ING分词英语语法详解

1、ING 分词英语语法详解 1内 容 提 要-ING 分词也是动词的非限定性形式 , 由动词原形 +-ING构成 , 在句中可以直接作主语 , 也 可用形式主语 it 来代替 , 而把 -ING 分词放到后边 ; 可以作表语 ; 作宾语时对动词有一定的要求 , 有的动词只能跟接 -ING 分词 , 有的动词则既可以跟不定式也可以跟 -ING 分词 , 而且 -ING 分 词还可作介词的宾语 ; 在作宾语补足语时对动词也有一定的要求 ; 作状语时 ,-ING 分词要与其 逻辑主语呼应 , 否则就要用独立结构 ;-ING 分词作定语时相当于一个定语从句。跟动词不定 式一样 ,-ING 分词也有它的完

2、成时态、 被动语态和否定形式 ; 最后我们还要了解 -ING 分词的 逻辑主语问题。第一节 -ING 分词的形式-ING 分词是指由动词原形 +-ING构成的、具有完成时态和被动语态的一种非谓语动词 形式 , 具体形式如下主动形式 被动形式一般时 doing being done完成时 having done having been done就其语法功能而言 , 它可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。 第二节 -ING 分词的用法一、 作主语1. 一般形式1 the matriculation for postgraduate is probably the turning poin

3、t of my life. A Taking the part of B Taking part in C To take the part of D To take the notice in2 a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe. A As B To beC IsD Being3 by transforming the blame to others is often called scapegoating. AEliminate problemsBThe eliminate

4、d problemsCEliminating problemsDProblems are eliminated2. 有时可以用 it 做形式主语Its waste of time arguing with the gossip about it.Its interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year.说明 :从这句中我们可以看出 , 这种结构通常适用于名词和形容词。但不适用于像 possible, important, essential, necessary 等表示性质的形容词 , 这些词后面一般要跟动词不定式。我们不能说 Its quit

5、e necessary taking part in the negotiation.应改作 Its quite necessary to take part in the negotiation.Its glorious getting involved in working out the plan.4 It is_.A possible determining that B French explorers reached the juncture of C the Kansas and Missouri rivers D in the seventeenth century.ING 分

6、词英语语法详解 2二、作表语的 -ING 分词Seeing is believing.His aims are learning two foreign languages and applying the theory he has learned to practice.三、 -ING 分词作动词宾语1. 一类是动词或短语后边跟宾语的非限定性动词只能是 -ING 分词 , 如 :acknowledge, admit(坦 白 , 承 认 , advise, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, cant help, consider, contem

7、plate(深思 , delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape(躲过 , 避开 , excuse, fancy, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep on, justify, mean(意味着 , 等于 , mind(在乎 , miss, postpone, practise, prohibit, put off, quit, recall, regret, resist, resume, risk(冒险干 , suggest, threaten。5 By taking the back way he escaped.A

8、 to be seen B have been seen C seeing D being seen6 I came late and missed Jack winning.A to seeB seeingC seeD seen7 I see our boss coming down the hall.Then wed better quit and get down to business.A talkingB to talkC from talkingD having talk8 The young doctor first A practised to use B the needle

9、s on C his own D wrist.9 Some experts have advocated to bring A that country into B the talks, to revive the intermittent dialogue C that began D after the 1967 Middle East War. 2. 另一类动词后边作宾语的非限定性动词可以是 -ING 分词的动名词 , 也可以是动词不 定式 , 如 :attempt, begin, cant bear, cease, continue, deserve, endure, forget,

10、 go on, hate, intend, like, love, need, neglect, omit, plan, prefer, propose, regret, remember, start , stop, try等。 (动词后接 -ING 和不定式时在用法上的区别在下一章讲 10 Whats wrong with Henry? He needs.A cheer upB to be cheer upC cheering upD to cheered up11 Any such news would start her .A to worryB worryingC worryD wo

11、rried3. -ING 分词作宾语还有下一结构 , 即用 it 代表 -ING 分词 , 而把 -ING 分词短语放到句子 的后边去I consider it worthwhile spending ten thousand yuan on the furniture./Marry fount it marvellous having a journey with him.四、 -ING 结构作介词的宾语几乎所有介词 , 不管是单个介词还是介词词组 , 不管它们是谓语动词的组成部分与否 , 都能 用 -ING 分词的动名词作其宾语。 所以 ,-ING 结构作介词宾语的时候很多。 -ING 结

12、构一般作 介词短语的宾语 , 主要有以下搭配关系1. 动词 +介词 + -ING12 Scientists measure the hardnessA of a material B by comparativelyC with a table of ten well-known D metals.13 Her mother did not_.A approve of her to go B to the party without dressing C formally D . 14 Although many womens collegesA have been coeducational

13、 B , other universities remain committed to keep C their facilities separate D .15 We insist on you leave_.A the place before B any further C disturbances take place D .2. 名词 (形容词 , 不及物动词 +介词 to(不要把它视为动词不定式的标志 。下面是大纲中所列短语中的 to 为介词 :(be contrary to (与 相反 ,object(objectionto (反对 , with a view to (为 起见

14、 ,(be opposed to (反对 , in contrast to (与 成对比 ,be used to (习惯于 , be exposed to, be dedicated to (致力于 ,resort to (诉诸于 , as to (关于 , be accustomed to (习惯于 , be devoted to (献身于 , be committed to (委身于 , react to (对 反应 , with regard to (关于 , look forward to (期待 , contribute to (贡献 ,owe to由于 , 归功于等16 I hav

15、e no objection the evening with them.A to spend B to spending C to have spent D to have to spend17 Why do you object to the direction?A following B follow C have follow D have been followed18 Mr. Brown often wore A a heavy coat B because he was not used to live C in such a D cold climate.19 Livy was

16、 the A only great historian of the time B , and he devoted his attention to give C the world splendid D pictures.3. 动词 +副词 +介词 + -INGI look forward to her coming soon.4. 形容词 (或具有形容词性质的 -ED 分词 +介词 + -INGI am proud of having such a son.He is greatly honored of shaking hands with the President.Its impo

17、ssible for him finishing the task in such a short time.He is interested in playing table tennis.5. 表示征询意见的 How about?, Whatabout?How about going there?What about having a concert?20 How about to the movies tonight?A goingB if goC to goD if we go6. 前面省略了介词 in 的 -ING 惯用法The two children are busy doing

18、 their homework.Mr. Smith has difficulty fulfilling the task.There is no use going over the lessons before the night of exam.He has spent a lot of time preparing the exam for the postgraduate. Xiao Li lost no time catching up with his classmates.There is no point arguing with him.ING 分词英语语法详解 3五、 -I

19、NG 结构作宾语补足语1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词 , 如 hear, feel, find, give, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch等词的宾语可以用 -ING 作宾语补语21 Where are the children? I saw in the yard.A them to play B them played C them playing D to them playing22 I must say I dont like to hear you like that.A talkingB to talk

20、C have to talkD talked2. 表示 致使 等意义的动词 , 如 catch, have, get, keep, leave, setI am sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.What you have told left me thinking that you experienced much when you wereyoung.3. 其他动词宾语的补语23 The average age A of the Mediterranean B olive trees grow C today is two hund

21、red years D .六、 -ING 结构作状语-ING 结构作状语表示主语在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作 , 它对谓语动词起修饰 或陪衬的作用。这时要注意 -ING 与其逻辑主语在时态、意义上的统一1. 表示时间和伴随 一般放在句首 , 有时可放在句中Coming into the room, I found him sobbing. (=When I came into the room, I found him sobbing. 在这里 coming 这一 -ING 分词动作发生时 , 紧接着 (几乎是同时 发生 了谓语动作 , 有 一 就 的意思。Pulling his bod

22、y in the car, he drove away.(=After he pulled his body in the car, he drove away.24 Those naughty boys were caught flowers in the garden again.Ato stealBstealingC having stolenDstolen25 Daniel walked up and down A as he listened, hands behind B his back, now and then C asked D a question.2. 表示方式Bein

23、g a clever girl, she was sent to college by her father.(此例不可改成 :Being a clever girl, her father sent her to college.因为分词短语的逻辑主语不是 her father , 而只能是 she 。 如果 -ING 分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 ,-ING 分词前可以加when,while 等连词 , 可放 在句首 或句末 :When arriving home, he found the door opened. / He listened to the music

24、radio while reading.26 ,Tony jumped into the river and saved the drowning man.A Good swimer as he is B He can swim very wellC Being that he was a good swimmer D Being a good swimmer27 the kind of man he was, he did not pay much attention to it at first. A To beB BeingC Having beenD Though to be28 Wa

25、s a dancer A and blues singer before B the age of eight C ,Florence Mills made her D vaudeville debut(轻歌舞首演 in 1910.3. 表示原因Not having had any letter from Tom, Marry was worried.(=Marry was worried because she did not have any letter from Tom.Having got a headache, I didnt come to the concert. (=Beca

26、use I got a headache, I didnt come to the concert.29 Most of the people, , could not go to sleep that night after the party. being so excitedA being so excited B be so excited C being so exciting D be so exciting 30 Having the highest marks in his class, .A the college offered him a scholarship B he

27、 was offered a scholarship by the collegeC a scholarship was offered him by the college D a college scholarship was offered to him4. 表示条件 :一般放在句首Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all. (=If I know anything about it, I will tell you all.Working diligently, you will pass the entrance exam. (=I

28、f you work diligently, you will pass the entrance exam.5. 表示让步 :表示让步的 -ING 分词常常由 although/though, even if/though, unless等连词引入 , 一般放在句首Having great diffculties in the course of working, they finished the task ahead of time.Buying a lot of reference books for the exam, he failed in it because of the l

29、earning method.Although repeating his words many times, the teacher could not make his students understand the concept of philosophy.Even if coming by taxi, I will arrive in at least 45 minutes.6. 表示结果 :置于句末 , 前面要加 so, thereby, thus, hence等表示结果的副词He worked day and night, making himself near sighted.

30、Not making what he meant misunderstood, he adjusted his tones to underline his meaning.The workers worked 14 hours a day, thus producing products three times as they did last month.He wished to travel all over the world, thereby studying customs of other countries.31 The bus was held up by the traff

31、ic jam, _.A thus causing the delayB so that caused the delayC to cause the delayD caused the delayING 分词英语语法详解 4七、 -ING 分词作定语-ING 分词可以单独作定语 , 也可以构成合成词作定语 , 但在更多情况下是分词短语作定语 , 包括限定性和非限定性 (用逗号与其他部分分开 , 在意义上相当于一个定语从句 (包括限定性 定语从句和非限定性定语从句 32 Jacob Lawrence executed many cycles of paintings significant so

32、cial themes. A expressed B expressing C express D expression of33 The name Nebraska comes from the Oto Indian word nebrathka, flat water. A to mean B meaning C it means D by meanig34 The production of tin ore in the United States is relatively insignificant, less than one hundred tons annually.A amo

33、unting to B in the amount C amounts to it D to the amount of 八、 -ING 的完成时、被动语态与否定形式1. 如果 -ING 分词表示的是一般性动作 ,(即不指明是现在、过去或将来 不表示动作的先 后或与谓语所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生 , 这时要用 -ING 的一般形式35 Revolution means the productive forces.A to liberate B to have liberated C liberating D having been liberated 36 It is a simple m

34、atter A to have found B the density of a gas C from its formula D .2. 但如果 -ING 分词所表示的动作先于句子谓语发生 , 就要用 (nothaving+-ED分词 表示完成时37 by the journey, he went to bed immediately after he came back home. A Being exhausted B To have exhausted C Having exhausted D Having been exhausted38 with an accedent, he a

35、rrived at the station ten minutes late.A Having met B To have met C Meeting D Having been met3. 当非限定性动词 -ING 的逻辑主语是 -ING 所表示的动作对象时要用 -ING 的被动形式 , 包括其一般形式 (notbeing + -ED分词和完成形式 (nothaving been +-ED分词 39 Solids, liquids, and gases at rest all have a tendency to resist in motion. A settingB to setC be

36、ing setD to be set40 Upon questioning A he denied having killed B the old woman with C the home-made D gun.4. -ING的否定形式是把 not 加在 -ING 的前边41 of the change in the meeting time, Mike arrived late.A Not having notifiedB Not notifyingC Not to notifyD Not having been notified42 I regret hard at school.A n

37、ot to have workedB not having workedC not have workedD having not worked九、 -ING 分词的逻辑主语1. -ING 分词除了具 有动词的特点 以外 , 它 还有名词的特点 , 即可 以加物主代词 (如 my,your,his 等 和名词的属格 (如 Wang Qings 等 来表示其逻辑主语 (这时 -ING 的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致 43 I suggest on an excursion this Sunday.A we are going B to go C us going D our going44 on a

38、 clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A If walking B While walking C Walking D When one is walking45 Marta A being chosen B as the most outstanding C student on her campus made her parents D very happy.2. 还有一种 -ING 分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的情况 , 这时直接可用 -ING 分词的

39、 主语 +-ING来表示 , 这样的 -ING 分词短语可由介词引导。这种结构叫独立结构46 A new technique , the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A to have been worked out B having worked outC working out D having been worked out47 Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work , we declined the offer.A not bei

40、ng finishedB not having finishedC had not been finishedD was not finished3. 如果逻辑主语已和句子主语一致 , 那么其逻辑主语就可省略 (在使用这种用法时要注 意 :-ING分词所表示的动作 ZZ(一定 ZZ是主语所发出的 , 也就是说 -ING 分词的逻辑主语 ZZ(一定 ZZ是主句的主语。试比较下列句子 Getting into the room, I smelled a terrible smell.(getting 是 I 的动作 Getting into the room, it give a terrible

41、 smell. (错误 Walking through the forest, we found many strange animals. (walking 是 we 发 出的 Walking through the forest, a lot of animals are there. (错误 Looking out of the window of our hotel room, we saw zigzag mountains. (Looking的使动者是 weLooking out of the window of our hotel room, there were zigzag m

42、ountians.(错 误 48 Never attempting to be a literary stylist, in her novels.A she considered the plot the most important elementB the most important element considered to be the plotC considering the plot the most important elementD the plot was considered to be the most important element49 with the n

43、ew method, the material does not break up easily.A To have treated B Having treated C Being treated D Having been treated 50 Attempting to reach his home before the storm, .A the bicycle of John broke downB it happened that Johns bike broke down C the storm caught JohnD John had an accident on his b

44、icycle4. -ING分词的主语可以与做主语的名词或代词 (即代词的主格 一致 , 放在 -ING 前边 , 与 -ING 分词构成逻辑上的 主谓 关系。 但是 ,-ING 分词 (还有 -ED 分词 短语作状语时 , 也可 以有自己独立的逻辑上的 主语 。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系 , 叫做独立结构。在 很多情况下它都相当于各种形式的状语 , 表示一种伴随的动作或情况51 Weather , well go sightseeing.52 There are four factories in our institute, .A each to have over 100 worke

45、rsB each having over 100 wordersC which there are over 100 workersD with each that has over 100 workers 53 We went to A the World Park, Xiao Wang act B as guide for C he had been there several times D.ING 分词英语语法详解 5十、习惯用法1. There is no +-ING分词 , 表示 不可能 There is no getting along with him.(无法和他相处。 2.

46、It(There is no use (good +-ING分词 , 表示 无用 = It is of no use (good to +V: There(It is no use advising him to give up smoking.(劝他戒烟是徒劳的。 3. be busy(worth+-ING分词 (忙于 He is busy mapping out his plans for the next semester.4. feel like+-ING分词 (想 I dont feel like eating just now.(我现在不想吃。 5. What do you say to+-ING分词 ?( 怎么样 ?What do you say to joining us for dinner?(和我们一起进餐 , 你看怎么样 ?6. spend+时间 +(in+-ING分词Jane spent several days (in preparing for the final exams.(简花了好几天时间准备 期末考试。 7.dif