英文疾病介绍――Hypertension

1、Hypertension高血压病What Is Hypertension?Hypertension (HTN is a chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is elevated(提高的 .High blood pressure (also called hypertension is a serious illness that affects nearly 65 million adults in the United States. High blood pressure is oft

2、en called a "silent killer" because many people have it but don't know it. Over time, people who do not get treated for high blood pressure can get very sick or even die.DiagnosisBlood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers - for example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg

3、. One or both of these numbers can be too high.The top number is called the systolic blood pressure, and the bottom number is called the diastolic blood pressure.Normal blood pressure is when your blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time.High blood pressure (hypertension is when you

4、r blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time.If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or higher, but below 140/90, it is called pre-hypertension.Classification Of HypertensionHypertension is classified as either primary (essential hypertension or secondary hypertension; about 90 95% of

5、 cases are categorized as "primary hypertension" which means high blood pressure with no obvious underlying medical cause. The remaining 5 10% of cases (secondary hypertension are caused by other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system.Causes Of Hypertension

6、Genes (遗传因素Diet (膳食因素Social And Mental Condition(社会心理应激因素Stress (压力 Anger (愤怒 Frightened (惊吓Others (其它因素Obesity (bi:sti:肥胖症 Smoke (吸烟 Older Age(老龄 Inactivity (缺乏锻炼 Race (种族Who is at risk?Anyone can have high blood pressure. Some people are more likely to have high blood pressure including: African A

7、mericans(more sensitive to salt People over age 55 People with a family history of high blood pressureYour chances of having high blood pressure are higher if you: Are overweight, Eat foods high in salt Do not get regular exercise, Smoke Drink alcohol heavily, Under Stress, anger, frightened or sad

8、in a long time. Hypertension SymptomsHigh blood pressure is sometimes called a silent killer(无症状杀 伤者 because it may have no outward symptoms for years (可能没有 外在症状长达数年 .In fact, one in five people with the condition dont know they have it. Internally(nt:nl , 在体内地 , it can quietly damage the heart, lun

9、gs, blood vessels, brain, and kidneys if left untreated. Its a major risk factor for strokes(中风 /脑卒中 and heart attacks(心脏病 . Pathological Changes(病变 高血压性心脏病:Left ventricle in hypertensive heart disease. 左心室壁明显增厚Primary granular(grænjl ,颗粒状的 atrophy(ætrfi:,萎缩 of the kidney (原发性颗粒性固缩肾 :with

10、clearly recognizable granular surface of the kidney. (肾表面出现清晰可辨的颗粒物 Arteriolar(:ti ri ul ,小动脉的 nephrosclerosis(nefr skli r usis (细动脉性肾硬化 :Severe arteriolar nephrosclerosis(严重 细动脉性肾硬化 . Nodular(ndjul (结节性 hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage (高血压病脑出血 :Internalcapsule(内囊 or Basal ganglia(beis l æli ,

11、 基底神经节 instead of blood clots(被血凝块代替 .Hypertensive retinopathy(retin p i, 视网膜病变 (高血压性视 网膜病变Complications(并发症 When blood pressure is not well controlled, you are at risk for: Bleeding from the aorta(e :t,主动脉出血 , the large blood vessel that supplies blood to the abdomen(æbd m n, pelvis(pelv s, an

12、d legs(给腹部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管 Chronic kidney disease(慢性肾疾病 Heart attack and heart failure(心脏病和心力衰竭 Poor blood supply to the legs(下肢供血不足 Stroke(中风 /脑卒中 Problems with your vision(视觉障碍 Treatment The DASH Diet - Dietary Approaches(饮 食 疗 法 to Stop Hypertension - involves eating more fruits, vegetables, whole-gr

13、ain foods(全谷类食物 , low-fat dairy(低脂奶 , fish, poultry(禽肉 , and nuts(坚果 . You should eat less red meat(红肉 , saturated fats(饱和脂肪 , and sweets(甜食 . Exercise Medications: Diuretics(da ju ret k(利 尿 药 Beta-blockers(-阻 断 剂 ACE Inhibitors(n h b t (r(血 管 紧 张 素 转 换 酶 抑 制 剂 ARBs(肾 上 腺 素 能 受 体 结 合 剂 Calcium Chann

14、el Blockers(钙通道阻滞剂 Complementary Therapies(补充医学疗法 :Yoga(瑜伽 , tai chi (太极 , and deep breathing(深呼吸 also help. PreventionAdults over 18 should have their blood pressure checked regularly. Lifestyle changes may help control your blood pressure. Exercise often. Eat foods low in salt. Lose weight or keep weight at a healthy level. Do not smoke. Limit alcohol.Medical words:Obesity (bi:sti:肥胖症 granular(grænjl , 颗粒状的 atrophy(ætrfi:, 萎缩 Arteriolar(:tiriul , 小动脉的 nephrosclerosis(nefrskl