“科技英语语法”复习题

1、“科技英语语法”复习题一、英译汉1. All the satellite needs in order to move in its orbit is the initial speed given it by the carrier rocket.卫星为了在其轨道上运行，只需要运载火箭给它的初速度。2. Familiar to all with but the slightest exposure to scientific literature, tliis model shows the atom as a miniature solar system.这个模型把原子表示为一个微型的太阳

2、系统这点对于稍微了解科学文献的所有人都是熟悉 的。3. Tliis analysis yields a thennal resistance from the ferrite to the coolant channel wall of approxuiiately 3 6 C/W.这个分析得出了从铁氧体到冷却剂通道壁的热阻大约为36° C/Wo4. Instability is the tendency in certain systems of a quantity associated with energy, such as current, to increase inde

3、finitely in the absence of excitation.不稳定性指的是在某些系统中与能量相关的某个量，比如说电流，在不存在外部激励的情况 下无限增加的趋势。5. Each new development is naturally at first very imperfect entities tliey were believed to be.每一个新的发展在最初是很不完善的，而且如果有人的话也没有几个人能认识到它的可行性。6. In the case of the theory of relativity, space and time are not die inde

4、pendent entities they were believed to be.在相对论的情况下，空间和时间不是过去人们总把它们认为的那样是独立的东西。7. The absence of atmosphere in space will allow die space telescope to show scientists light sources as far as 14-billion light years away, some seven times farther out than those visible to the biggest ground-based optic

5、al telescopes.由于太空中不存在大气，所以科学家们可以通过太空望远镜看到远达140亿光年的光源，也 就是比最大的地基光学望远镜所能看到的远大约6倍。8. The Uiniing of the eartli on its own axis is what makes die change from day to niglit.地球的自传是引起昼夜交替变化的原因。9. In every atom in its normal state, the number of protons equals the number of electrons, a fact which is direc

6、tly related to the electrical properties of the proton and die electron.在正常状态的每个原子中，质子数是等于电子数的，这一点是与质子和电子的电特性直接相 关。10. In practice we usually have to find how large to make r so as fbr Rr(b) to be less than some permissible error.在实践中，我们通常必须找出r为多大，以至于Rr(b)低于某个不允许的误差。11. A new technology mtroduced in

7、 die 1960s, laser can pierce the hardest substance such as diamond.作为20世纪60年代引入的一项新技术，激光能穿透像金刚这样最坚硬的物质。12. Measuring anything means comparing it witli some standard to see how many times as big it is.测量任何东西意味着把它和某标准相比然后看它是该标准的多少倍那么大。13. Faraday was imable to calculate the velocity of propagation of

8、electromagnetic waves, a task which required die niatheinatical precision of Maxwell, which Faraday entirely lacked.法拉第当时不能计算出电磁波的传播速度，因为要计算传播速度这一任务需要用到麦克斯韦 尔数学精度，而法拉第是根本不具备的。14. I would like to thank the students who passed tlirougli my hands, for it was tliey who. tlirough die years, helped me to

9、refine, my mitial hesitant efforts from which the contents of this volume have been developed.我想感谢我所教过的学生们，因为正是他们几年来帮助我修改了原来不成熟的稿子，由此产 生了本书的内容。15. It is the existence of and the ability to control precisely these two independent charge-transport mechanisms that make possible all junction semiconduct

10、or devices.正是由于这两种独立的电荷传送机制的存在并且能够对它们进行精确的控制，使得所有的结 型半导体器件成为了可能。16. In the table, a notation of infinite impedance indicates that the terminating impedance should be a mminium of 10 to 100 times the nominal impedance at the specific port ,and zero tliat it should be well less than a tenth the nomina

11、l impedance at the port and less than a hundredth if possible.在表中，阻抗为无限大这一标记表示终端阻抗的最小值应该为特定端口标称阻抗的10到100 倍，而零阻抗这一标记表明，终端阻抗应该远小于特定端口标称阻抗的十分之一，并且如果 可能的话远小于特定端口标称阻抗的百分之一。17. By a family of curves is meant a specified set of curves which satisfy given conditions.所谓曲线族指的是能满足给定条件的一组特定的曲线。18. Superunposed

12、upon these considerations is die need to conserve energy and material resources.除了这些考虑因素之外我们还需要节省能源和材料的资源。19. Fig.3 shows how it is that a coil of wire induces a current in another coil when the current in it is turned on or off.图3表示当一个线圈中的电流被中断时，它究竟如何在另一个线圈中感应到电流。20. Should these bombers encounter

13、such an air-defeiise system, the results could be fatal.一旦轰炸机遇到这种空防系统，其结果是致命的。21. Such sources suflfer, however, from a strong frequency roll-off and the resultmg power levels are typically limited to about a few tens of microwatts at 1THZ.然而这一源容易遭受频率的急降，在1T赫兹时的产生的功率典型值一般仅限于十分之几微 瓦。22. Materials tha

14、t directly convert radiation into electricity could produce a new era of spacecraft and even Earth-based vehicles powered by high powered nuclear batteries.将儡射直接转换为电的材料可能将产生一个以大功率核电磁为动力的宇宙飞船甚至地基运 载工具的新时代。23. Tlie materials they are testmg would extract up to 20 times more power from radioactive deca

15、y tliaii thermoelectric materials do from that.正在实验的材料从放射性衰变中取得的电能是温插电材料从放射性衰变中取得电能的20倍。24. Tests of layered tiles of carbon nanombes packed witli gold and surrounded by lithium hydride are under way.对碳纳米管（管内充满黄金，管外一氢化铝）夹层瓦的实验正在进行。25. Devices based on the radioactive material could be small enough t

16、o power anything from interplanetary probes to aircraft and land vehicles.利用放射性物质的装置可以做得很小，足以为从星际探测器到航空器运载工具和陆地交通工 具提供动力。26. The technique, called gait analysis, works on the premise tliat it is extremely difficult to disguise your walking way.这项技术被称之为固态分析，它的工作基于这样的假设：人要掩饰自己的行走姿态是不可能 的。27. However、c

17、ritics say there are doubts that images taken m orbit will be sharp enough to be used as identification. There are also concerns that weather and visibility will a fleet the quality. 然而，批评学家们称从轨道卫星上获取的图像是否足够清晰的可以用作身份证明是有疑问的, 同时也需考虑到天气和可见度也会影响到图像质量。28. This accounts for the observation tliat the resi

18、stivity of a metal increases witli temperature.这一点解释了人们观察到的情况：金属的电阻率随温度的增加而增加的。29. The question arises whether this equation applies to all cases.出现了这个问题：这个等式是否适用于各种情况。30. No simple electric component acts as a current source die way a battery acts as a voltage source.任何简单电子元件均不能像电池被用作为电压源那样被用作为电流源。

19、31. What worries nuclear physicists is the safe disposal of nuclear waste.使核物理学家担忧的是如何安全地处理核废料的问题。32. The safety and speed of die Internet are what matters.因特网的安全和速度是关键的。33. The center of curvature of a spherical concave mirror is the center of the sphere of which the mirror is a part.球型凹而镜曲率中心是该镜子所

20、处球体的中心。34. With nanoteclmology to help, we can leam to repair our bodies.因为有了纳米技术的帮助，所以我们能学着修复我们的人体。35. Insensitive to adverse temperanire changes, diist and vibration, the bubble memory shows superior reliability in shop eir-iroiiment.由于磁泡存储器对不利的温度变化、灰尘和震动都是敏感的，因此它在车间环境中有几好的 可靠性。36. Short passwords

21、 have too few permutations to prevent tlieir being guessed by repeated trials.短密码的排列太少了以至于我们不能通过反复试猜出来。37. Tlie opposite poles of a magnet cannot be separated from one another the way opposite electric charges can.磁体的两个相反的极不能像相反的电荷那样被彼此分割开来。38. At that time, only a few scientists accepted the idea t

22、hat there had been a large island in what is now the deepest part of tliis sea.当时，只有几位科学家相信这一事实，在现在的海洋最深处曾存在一个大岛屿。二、汉译英1、顾名思义，电流就是电的流动。As the name shows, an electric current is tlie flow of electricity.2、晶体管与电子管相比有许多优点。Transistors have many advantages over electron tubes.3、电阻越大，其消耗的能量就越多。Tlie larger

23、 the resistance (is), the more energy it will dissipates.4、该电容器上的电压为零点零几伏。The voltage across this capacitor is a few hundredths of a volt.5、这所大学与五年前大不一样了。Tlie university is quite different from what it was five years ago.6、有证据表明导体的电阻随温度的变化是很小的。Tliere is evidence that the variation of the resistance

24、of a conductor with temperature is very small.7、现有的窗户均承受不了这么大的力。No windows available can withstand so large a force.8、本文所讲的内容值得一读。What tliis book describes is worth readmg.9、天线能接收在周围可能存在的任何信号。An aiiteima receives any signal there may be about.10、AC可以被转换成DC,这一过程被称为整流。AC can be changed mto DC, a proce

25、ss called rectification.11、中国具有数倍于法国那么大的面积。China has several times as large ail area as France (does).12、这条电缆长达一千公里。Tins cable is as long as 1000 meters.13、电容器存储电荷的能力取决于几个因素。The ability of a capacitor to store charges depends on a few factors.14、电流来自何方是没有关系的。It makes no difference where the current

26、comes from.15、尚不清楚到底在什么条件下可采用这种方法。It is not clear yet under what conditions it is that this method may be used.16、有待于证明这个方程在此是否成立。It remains to be shown whether this equation holds here.17、这两个数按什么顺序加起来是没有关系的。It does not niater in what order these two numbers are added.18、图1-5画出了输入随输出的变化情况。Fig. 1-5 s

27、hows die variation of output with input.19、温度计不能指示出液体中存在的热量。A thermometer caimot indicate the amoiuit of heat there is in a liquid.20、磁铁能吸引铁质材料，这一性质称为磁性。A magnet attracts iron material, a property referred to as magnetism.21、电容越大，其储存的电荷就越多。The larger the capacitance is, the more charges it store.22、

28、这些因素确定了电容器储存电荷的能力。These factors determme the ability of a capacitor to store charges.23、构成水的元素是氢和氧。Tlie element of which water consist are hydrogen and oxygen.24、必须利用这个式子来求出该物体运动的距离。It is necessary to use this equation to find out the distance through which the body moves.25、电流等于电压除以电阻。An electric c

29、urrent is equal to voltage divided by resistance.26、这种特殊的电子设备是那个厂制造的。Tins special kind of electronic device was made by that factory.27、导体对电子的流动所提供的阻力就是我们所说的电阻。Tlie opposition tliat a conductor offers to the flow of electrons is what we call resistance.28、他们不知道这个电流到底朝哪个方向流动。Tliey don't know in w

30、hich direction it is that this current flows.29、弹性是物体在形变后恢复到其原状的趋势。Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its origmal state after being deformed.30、我们只需要测量该电容器上的电压。All we need do it measure the voltage across the capacitor31、物体运动的方向也是很重要的。Tlie direction a body moves is also very important

31、.32、这个电流流过的电阻器是很小的。The resistance of a resistor through wliicli the current flows is very small.33、我们必须确定为提起这块石头需要多大的力。It is necessary for us to deterninie how large a force is required to lift this stone.34、电阻越大，电容器达到其最大电压所需的时间越长。The greater the resistance, the longer it takes for die capacitor to

32、reach its maxunum voltage.35、现在出现了这么个问题：这规则是否适合于解非线性方程呢？The question now arises whether this rule is suitable for solving non-linear equations.36、使自行车成为今天这个样子花了很长的时间。It took a very long time for the bike to become what it is today.37、这是一个以原点为圆心的圆。Tliis is a circle witli the origin as its center.38、有

33、人建议在太空制造药物。It is suggest that drug should be made in space.三、改错1、本文主要论述对这种信号进行Wiener滤波及其LMS算法。Tins paper mainly deals with the Wiener filtering and LMS algorithm of such signals.IE： This paper deals mainly with the Wiener filtering and die LMS algontlmi for such signals.2、这些特点使电子对抗系统难于对这种信号截获、分析和干扰。

34、Tliese features make electronic counter-measure systems difficult to mtercept and analyze tliis kuid of signal and jam.IE： These feaknes make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systems mtercept and analyze this kind of signal and jam.3、最后，提出了实现这种方法应注意的一些问题和解决办法。In the end, we present some problems that deserve to be noted in implem