八上英语外研版知识点归纳

1、英语初二上册重点知识点讲解Module 1 How to learn English1. advice(1)意思是“意见，建议”，为不可数名词，可用some, much, a piece of, pieces of等修饰,不能说 an advice 或 many/a few advices。(2)表示“有关的建议”时，用介词 on,接名词、代词或由疑问词引导的不定式。e.g. Let' s ask for his advice on what to do next.常见搭配：take/follow one' s advice接受某人的建议ask for advice 征求意见拓

2、展： advise vt.建议常见搭配：advise sb. to do sth.e.g.My teacher advises me to leave now.老师建议我现在就离开。2. Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films or songs withyour friends.每次你将会学习一些新东西。我也建议你和朋友们谈论电影或歌曲。time的用法：(1) time指“时间"用作不可数名词，前面可 much, little, a lot of, plenty

3、 of等修饰。(2)当作“次数；倍数”讲时， time是可数名词。e.g.I have been to Beijing three times.(3) time构成的短语：at a time一次，每一次at one time曾经，一度at times /from time to time有时，偶尔 all the time总是，一直in time 及时，迟早 on time 准时(4) time构成的句型： It' s time for sb. to do sth./It ' s (high) time sb. did sth.该是某人干的时间了。e.g. It' s

4、time for children to go to bed.是小孩睡觉的时候了。It' s high time that we started.我们该出发了。 each time (每次)，next time (下次)，the first/last time (第一次 /最后一次的时候)等。e.g. The last time I went to China, I visited Shanghai.我上次到中国时，游览了上海。3. I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place the

5、m in your room.我建议你一天把四个或者五个单词写在纸上并且放在你的房间里。suggest,做动词，表示“建议，提议”的意思，对应的名词是 suggestion。suggest的用法：7uggect cthsuggest (oneFs doing sth.cuccrest that. eb. C should5 do fthI suggested his / him giving up the idea. 我建议他放弃那念头。She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday.Module 2

6、My home town and my country1. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它（剑桥）位于康河河畔，人口约为 12万。population n.意思是“人口，居民”，它是一个集体名词，常用单数形式。population常与定冠词the连用，作主语用时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。e.g. The world ' s population is increasing faster and faster.当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。e.g. Abo

7、ut seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。有时population可用作可数名词，其前可用不定冠词。e.g. China has a population of about 1.3 billion.中国大约有十三亿人口。表示人口的"多"或"少"，不用"much"或"little ",而要用"large"或"small”。e.g. India has a large populat

8、ion. 度人口众多。询问某国、某地有多少人口时，不用" How much.?",而用"How large.?”。在问具体 人口时用 “ What.? ”。e.gWhat is the population of Canada ? The population of Canada is about 29 million.加拿大的人口大约有二千九百万。2. It has a population of about seven and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. 它 大约有750

9、万人口，所以比剑桥更大更繁忙。（1） million是数词，意思是"百万"。它的用法如下： 当与具体数字连用时，习惯上用单数，而且也不后接介词of。e.g. three million people 三百万人当不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则不仅要用复数，而且要后接介词of,然后才能接名词。e.g. A careless mistake cost the company millions of pounds.一个粗心的错误使公司蒙受数百镑的损失。拓展：与 million有相同用法的数词还有：hundred （百）,thousand （千），billion （十

10、亿）。学习形容词的比较级的规则变化及用法。（1）规则变化：类别构成方法原级比较级单音节词和少数双一般直接加-erlong talllonger taller不发首的e结尾时加-rlate largelater larger辅首字母加y结尾时把y 变i,再加-ereasy happyeasier happier重读闭音节结尾并且只有 一个辅音字母时，双写最 后的辅音字母，再加-erbig hotbigger hotter2 / 12(2)形容词比较级用法表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“ A+比较级+than+B ”。e.g.Li Lei ' s ro

11、om is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。有表示程度的副词 a little, a bit, a few , a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any 等修饰 时，用形容词比较级。e.g.I feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了。It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构，表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”

12、等。e.g.I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.这栋楼房比那栋高20 米。表示“两者之间最一个 (of the two)"时，常用"the+比较级”结构。e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary 是双胞胎中的高个子。表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用"more and more+形容词原级”。e.g.It' s getting w

13、armer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。Module 3 Sports进一步学习形容词和副词的比较级的规则变化和不规则变化 (1)规则变化：类别构成方法原级比较级多音节词和部分双音节 词在原级前加morecarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautiful在原级前加lessimportant usefulless important less useful(2)不规则变化:原级比较级good/well (身体好的)bettermany/muchmorebad/illworselittleessfarfarther（较远） f

14、urther（进.步）oldolderelder(较年长的)(3)形容词和副词比较级用法 表示“越就越”时，用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。e.g.The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越高兴。3 / 12Module 4 Planes, ships and trains学习形容词和副词的最高级的规则变化和不规则变化及其用法 (1)规则变化：类别构成方法原级最tWj级巾节词和少数双音 节词一般直接加-estlong talllongest tallest不发首的e结尾时加-stlatelargelatest largest辅首字母加y结尾

15、时把y 变i,再加-esteasy happyeasiesthappiest重读闭音节结尾并且只有 个辅音字母时，双写最 后的辅首字母，再加-estbig hotbiggest hottest“音节词和部分双音 ，词在原级前加 mostcarefulbeautifulmost carefulmost beautiful在原级前加leastimportant usefulleast important least useful(2)不规则变化:原级最tWj级good/well (身体好的)bestmany/muchmostbad/illworstlittleleastfarfarthest(更远

16、的)furthest(最大程度)oldoldest/eldest（较的）(3)形容词最高比较级用法表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。e.g.He is the strongest of the three boys.在三个男孩子中，他是最强壮的。Shanghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中国最大的城市。 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用"Which/Who is+the+最高级，A , B or C?"结构。e.g.Which city

17、 is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou ?哪个城市最漂亮，北京，上海还是福州？ 表示“最的之一”时，用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。e.g.Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之。 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。e.g.The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 长江是中国第一大长河。 形容词最高级前面可以有物主代词，指

18、示代词，名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。e.g.This is our last lesson today.这是我们今天的最后节课。 形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。e.g.Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是班上最高的学生。=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. 李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。Module

19、5 Lao She Teahouse重点知识讲解1 offer 做动词，意思是“提供；提议；提出”。常用的搭配： offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 把某物给予某人e.g.The young man offered the old man his own seat on the bus.=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.那个年轻人在公共汽车上将自己的座位让给了那位老人。 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事e.g.She offered to lend me he

20、r bike.她提出将自行车借给我。2.Show show做及物动词，意为“展示；显示；给看" ，show后可接双宾语。show sb. sth.或show sth. to sb. 给某人看或者展示某物e.g.Show me your pen, please. =Show your pen to me, please. 请让我看一下你的钢笔。Show your tickets, please. 请出示车票。此外，show还可用作名词，意为“展览；陈列；演出” ，常构成短语on show,意为“陈列，展览” 。e.g. His pictures are on show now. 他的画

21、现在正在展览。难点知识讲解：动词不定式（I ）（ 1）动词不定式的构成肯定形式：to+动词原形否定形式：not to do（ 2）动词不定式作宾语的用法动词不定式置于谓语动词之后，作动词的宾语，表明意图、希望或决定的内容。常见的后面接“ to 十动词原形”作宾语的动词有：plan, decide, hope, want, would like ， agree, offer,try, like, love 等。注意：某些及物动词可用-ing 也可用动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同的有： doing Hh 丹心' ilMSShe rem altered tuning off the light

22、s before she Left the rowa她记得离开房间前关了灯的.reniaTLbertod。sth记住要做莫考Remember to tum off the limits 'heftire she left 4he room,i记住离开房间前要关灯.命睡sih忘了像这差事I fcigtt writing to岫n裁忘了曾经洽他写U1Sforgrt *论也虫fli忘记耍做某事13 / 12Don11 forget io write la lum 别忘了笥言含他.doing的后1ft儆过某事I f egret art having accepted your advic 匕莪

23、后悔没听你的沏告.门审.也s!h抱戴J遗憾地要懒某事regret 忙 say i haven't given you enough hdpL就很遗憾地说我没嫡你充分的帮踮.(Ddamg 5比试着做第1£tryThey tried taltag m English他fflHffl用英IS谈话. ©to do电尽力儆Q< The do dore tned to save her Life.再生们彝力怆攸施的生命/(TMottg班停止贷星第S 笈腌 the teacher come into the classromn. the students stoppwi t

24、alking.I看到电师走进教室,学生外得止了讲话.就印'OMdosth停下来做将Hcarmg somebody calling hia name. he stopped io IndkaroiBidl听到有人叫他的名事，他停F来到处看.Module 6 Animals in danger1 .形容词变成副词的规律。一般在形容词的词尾加 -ly可以变成副词。 例如：quick quickly, slow slowly, loud loudly, suddensuddenly 等。特殊情况：构成方法例子一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要把 y改为 再加-ly。happyhappily

25、, angry angrily有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去掉 e加-y。possible possibly terrible terribly以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly。careful carefully温馨提示：副词修饰行为动词。如：He is very careful.He does everything carefully第一句中is是连系动词，用形容词 careful;第二句中修饰行为动词does用副词carefully。常考的形容词和副词辨析有：hard努力hardly几乎不；late迟的，晚的lately近来；deep -deeply 深深地； ne

26、ar靠近nearly 差不多； wide -widely 广泛地；free免费的freely自由地。典例剖析：Tom studies but his sister studies.A. hard, hard B. hardly, hardly C. hard, hardly D. hardly, hard答案：C解题技巧：此题第一个陷阱是hard和hardly的区别，通常我们会认为hard的副词是hardly ,事实上 hard既是形容词.又是副词，而hardly是另外一个副词.,中文是“几乎不4. -ing形容词和-ed形容词的区别。-ing形容词-ed形容词例句interesting 有趣

27、的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人兴奋的excited感到兴奋的Have you heard of the exciting news ? We are excited about the traveling.表示主动意义，多指事 物对人的影响，一般修 饰事物。表示被动意义，多指人 对事物的感受，主语一 般是人，常用于sb.+-ed 形容词+介词”结构。We are all interested in the interesting story.5.复习动词不定式。作宾

28、语补足语：动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。e.g.Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露丝要他关小收音机。注意：动词不定式在使役动词make, let和感官动词see, watch, hear, feel等词后作宾补时，常省 去不定式符号to。help后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。Let' s see the dolphins.我们去看海月豕吧。I hear her sing every day.我听见她每天都唱歌。M7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice.此处called为过去分词，修饰

29、 girl,放在名词之后。相当于 named.2. fall down跌倒，掉下 fall behind跟不上，落在 后面fall into 落入中 fall off从上掉下来 fall asleep入睡Eg: She fell down and hurt her leg yesterday.Leaves fall off the trees in fall.They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone.in a tree（外来物或人）在树上on a tre

30、e （树上本身有的东西：apple等）在树上Eg : There is a bird in the tree.There are a lot of apples on the tree.smile at sb 对某人微笑Eg: Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4. 到达”的表达：arrive in+大地点get to + 地点 reach + 地点“at+小地点（get hometherehere）5. have a tea party 举办茶会6. have nothing to do 没什么事可做nothingsomething

31、to eatdrinknothing作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数7. once or twice=from time to time 偶尔Eg: Once or twice he goes to school on foot.once 一次 twice 两次 三次及以上：数词 +times three times six times8. what for?=why 妁什么？； 有什么用？9. nothing strange 没什么奇怪的事形容词 strange作后置定语，修饰不定代词 nothing。在英语中，当形容修饰不定代词somethinganythingnothingeveryth

32、ing 等时，形容词必须放在不定代词后面，作后置定语。Eg : I have something important to do.10. hear sb. do sth.听到某人做某事hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事Eg: I heard her play the piano in the next room just now.I hear someone singing in the room.11. .take sth out of把某物从掏出12. racross表示动作是在物体的表面进行，如过河，过桥，过马路。 through表示动作是在物体的内部空间进行，如穿

33、过森林、门、隧道，光线射入等13. too to 太而不能Eg： He is too young to carry the heavy bag. M8 Accidents1. on the phone 通过电话通话（on 表示 “通过 ”）2. look pale 看起来很苍白此处look 作为半系动词，后跟adj. 常见的半系动词有tastesmellsoundfeel.Eg： The music sounds good.The food tastes delicious.3. be glad to do sth 很高兴去做sthEg： I am glad to see you again.

34、4. in time 及时on time 准时，按时Eg： I hope you can come back in time. Please hand in your homework on time.5. fall off = fall down from 从摔下来你 fall in love with sb爱上某人6. the risk of 的风险7. pay attention to注意（to是一个介词，后接名词或doing）Eg： We should pay more attention to developing economy.8. sometimes 有时some times

35、几次；几倍sometime （将来或过去）某个时候some time 一段时间9. pick up 捡起，拾起（代词只能放中间，名词放在中间或后面均可）pick sb up（开车）接某人Eg ： After school, his father drives his car to pick him up everyday.10. call sb call up=ring up 打电话给sb call on 拜访 sb11. As he was lying there in great pain,Henry suddenly remember the photo.lie此处为不及物动词，意为 躺

36、”。其过去式为lay,现在分词为lying。He was lying on the bed.l 2. as soon as 一就 I will call you as soon as I get home.语法全解：when 和 while 都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生，但二者意义不尽相同。1. when 引导的从句可表示时间点，也可表示时间段，从句的位于动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；while 引导的从句通常表示时间段，从句中用延续性动词作谓语。They arrived while we were watching TV .2. 含有 when 引导的时间状语的主从复合句

37、，如果主句用过去进行时，从句应该用一般过去式，表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作发生，强调后一动作发生的突然性。We were watching TV when suddenly the lights went off.3. 当主从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生，主从句都用过去进行时的时候，从句多用while 引导。 They were reading while we were writing .M9 Population1. The population of China is about 1.37billion.The population of is 表示.有多少人。此外用 has a

38、 population of 也可以表示 有多少人。形容人口(population )的多少用big/ large 或 small 当 population 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 询问某地有多少人口.：.What' s the population of .注意：询问某地有多少人口时不用how many 和 how muchhundredthousandmillionbillion 等前有数字，用单数形式three hundredhundredthousandmillionbillion 等后有 of,用复数形式thousands of2. noise (n.) 噪音 noisy(

39、adj.) 吵闹的make noise 发出噪音3. prepare 准备 prepare for 为做准备 prepare to do sth 准备去做某事 .Eg： They are preparing for the New Year.4. notes名词复数形式笔记随笔"make notes己笔记5. too much+不可数名词much too+形容词. 太too many+可数名词复数Eg： I have too much homework to do today.That dress is much too long for me.There are too many

40、people in the shop on Sunday.6. one fifth 五分之一分数的表达法：分子在前，用基数词；分母在后，用序数词。当分子大于1 时，分母需要用复数 如： two thirds9. hang on a minute. 稍等10. public services 公共服务a public telephone 公用电话in public 在公共场合11. in fact 事实上all over the world 全世界12. leave 离开(某地) leave for+ 目的地 前往 (目的地 ) 启程去某地I ll leave for Shanghai next

41、 week. leave 还有 “忘了带，留下”之意 如： I left my book at home .13. 辨析： job 与 workjob ( cn) 指具体的职业或零工work (un)指人们日常生活和工作中从事的体力或脑力劳动【 Grammer】 :冠词：复习笔记数字 : 分为基数词和序数词。本模块中，我们重点学习数字的读法。在英语中，每三位数字为一个单位，按照百，十，个位向下读。而进位的读法则为thousand, million , billion 向上递增。数词的常见用法：分数表达法在英语中，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子是1 时，分母用原形；当分子大于1 时，分母用复

42、数形式。1/3 ： one thirds 2/3 : two thirds百分数的表达：百分数用percent表示，符号为% 如：5%读作five present .M10 The weather1 .关于天气的单词：名词 cloud, rain, snow, sun, wind, fog .形容词 cloudy, rainy, snowy, sunny, windy, foggy .2 . Are you joking?joke n. 笑话；玩笑play a joke on sb make a joke ofabout ab4. minus 减去， 零下 （温度 ）Eg：The temper

43、ature is minus 3 degrees.5. although 尽管；虽然（although 与 but 不能连用）Eg： It isn t warm today, although the sun is shining.6. what ' s the weather l（inj ）？Eg： -What is the weather like in Jinhua today?-It is cold today.询问天气还可以用how is the weather （in）？7. as well 也；还（放句末） too 也 （放句末） also 也，而且（放句中）8. bet

44、ter get going.= had better g now. 最好现在就走had better do sth 最好做 sthEg： It laste now, we had better hurry up.9. compared to = compared with 和相比较Eg ： I compared my computer towith hers. 重点语法:情态动词may，might 的用法。Module 11 Way of life重点语法：1. what a surprise! 真惊讶啊! 此句是感叹句，用来表达赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情，同样用how 也可引导感叹句。结构如下：what +（aan）+adj.+n.（+ 主语+谓语）!how +adj.adv. （+ 主语+谓语）!Eg： How beautiful the girl is!= What a beautiful girl she is!2. you needn t wait. 你不必等了。need 在这里用作情态动词，表示“需要”，常用于否定句、疑问句及must 引导的一般疑问句的否定回答