宾语补足语的实用小结

1、宾语补足语的实用小结宾补的定义有些及物动词带了宾语后还需要有一个补足成分才能使句子完整，这个补足成分就叫做宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。主要有下面几种类型：1. 名词（或代词）+名词She found him a very clever boy. 2. 名词（或代词）+形容词He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting. 3. 名词（或代词）+副词或介词短语Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. To her sur

2、prise, she found herself in a different world. 4. 名词（或代词）+分词（分词短语）I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window. I was absent-minded when I heard my name called. 注意：在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：1）、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, s

3、top(阻止)等。 She caught her son smoking a cigarette. His words started me thinking.2）、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, comman

4、d, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。Their parents dont allow him to stay out late. 他父母不允许他在外面呆到很晚。3）、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe,

5、 listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。She was seen running away from the scene of the crime.有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开。I saw you put the key in your pocket.我见你把钥匙放进了口袋。5. 名词（或代词）+不定式1).to doThe villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.（ask tel

6、l beg force wish want expect advise permit order persuade）2) 省略 to 的不定式使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 的取舍问题：1）、在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等动词后的不定式需省去 to 。2）、feel 一词，跟 to be 型不定式带 to；跟 to do 型不定式不带 to。3）、help 一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可以不带 to。6. 名词（或代词）+从句We will make our hometown wha

7、t your hometown is now.7. 常见with+复合宾语有下列几种形式：1） with名词代词形容词 It is not good manners to speak with your mouth full 满嘴食物去说话是不礼貌的。 2） with名词代词副词 The city looks more beautiful with all the lights on 所有的灯亮起来，这座城市看起来更漂亮了。 3） with名词代词介词短语 The woman with a baby on her back lives downstairs 这个背着婴儿的妇女住在楼下。 4）

8、with名词代词不定式，不定式表示主动、将来的动作。 With you to help us, we are sure to finish the work on time 有你来帮忙，我们会按时完成任务的。 With so much work to do, we cant kill any time by playing cards 有这么多工作要做，我们没有时间打扑克。 5）with名词代词-ing形式，-ing形式表示主动或动作正在进行。 With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village 由一个男孩带路，他们朝那个村

9、子走去。 6） with名词代词过去分词，过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成。 With the problems settled, we all felt very happy 问题解决了，我们都感到很高兴。 7）with名词代词名词 China is a great country, with its capital Beijing. 中国是一个伟大的国家，首都是北京。8. 结构：主+谓语+ it +宾补+真正宾语I found it pleasant to be with your family.We think it out duty that we should help the poo

10、r.在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. Do you consider it any good trying again?We all thought it a pity that you couldnt join us.注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有： feel, find, think, make, take, ju

11、dge, consider 等。宾语补足语专项练习一、单项选择：1. The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play2. I feel _ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.A. that B. how C. it D. what3. It is wise to have some money _ for old age.A. put away B. kept up C. given away

12、D. laid up4. He slipped into the room, without himself _.A. seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see5. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdly6. I think _ necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard

13、.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. You cant have the horse _ all the way. Its too hot.A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running9. When I came back, I found the house _ and everything _.A. was broken; took away B. broken into; taken away C. had been broken; taken D. break into; take aw

14、ay10. I heard that you were elected _ this time.A. monitor B. the monitor C. a monitor D. my monitor11. When I came back, I found nobody _. It was empty.A. on B. out C. in D. away12. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _.A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard13. For a time hi

15、s grandmother found _ accept his new idea.A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to14. Tell him _ the window.A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut15. -Theres a hole in your bag. - I know, Im going to have it _.A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended16. Though he had o

16、ften made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister.A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry17. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going18. I found the door _ when I got home.A. opened B.

17、 close C. unlocking D. open19. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to20. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on21. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elec

18、ted president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled22. I advised _ at once. A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start 23. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still _.A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating24. You

19、 had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out25. He managed to make himself_ with his_ English.A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken二、单句改错：1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make

20、himself understand.2. We all elected Jason the monitor.3. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.4. - What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! - During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.5. Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.6. He pushed the door opening.7. S

21、he looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.8. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.9. When I came in, I found a boy hide behind the door.10. I really dont know what to do if you always keep your eyes fixing upon me.三、句子翻译：1. 他告诉我要尽快完成作业。2. 课后他们被允许在教师里讲话。3. 医生劝我爸爸戒烟，吸烟对身体不好。4. 有人听到他们唱了一首歌。5. 他们给那个男孩取名为