安徽省2012届高三英语一轮复习 语法部分 考点4 介词和连词精品学案 北师大版

1、考点4 介词和连词介词1.主要考查的知识点：介词的基本用法及固定搭配等。2.复习重点：(1)掌握介词的用法特点：介词后面必须接名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等作宾语。(2)掌握介词的固定搭配1介词的分类与语法功能用适当的介词填空(1) It is going to rain this afternoon _according_to_ the weather forecast.(2) He quarrelled _with_ her yesterday.(3) He succeeded _in_ passing the final exam.(4) I'm still thinking

2、 _of_ how I can fulfil the task ahead of time.1介词的分类与语法功能(5) The professor will give us a talk _on_ how to study English well.(6) This machine is _in_ good condition.(表语)(7) Where is the key _to_ my bike？(定语)(8) Nothing in the world could live _without_ air or water.(状语)(9) She always thinks herself

3、 _above_ others.(宾补)规则1：介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一定成分。 介词分为：简单介词，如at, in, for等；合成介词，如within, inside, onto, throughout等；短语介词，如according to, out of, because of, by means of, in spite of, instead of等；双重介词，如from behind / above / under, until after等；分词介词，如：considering, incl

4、uding, judging(from / by) 等。规则2：介词可后接名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等作宾语。如：(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)。介词或介词短语还可在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如：(6)、(7)、(8)、(9)。2核心介词用法归纳与辨析(1)We have not seen each other since 1995.(2)I hope to do morning exercise from today.(3)We'll be back in three days.(4)After seven the rain began to fall. (5)

5、What shall we do after graduation?(6)Changchun is in the northeast of China.(7)Mongolia is on the north of China.(8)Japan is to the east of China.2核心介词用法归纳与辨析(9)There is a book on the piece of paper.(10)There is an interesting article in the newspaper.(11)Water flows through the pipe.(12)The old man

6、 walked across the street.(13)I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.(14) His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.(15)Read the text in a loud voice.规则1：表示时间的at, in, on： at表示片刻的时间，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the a

7、ge of, at Christmas, at New Year等。 in表示一段时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。 on总是跟日子有关，如：on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。规则2：表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时

8、连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系，一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用，如：(1)、(2)。规则3：表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后，”区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”，而after则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后)”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用，如：(3)、(4)、(5)。【注意】after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时中)。规则4：表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外，如：(6)、(7)、(8)。规则5：表示“在上”的on和in：o

9、n只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分，如：(9)、(10)。规则6：表示“穿过”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关，如：(11)、(12)。规则7：besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了还有，再加上”。except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似，表示“除了外”，经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示“如无就，只

10、是”，表明理由细节，如：(14)。规则8：表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with；而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in，如：(15)。3介词的搭配改错：(1) She was robbed for her wallet on her way home.(forof)(2) The restaurant supplies us about delicious food.(aboutwith)(3) The sunshine struck him on the eye.(onin)(4) He is afraid for being punished

11、by his teacher for breaking the glass.(forof)(5) He has two sons who are studying abroad and he takes pride at them.(atin)规则1：“动词介词”搭配1. rob her of her wallet / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of连用)如：(1)。2. supply us with food / fill the glass with wine(“供给”意义的动词与with连用)如：(2)。3. make a desk of w

12、ood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat(“制作、制造”意义与of，from，into连用)4. 介词 the 部位与动词的关系(动词 sb.'s 部位)如：(3)。 strike him on the head(“击，拍，碰，摸”意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(“抓，拉，拿，扯”意义与by连用) hit the boy in the face(“肚，胸，眼，脸”等人体前部与in连用)规则2：常见“形容词 介词”搭配。afraidof担心 ，如：(4)。for 替而担心anxiou

13、s for sth.渴望 about sth. / sb.担心 differentfrom与不同 to不关心tiredof讨厌 from/ with因疲倦strictwith sb.严格要求某人in sth.在某方面严格要求规则3：“名词 介词”要注意习惯搭配和意义区分。take pride in them为他们感到骄傲，如：(5)。the key to the question问题的答案a medicine for cough治咳嗽的药the ticket for tomorrow明天的票 连词1.主要考查的知识点：连词本身的意义及句法功能。2.复习重点：(1)掌握连词的意义(2)常见连词的

14、用法区别3.连词的判断：(1)并列连词的判断并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词等，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用，那么，如果前后两部分的形式和语法作用相同，中间的连接词应当为并列连词，再根据前后两部分的关系确定用哪个并列连词。(2)从属连词的判断从属连词是连接从句的词，所以首先要判断出主句和从句，从属连词便位于从句前，再根据从句和主句的关系确定该用哪一个从属连词。1连词的分类(1)Not only is he clever，but also he is hard working.(2)Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and chil

15、dren, has come to Nanjing for a visit.(3)I don't know when he will come back.(4)He sang merrily as he was working.连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用，如：(1)、(2)；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句，如：(3)、(4)等。2常见的从属连词用法及区别(1)They didn't talk(延续性动词)until (till)

16、 the interpreter came.(2)He didn't go to bed(非延续性动词)until (till) his father came back.(3)He talks as if he knew all about it.(4)It looks as if it is going to rain.(5)The question is whether we can finish the task on time.(6)I haven't decided whether to leave or not.2常见的从属连词用法及区别(7)Everything

17、 depends on whether we have enough money.(8)Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?(9)I don't know whether or not they will come.(10)We must do as the Party teaches us.(11)As you are tired, you had better rest.(12)Child as he is, he can do it well. ( Although he is a child

18、, he can do it well.)规则1：当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别：while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于 “at the time”。as常可与when，while通用，但强调“一边一边”。 when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是“主语系动词”结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”。规则2：till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not until (till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到才”。如：(1)、(2)。用于肯定句时，只与延