新概念英语第三册讲义_Lesson1

1、新概念三册讲义Lesson 1 A puma at large学生姓名就读学校 时 间1. A puma at largeatlarge意为“逍遥自在的；未捕获的。通常用来指具有危险性的人或事物未被控制的状态。e.g.the escaped murderer at large 仍在逍遥法夕卜的在逃杀人犯The disease is still at large .此种疾病仍在蔓延。2. Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America.美洲狮是一种体型似猫的大动物，产于美洲。(1) cat-like为派生词，由词根(名词)

2、+后缀(-like )构成。后缀-like 表示“像一似的”、“有一特征的”：e.g. doglike像狗似的womanlike女人似的(2) find v. used to say that sth. exists, grows, etc. somewhere (在某处)存在，生长e.g. These flowers are found only in Africa.这些花仅见于非洲I。3. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty -five miles south of London

3、, they were not taken seriously.当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一头野生美洲狮时，这些报告并没有收到重视。(1) spot v. to see or notice a person orthing, especially suddenly or when it is not easy to do so看见；看出；发现e.g. I finally spotted my friend in the crowd.我终于在人群中看见了我的朋友。Can you spot the difference between these two pictures?

4、你能不能看出这两幅画有什么不同?(2) take sth. seriously 认真对待e.g. Nearly everyone had warned him of the danger, but he didn take it seriously . t几乎每个人都警告过他有危险，但他并未把它当回事儿。4. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed

5、 to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到 过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。(1)从属连词as在此处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”、“当时”e.g. As she talked on she got more and more worried. 她越说越焦虑。(2) accumulate v. to gradually get more and more of sth. over a period of time积累；积聚e.g. By inve

6、sting wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她投资精明，积累了一笔财富。(3) investigate v. If someone, especially an official, investigates an event, situation, or claim, they try to find out what happened or what is the truth. 调查； 审查e.g. The FBI has been called in to investigat e.联邦调查局奉命进行调查。(4) oblige v. to force s

7、b. to do sth, by law, because it is a duty, etc.(以法律、义务等)强迫，迫使常见搭配：oblige sb. to do sth.迫使某人做某事但此动词，常用于被动语态：be/ feel obliged to do sth.被迫做某事；感到不得不做某事 e.g. The police obliged the onlookers to leave.警察迫使围观者离开。He suffered a serious injury that obliged him to give up work .他受伤严重，不得已只好放弃工作。Parents are ob

8、liged by law to send their children to school.法律规定父母必须送子女上学。I felt obliged to ask them to dinner.我不得不请他们吃饭。(5)句中的for为并列连词，可用来表示因果关系，通常用来引导一件事情事后想到的原因，更类似于 置于括号内的说明性文字。由于这些特征，因此在使用时不可直接用其引导原因状语从句，或像原 因状语从句那样置于句首，如不可说：* For I was feeling quite hungry, I decided to stop and have lunch.而应说：I decided to

9、stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry(6) claim v. If you say that someone claims that something is true, you mean they say that it is true but you are not sure whether or not they are telling the truth. 声称； 断言e.g. He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。(7)

10、 to have seen为动词不定式的完成时结构，表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词claimed之前。5. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw large cat only five yards away from her.搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时看见“一只大猫” 离她仅5码远。picking blackberries为现在分词短语作定语，后置修饰 woman。现在分词/分词短语作定语时含有进行、 持续和主动的含义，

11、因此可以将其译为正在采摘黑莓的妇女。e.g. Tell those children playing outside not to make so much noise.让在外边玩耍的孩子别这么吵。6. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will notattack a human being unless it is cornered.她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮除非被逼到得走投无路，否则是决不会 伤人的。(1)此处will不是用来表示将来时的助动词，而是用来表

12、示习惯性或动作特征的情态助动词，通常表示“就”、“就会”、“总是”之意。e.g. He will never let anybody know what he is doing. 他从不让任何人知道他在干什么。(2) confirm v. to state or show that sth. is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence(由指提供证据来)证实，证明，确认e.g. His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions. 他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。It has

13、been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week. 已经确定会议各于下周召开。(3) corner v. to get a person or an animal into a place or situation from which they cannot escape使(人或动物)走投无路；逼入绝境e.g. Never corner an opponent, and always assist him in saving his face.永远不要把对手逼入绝境，相反，要帮他挽回面子。The man was finally

14、 cornered by police in a garage.那名男子最终被警方逼到了车库里。7. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening.事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里以外的乙地发现它的踪迹。(1) prove v. If something proves to be true, it becomes c

15、lear after a period of time that it is true.证明是；原来是；结果是e.g. The promotion proved to be a turning point in his career.这次提升最后证明是他职业生涯的一个转折点。In the past this process of transition has often proven difficult.过去这一过渡过程常常很艰难。(2) observe v. to see or notice sb./ sth.看至U ；注意至U;观察至Ue.g. Have you observed any

16、changes lately?最近你注意到什么变化没有？She observed that all the chairs were already occupied.她发现所有的椅子都有人坐了。(3)句中twenty miles away为定语，置后彳饰place。在英语中，一些常见的表示地点或时间的副词可用 来置于名词之后作定语修饰这一名词。e.g.表地点：the way ahead前面的路his trip abroad他的出国旅行the sentencebelow 下面的句子表时间：the meeting yesterday 昨天的会议their stay overnight他们整夜的逗留

17、8. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.无论它走到哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿以及死兔子之类的小动物。(1) behind it为状语，由于句中宾语部分较长，为使句子结构更为紧凑，这样就将其置于宾语a trail of之前。(2) leave sth. behind 把留在身后；忘带；在之后造成/产生”。e.g. She went out in a hurry and left the keys behind her at home.她匆匆出去，把钥匙忘

18、在了家中。The storm left a heap of destruction behind it. 风暴过后，留下了大量毁坏物。9. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes.(1) a number of 意为许多” 常为复数形式。在许多地方看见了爪印，灌木丛中也发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。,用来修饰可数名词复数。当使用其构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词通e.g. An increasing number of students have made use of

19、this newly-built library.越来越多的学生利用了这座新建的图书馆。(2) clinging to bushes为现在分词短语，作主语 puma fur的主语补足语(3) cling vi. Something that is clinging to something else is stuck on it or just attached to it. 粘住； 粘附e.g. The wet shirt clung to his chest.湿衬衫紧贴在他的胸部。除了表达“粘在 上”外，还用来表示“坚持”“萦绕于”之意：e.g. cling to the last hop

20、e 抱定最后希望The smell of smoke still clung to her clothes.烟味仍附着在她的衣服上不散。His friend s ldst words clung to his memory.他朋友最后说的话一直萦绕在他的脑际。10. Several people complained of-like ntises at night and a businessman on a fishing tripsaw the puma up a tree.有人抱怨说夜里听见了 “像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。(1) complain抱怨；诉苦作

21、不及物动词时的常见用法：complain about / of抱怨/埋怨complain to sb. about / of 向某人抱怨 /埋怨e.g. You indeed have nothing to complain of .你的确没什么可抱怨的。Shes now complaining to the manager about the service. 她正向经理抱怨服务质量不好。作及物动词时，常用 complain that从句结构：e.g. Shecomplained that he had always been rude to her.她抱怨说他一直对她很粗鲁。(2) up

22、a tree作宾语补足语，说明 puma的状况。11. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢?(1) convince v. to make sb/yourself believe that sth. is true 使确信；使相信；使信服 ()常见用法：convince sb. of使某人深信convince sb. that e.g. You ll needdovince them o

23、f your enthusiasm for the job.你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。I couldn cortvince him of his mistake. / I couldn dortvince him that he was mistaken.我无法说服他认识错误。(2)此处was用斜体，含强调之意，意为“确定是”，需予重度。12. As no puma had been reported missing from any zoo on the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private

24、 collector and somehow managed to escape.由于全国的动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏家眷养 的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。 I(1) missing from any zoo 为现在分词短语作主语补足语(2) must have been在must后使用完成时结构，用来表示对过去事情的推测。e.g. You must have seen him yesterday.你昨天肯定见至 U了 他。The lights have gone out. A fuse must have blown .灯灭了。肯定是保险丝烧了。但在疑问句和否定句中表示对过去事情的推测时用can和can t :e.g. I don t thicannhave heard you. Call again.我想他肯定没听到你的声音，再喊他。Where can John have put the matches? He can t have thrownhem away.约翰能把火柴放在哪儿呢？他不会把它们扔掉的。(3) be in the possession of属于；为 所有。含被动意味，其主语应为物。be in possession of拥有，含主动意味，其主语应为人。e.g. He