英语语法整理之从句(共10页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上语法内容-从句一从句的分类主语从句（谓语之前）This is what he told me last night.表语从句（系动词之后）What he said is true.宾语从句（实意动词之后）Tell me what he said at the meeting.同位语从句名词之后，与名词是等同关系）The news that he will come makes me happy.（解释the news)定语从句（修饰名词或代词）The news that he tole me is true状语从句（修饰动词） 1.)时间.I stayed home

2、while ha was away.(说明呆家的时间） 2.)地点.You should put the book where it was.(说明放的位置） 3. 原因.He didnt come because he was ill.(说明没来的原因） 4.)结果.He ran so fast that I couldnt catch cup him(他跑得快 导致的结果） 5.) 目的.We left early so that we could catch the first train.(说明 我们早出发的目的） 6.) 条件.I will not lend the book to

3、you unless you return it in time.(说明我借书给你的前提条件） 7.）让步.(Although he may have told you, I still think she is not to be trusted.(说明就算退一步讲，我也不信任她） 8.）方式.You should do as I tell you.(说明你要做的方式） 9.）比较.The room is bigger than that one.(形容/副词的比较用法） 2、 从句的连接词(根据从句类型来用）1.名词性从句- 主语从句 陈述句（that) 宾语从句-根据从句类型 一般疑问句

4、(weather/if) 表语从句 特殊疑问句(what/how/when/ 同位语.- where/why/who.)以宾从为例 陈述句：He said that he could help me.(I can help you) 一般问句 He asked weather/if I could help him.( Can you help me?) 特殊问句：He asked what I was doing.( What are you doing? He asked how I did it?.( How did you do it?)(2） 主语从句的倒装(it 作形式主语）Tha

5、t he is a doctor is true.= It is true that he is a doctor千真万确，他是个医生。Whether she comes or not makes no difference.= It is no difference whether she comes or not. 她来不来都没关系。Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.= It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.还不清楚谁对此事负责人。2. 定语

6、从句(根据先行词在从句中的成分确定） 主语（人）-who(that可代) 宾语（人）-whom(that可省可代） 主语（物）-which（that可代） 宾语（物）-which（that可省可代） 定语（人的）-whose （物的）-whose 状语(修饰动词状态） 时间 when 地点 where 原因 whyThe children who had been watching started to laugh.一直在旁观看的小孩们开始笑了起来。（人主-who/that)The boy (whom) you saw yesterday is here now.你昨天见到的那个男孩现在就在那

7、儿。（You saw the boy, 人宾-whom(that)可省可代）The house whose windows are broken is scary.窗户破了的那所房子很恐怖。（the windows of the house, 物的-whose=of which,定语)I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. 我永远不会忘记上大学的那一天。This is the factory where I worked three years ago.这就是我三年前工作过的工厂。（I worked in the

8、factory)He didnt tell me the reason why he was so sad.他没有告诉我他那么伤心的原因。( I dont know why he was so sad)(2) 限定性和非限定性.（不可用that）从句逗号，连接词从句作用限定非有不可无可省可代说明名词/代词非限定可有可无有“，”不省不代说明名/代词/句子This is the book which(that) he gave me.(限定性定从）He gave me a book yesterday, which is useful. （没有which句子完整，which不可省也不可用that来

9、代替） （3） As和which用于非限定定语从句 As “正如.”；(位置可前可后） Which “这.”（因果关系，位置：主句，which.)He was late again, as could be expected. 他又迟到了，正如预料的那样。He was late again, which made me angry.他又迟到了，这让我很生气。（4）介词+which/whom. （根据习惯搭配；上下文意义确定介词）The company in which I am working is a large one.我上班的那个公司是家大型公司。( I am working in th

10、e company. The company is a large one.The person with whom you talked is a famous writer. 和你谈话的那个人是一位有名的作家。（You talked with the person. The person is a famous writer) This is the program of which I was speaking.这就是我所说的节目。（I was speaking of the program. This is the program.) （5） 定语从句和同位语从句（修饰名词） 定从-根

11、据成分确定关联词（主宾定状，人/物） 同位语- 与被修饰名词是等同关系 根据从句类型确(陈述；一般、特殊） 对被修饰名词进一步说明The news which he told me made happy.(the news 物主-which)The news that he could come made me happy.(the news=he could come)（6）定语从句和强调句型 强调句型-It is /was+被强调部分（除谓语外）+that +. 定语从句-It is +名词/代词+ that+. It is in this shop that we met yesterd

12、ay. （去掉It is.that=We met in this shop yesterday) It is the shop where we met yesterday.(去掉It is.that句子不完整）（7）插入语 位置：在关联词之后 关联词不变 含义变窄They went to the place where they believed they could find food.This is the book which he said is useful for us.3. 状语从句的连接词-逐一记忆 1.) 时间.（1.） when 特指过去或将来的某一时刻（be doing

13、/be about to) 正当.突然 as 两个动作同时发生 while 一段时间 然而；却（AB两者的对比）He entered the room when the meeting was going on.(他进房间是会议进行的时候）He sang songs as he was talking a bath.(唱歌和洗澡两个动作同时进行）I stayed home while he was away.( 我待在家是在他离开的那段时间）He knew how to answer the question, while I couldnt answer it.(他知道答案与我不知道怎么回答

14、之间的对比） （2.） before (一段时间）之前 after 在.之后 until 直到.为止（A.延续.B） not.until 直到.才（A.非延续性动词.B，not放句首，需倒装）Ill wait until he comes back.我会等到他回来为止。Not until he told me did I know it.直到他告诉我，我才直到这个消息。 (3)一.就 as soon as he moment=the minute=the instant immediately once放句首须倒装 hardly/barely/scarcely.when No sooner.t

15、hanThe instant the result came out, she told us.结果一出来，她就告诉我们。Immediately he came home, I told him about it.他一回家，我就把消息告诉他）Jack had hardly seen me when he left the room.（4) any time随时；任何时候 each time 每次（个别） every time每次（整体） the day 那一天 the year那一年You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。Every

16、time I met him, I found him to be taller. 每次我见到他，感觉他又长高了。2. )地点. Where 特指 Wherever 泛指，无论何处 Everywhere每个地方 Anywhere 任何地方You should put the book where it was.Wherever you go, you must obey the law.不论到何处，都必须守法。Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.他们每到之处都受到又好接待。3. )原因. (因为） because+直接原因（主句+be

17、cause,不加so） As/since/now that/in that +间接原因 /seeing/considering that For +推测的根据（主句，+for)We did not go out because it was raining.(我们没外出的直接原因是下雨）It is morning, for the birds are singing. （根据鸟儿的歌唱声判断是清晨）4. )结果. 如此.以至于 so（形容词/副词）.that Such （名词）.that So that; that; so（放主句之后）He ran so fast that I couldnt

18、 catch up him.He gave me such good advice that I finish the task easily.He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.5. )目的. So that 为了（放主句前/后，常与情态动词can/should/will等连用） In order that 为了 Lest; for fear that 害怕；唯恐 In case 以防；万一 He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him.Take

19、a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.I hid the book for fear that she could see it.6. )条件. If 如果（强调两种可能性） Unless =if.not 如果.不（唯一条件） Only if “只要” （放句首要倒装） If only 但愿；要是（用虚拟语气）If you have a good eating habit, you can stay healthy.(如果有好的饮食习惯，就能保持健康，如果没有，就无法保持）I will not lend the book to you unle

20、ss you can return it in time.(我可以借书给你，前提是你要按时归还）Only if you study hard will you pass the final-examination. 只要你努力学习，就能通过期末考试。）If only it would stop raining.要是雨停了就好了(还在下雨，表达一种愿望） As long as 只要（后者的前提，说话者的愿望） On condition that 条件是（强调前提条件） Suppose/supposing假设 Given/provided that 鉴于(条件)Ill lend it to you

21、 as long as you take good care of it.Ill buy it on condition that the goods are of good quality.Suppose you had one million dollars, what would you do?7. )让步. 尽管 though（不用but) although(语气更重，多用于句首） 即使 (可能、假设） even if even though 无论 whether.or whenever whatever+名词 however+形容词 no matter what(how/where/when)Although he may have told you, I still think she is not to be trusted.尽管她可能告诉过你了，我还是觉得她不可信。I wont hire him though he is quite a capable man.他即便是个有能力的人，我也不想雇佣他。Even though I fail, Ill keep on trying.纵