* nmin ./ig/i0;u2=0.377*r* nm ax./ig/i0;deta=0*ig;for i=1:5deta(i)=1+(Iw1

18、+Iw2)/(m*rA2)+(If*(ig(i)A2*i0A2* nT)/(m*rA2);endua=6:0.01:99;N=le ngth(ua); n=0;Tq=0;Ft=0;i nv_a=0*ua;delta=0*ua;Ff=G*f;-Fw=CDA*ua.A2/21.15;for i=1:Nk=i;if ua(i)v=u2 (2)n=ua(i)*(ig (2)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.31+296.00*( n/1000)-165.00*(门/1000)八2+40.904*(门/1000)八3-3.85*( n/ 1000).A4;Ft=Tq*ig(2)*i0* nT/r;

19、in v_a(i)=(deta(2)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i);delta(i)=0.01*i nv_a(i)/3.6;elseif ua(i)<=u2 (3)n=ua(i)*(ig (3)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.31+296.00*( n/1000)-165.00*(门/1000)八2+40.904*( n/1000)A3-3.85*( n/ 1000).A4;Ft=Tq*ig(3)*i0* nT/r;in v_a(i)=(deta(3)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i);delta(i)=0.01*i nv_a(i)/3.6;elseif ua(i)<=u2

20、 (4)n=ua(i)*(ig *i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.31+296.00*( n/1000)-165.00*(门/1000)八2+40.904*( n/1000)A3-3.85*( n/ 1000).A4;Ft=Tq*ig(4)*i0* nT/r;in v_a(i)=(deta(4)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i);delta(i)=0.01* in v_a(i)/3.6;elsen=ua(i)*(ig (5)*i0/r)/0.377;Tq=-19.31+296.00*( n/1000)-165.00*(门/1000)八2+40.904*( n/1000)A3-3.85*(

21、n/ 1000).A4;Ft=Tq*ig(5)*i0* nT/r;in v_a(i)=(deta(5)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i);delta(i)=0.01*i nv_a(i)/3.6;enda=delta(1:k);t(i)=sum(a);10汽车理论综合大作业#汽车理论综合大作业201001020304050607060时间t (s)60ECD屈40300endplot(t,ua);axis(O 80 0 100);title('汽车2档原地起步换挡加速时间曲线'); xlabel('时间t (s)');ylabel('速度 ua( km/h)

22、');100908070(1).汽车功率平衡图的matlab程序:clearn=600:10:4500;Tq=-19.31+296.00*( n/1000)-165.00*(门/1000)八2+40.904*(门/1000)八3 -3.85*( n/1000).A4;m=3695;g=9.8 ;nmin=500;nm ax=4500;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83;n T=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;lf=0.22;lw1=1.80;lw2=3.60ua1=0

23、.377*r* n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r* n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r* n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r* n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r* n/ig(5)/i0;Pe1=Tq.*ig(1)*i0.*ua1./(3600*r);Pe2=Tq.*ig(2)*i0*ua2./(3600*r);Pe3=Tq.*ig(3)*i0*ua3./(3600*r);Pe4=Tq.*ig(4)*i0.*ua4./(3600*r);AAPe5=Tq.*ig(5)*i0.*ua5./(3600*r);ua=0:0.36:120;Ff=G*f;Fw=C

24、DA*ua.A2/21.15;Pf=Ff*ua/3600;Pw=Fw.*ua/3600;Pe0=(Pf+Pw)./nT;Pe=max(Pe1);plot(ua1,Pe1,ua2,Pe2,ua3,Pe3,ua4,Pe4,ua5,Pe5,ua,Pe0,ua,Pe); axis(0 120 0 100);title('汽车功率平衡图');xlabel('ua(km/h)'); ylabel('Pe(kw)');gtext('1'),gtext(2),gtext(3),gtext('4'),gtext('5'

25、;),gtext('(Pf+Pw)/et'),gtext('Pe');汽车功率平衡图 最高档和次高档的等速百公里油耗曲线matlab程序：clearn=600:10:4000;Tq=-19.31+296.00*( n/1000)-165.00*(门/1000)八2+40.904*(门/1000)八3-3.85*( n/ 1000).A4;m=3695;g=9.8; nmi n=600; nm ax=4000;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83;nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=

26、3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;lf=0.22;lw1=1.80;lw2=3.60n2=820 1200 1600 2000 2600 3000 3400 3880;B02=1427 1355 1284 1123 1141 1051 1233 1130;B12=-416 -304 -190 -121.60 -99 -74 -85 -45 ;B22=7237 15 7.0 4.5 2.86 3.0 0.71;B32=-6.0 -2.05 -0.51 -0.185 -0.091 -0.051 -0.0475 -0.0008;B40=0.18 0.043 0.007 0.0019 0.0007

27、 0.00035 0.0003 -0.00004;B0=spli ne(n 2,B02, n);B1=spl in e( n2,B12, n);B2=spli ne(n 2,B22, n);B3=spli ne(n 2,B32, n);B4=spli ne(n 2,B42, n);Ff=G*f;ua4=0.377*r* n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r* n/ig(5)/i0;Fz4=Ff+CDA*(ua4.A2)/21.15;Fz5=Ff+CDA*(ua5.A2)/21.15;Pe4=Fz4.*ua4./( nT*3.6*1000);Pe5=Fz5.*ua5./( nT*3.6*

28、1000);for i=1:1:3401 b4(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*Pe4(i)+B2(i)*Pe4(i).A2+B3(i)*Pe4(i).A3+B4(i)*Pe4(i).A4Jb5(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*Pe5(i)+B2(i)*Pe5(i)A2+B3(i)*Pe5(i)A3+B4(i)*Pe5(i)A4Jendpg=7.0;Q4=Pe4.*b4./(1.02.*ua4.*pg);Q5=Pe5.*b5./(1.02.*ua5.*pg); plot(ua4,Q4,ua5,Q5);axis(0 120 10 30);title('最高档与次高档等速百公里油耗曲线'

29、;);xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel(' 百公里油耗(L/100km)');gtext('4'),gtext('5');14汽车理论综合大作业最高档与次高档等速白公里油耗曲线15汽车理论综合大作业#汽车理论综合大作业10203040506070 S0 90100ua(km/h)28622422208 6 4.1 -1#汽车理论综合大作业% i为档位数%计算各个档位的最大最小速度%计算各个档位的转速范围%计算各个档位的转矩范围%求出驱动力%求岀滚动阻力和空气阻力之%求%求加速(3).按6工况循环行驶的百公里油耗的

30、 matlab程序如下:fun cti ony=ya nshu(b)i0=5.83;%输入主传动比的数据b=youhao(i0);%求对应i0的6工况百公里油耗bfun ction y=ca nshu(iO)%求各个参数的处理函数n1=li nspace(0,5000);%先求各个档位的驱动力nm ax=4500; nmin=600;r=0.37;yita=0.8728;CDA=2.6;f=0.0092;G=(3695)*9.8;ig=3.55,2.77,1.65,1.00,0.83;% i0=5.83for i=1:1:5uamax(i)=chesu( nm ax,r,ig(i),i0);u

31、am in( i)=chesu( nmin ,r,ig(i),i0);ua(i,:)=li nspace(uam in (i),uamax(i),100);n( i,:)=zhua nsu(ua(i,:),r,ig(i),i0);Ttq(i,:)=zhuanju(n( i,:);Ft(i,:)=qudo ngli(Ttq(i,:),ig(i),i0,yita,r);F(i,:)=f*G+CDA*(ua(i,:).A2)/21.15;和1delta(i,:)=1+(1.80+3.60+0.22*(ig(i)A2)*(i0A2)*yita)/(3695*rA2);旋转质量换算系数a(i,:)=1.

32、/(delta(i,:).*3695./(Ft(i,:)-F(i,:);度endfun cti onua=chesu( n,r,ig,iO)ua=0.377*r.* n/(ig*iO);%由转矩计算车速fun cti onn=zhua nsu(ua,r,ig,iO)%求转速n=ig*i0.*ua./(0.377*r)fun cti on y=zhua nju(n)%求转矩函数y=-19.31+296.00*( n./1000)-165.00.*( n./1000)人2+40.904.*( n./1000).A3-3.8 5.*( n./1000).A4;fun ction y=qudo ngl

33、i(Ttq,ig,iO,yita,r)%求驱动力函数y=(ig*iO*yita.*Ttq)/r;%求六工况的油耗fun cti on b=youhao(i0)global f G CDA yita m r If Iw1 Iw2 pg BO B1 B2 B3 B4 nig=3.55,2.77,1.65,1.00,0.83;r=0.37;%声明全局变量yita=0.8728;CDA=2.60;f=0.0092;% i0=5.83;G=(3695)*9.8;lf=0.22;lw1=1.80;lw2=3.60;m=3695;n0=820 1200 1600 2000 2600 3000 3400 38

34、80;B00=1427 1355 1284 1123 1141 1051 1233 1130;B10=-416 -304 -190 -121.60 -99 -74 -85 -45 ;B20=7237 15 7.0 4.5 2.86 3.0 0.71;B30=-6.0 -2.05 -0.51 -0.185 -0.091 -0.051 -0.0475 -0.0008;B40=0.18 0.043 0.007 0.0019 0.0007 0.00035 0.0003 -0.00004;%汽车基本参数设定n=600:1:4000;B0=spli ne(n 0,B00, n);B1=spl in e(

35、n0,B10, n);B2=spli ne(n 0,B20, n);B3=spli ne(n 0,B30, n);B4=spli ne(n 0,B40, n);ua4=0.377*r.* n./(i0*ig(4);F4=f*G+CDA*(ua4.A2)/21.15;P_fw4=F4.*ua4./(yita*3.6*1000); i=1:1:3401%使用三次样条差值%求出发动机转速范围内对应的%求岀滚动阻力和空气阻力之和%求岀阻力功率for3,4档位车速%o ?ao?1? e ? o 3?+ ? e ?o? eb4(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*P_fw4(i)+B2(i)*(P_fw4(i)A2+B3(i)*(P_fw4(i)A3+B4(i)*(P_fw4(i)A4;endpg=7.0;%?0, ? ee ?7.06N/Lua4_m=25,40,50;%?e ?u ?x ? ?3 ?us_m=50,250,250;%