高中英语语法非谓语动词专项讲解

1、非谓语动词一:基本形态及表达作用1. 一般式不定式 (to + do1.1说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后,多数是那些表愿望的词:want; hope; expect; wish 等。 I want to go home. I hope to see you.1.2说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生,多数是那些省略不定式符号的词,一般是复 合宾语。 I saw him come in.He helped him (to carry things.2. 一般式动名词 V-ing2.1表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。 We enjoyed seeing the film. I am th

2、inking of taking over the job.2.2在动词 insist on; rely on; count on(相信 等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。 He insisted on doing that work2.3在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词 on; upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓 语动词表示的动作先发生。 I remember seeing him before. On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.3. 一般式分词3.1现在分词 v+ing说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示

3、的动作同时发生。 He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room.说明分词表示的动作发生之后,句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。 Entering the room, I found nobody in.Turning to the right, you will find the post office.3.2过去分词I can't find my lost pen.well-known in this country.4. 完成式不定式 to+have done4.1说明行为动词在谓

4、语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。 I'm sorry to have troubled you. He is said to have come here.He is thought to have done it.He is believed to have done it.He seemed to have known it.4.2在 wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后,说明行为动词没有实 现。 We wished to have done this.I expected to have left by then.(=I

5、had expected to heave by then.5. 完成式动名词 having+done说明动名词表示的动作,此句中动词表示的动作先发生。 We regret having told you the news.After having finished his work, he went home.He denied having broke the glasses.6. 完成式分词 having+done说明分词表示的动作, 此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 多数表示一些瞬时间动词。 如果 是 hear; see或表示位置转移的动词 arrive; leave; turn; o

6、pen.不用完成时 Having finished his work, he went home.Sitting down with him, we begun to discuss it.Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.二:非谓语动词用法对比(一不定式与动名词做主语:1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。例 如:Collecting information about childrens health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的 工作。Its necessary to di

7、scuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师 讨论这个问题是有必要的。2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:2.1 Its difficult (important, necessary for sb. to do2.2 Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave of sb. to do.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有:Its no good (use, fun doing.Its (a waste of time on

8、es doing.Its worth while doing.(二不定式、动名词、分词做表语:1、不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。His teaching aim of this class is to train the students speaking ability. 他这节课的教学目 的是要训练学生说的能力。2、动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释,这时主语与表语位置可以互换,动名词常用于口语 中。Its full-time job is laying eggs. 它的(指蚁后的专职工作是产卵。3、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征;进行时表示正在进行的动作。The t

9、ask of this class is practising the idioms. (现在分词做表语With the help of the teacher, the students are practising the idioms. (现在进行时4、常用作表语的现在分词有:interesting, amusing, disappointing, missing, puzzling, exciting, inspiring, following等。现在分词表示进行与主动。The joke is amusing .这笑话很逗人。The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令

10、人不解。5、过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所 承受的动作。The village is surrounded by high mountains.(过去分词做表语The enemy was surrounded by the Red Army.(被动语态He is well educated.(过去分词做表语He has been educated in this college for three years.(被动语态常用在句中做表语的过去分词有:used, closed, covered, interested, followed, satis

11、fied, surrounded, done, lost, decided, prepared, saved, shut, won, completed, crowded, dressed, wasted, broken, married, unexpected 等。6、注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同:interest (使 感兴趣 , surprise (使 吃惊 , frighten (使 害怕 , excite (使 兴奋 , tire (使 疲劳, please (使 满意, puzzle (使 迷惑不解, satisfy (使 满意, amuse (使 娱乐, disapp

12、oint (使 失望, inspire (使 欢欣鼓舞, worry (使 忧 虑它们的现在分词常修饰物(有时修饰人,表示主动,过去分词常修饰人,表示被动(包括 某人的 look 、 voice 等。例如:Climbing is tiring. 爬山很累人。They are very tired. 他们很疲劳After hearing the exciting news, he gave a speech in an excited voice.(三 不定式与动名词做宾语:1、下列动词跟不定式做宾语:want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care, d

13、ecide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, cause, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise等。2、在下列动词或动词短语后用动名词做宾语:enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent

14、(from, keepfrom, stop(from, protectfrom, set about, be engaged in, spend(in, succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on等。3、在 forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean等动词后跟不定式与动名词意义不同,不 定式表示谓语动词之后的动作,而动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,常用一般式 doing 代替完成式 having done.He forgot to te

15、ll me to post the letter.(他忘了叫我发信。I shall never forget finding that rare stamp on an ordinary envelope. 我永远也忘不了在一 个普通信封上发现了那枚珍贵的邮票。Remember to write to us when you get there. 到那里,记得给我们写信。I dont remember meeting him. 我不记得见过他。I regret to tell you that I cant go to your birth-day party. 我很遗憾告诉你我不能去参加你的

16、 生日晚会了。They regretted agreeing to the plan. 他们后悔同意这个计划。He tried to pretend to share in the pleasure with his friend. 他尽力假装与朋友分享欢乐。She tried reading a novel, but that couldnt make her forget her sorrow. 她试着看看小说, 但也不能使她忘记伤心事。I didnt mean to hurt you. 我没有企图伤害你。A friend indeed means helping others for nothing in return. 真正的朋友意指不图回报地帮 助别人。4、动名词作 need, want, require, be worth的宾语时,用主动式代替被动式。The washing-machine needs repairing.(或用:needs to be repaired这台洗衣机需要修 理。The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。This En