如何学好英语（夏习文）

1、如何学好英语 安龙二中教师 夏习文 同学们，你们也许认为英语很难学，因为你们在小学时英语老师只带领你们读和死记单词。读“累”了记“厌”了，过一段时间又“忘”了。所以你们认为英语“太难”了。其实英语是一门语言学科，它包含了“听、说、读、写”四个方面的内容。只要掌握了这四个方面的内容，学英语就很简单了。那么如何做好这四个方面呢？下面让我给你们讲述一些容易掌握、事半功倍、轻松愉快学好英语的方法。一，学习英语音标是学习英语或学好英语的第一步。因为英语中的“听、说、读、”都离不开“音”。为什么这样说呢？因为英语是一门语言学科。 语言是在人们劳动的过程中产生的，语言的本质就是一种交流工具，表情达意是其主要

2、作用，语音是其传递意义的外在形式。如果语音传递有误，则表达的意思也会产生误差。 英语的语音也就是英语音标。因英语这种语言不同于汉语的发音规律，所以，我们在学习英语时更应把“准确掌握英语音标”做为学好英语的第一步。准确掌握英语音标不仅仅可以做到发音正确、表达清晰、更重要的一点是：英语音标可培养我们良好的语感，使英语单词记背变得简单易行。通过音标的学习，我们掌握了发音规律和拼读规律，这样就可借助词典进行自主学习了，从而摆脱了依赖老师或各种学习机的被动状况。 那么如何利用音标记单词呢？牢记熟读国际音标中的48个音素。把音素中的元音和辅音结合拼读。掌握音节的概念。4.掌握辅音字母在单词中的发

3、音的规律5.掌握元音字母和字母组合在开音节、闭音节、字母组合音节中的 发音的规律。然后根据下面的步骤进行记单词： 大声地从右到左（后到前）拼读出音标，并熟记音标。在草稿纸上默写出音标，并检查音标的正误。在音标的正下方对齐地写出单词。把单词和音标进行以下对应：（1） 找出辅音字母发音形式不变的对应。例如：b e d t a ke m a de g o / b e d/ /t eI k/ /m eI d/ /g u/(2)找出辅音字母发音形式发生变化的对应。例如：She b l a ck thank china / i:/ /b l æ k/ / æ k/

4、/ t aI n /(3)找出两个相同的辅音字母在一起发音的对应。例如：l i t t le a pple borrow co l l ege /l I t l/ æ p l /b D r u/ /k Dl I d/(4)找出元音字母在开音节中发音的对应。例如：me go bike take / m i: / /g u / /b aI k/ /t eI k/(5)找出元音字母在闭音节中发音的对应。例如：be d bag s i t b o x /bed/ /b æ g/ /s I t/ / b D ks/(6)找出元音字母在字母组合音节中发音的对应。例如：Seat hair

5、 here day /s i:t/ /h/ /h I/ /d eI/(7)找出元音字母在特殊音节中发音的对应。例如：have away family until /h æv/ / w eI/ /f æmli/ / nt Il/按以上方法不断地练习，直到熟练为止。当然，初学者由于受死记硬背的影响，刚开始时很不习惯，并且感觉速度很慢，但只要持之以恒，就会熟练生巧，直到每小时能记80-100个单词的音标和词形。在此基础上再加强与同学之间的互听、对话、交流练习、多听点英语歌曲和英语新闻就会在不知不觉中提高了英语的听说能力。二，掌握单词的词性和英语句子的基本结构是学好英语的关键。如果

6、英语中的“听、说、读”是学英语的话，那么英语中的“读、写”就是应用英语。所谓的“读”就是对文章中的内涵、句子结构、语法正确理解。所谓的“写”就是对英语单词，句子结构和语法的正确应用。如果连英语单词的基本词性和英语句子的基本结构都不了解的话，又怎能进行“读写”呢？那么如何学好单词的词性和英语句子的基本结构呢？（一），正确掌握英语单词的词性及词性的基本用法。A名词：包含人名、地名、事物名词、称呼名词职业名词、物主代词名词词性、动名词（V-ing）、抽象名词。名词在句子中做主语、表语、和宾语。例如:Tom China book father teacher ours swimming dreams1

7、,Tom is my brother. 2,I like swimming. 主语 表语 宾语B代词：包含人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、反身代词（宾语）。代词在句子中做主语和宾语。例如：she this something that what myself 1, she is a student . 2, I enjoy myself 主语 宾语3, I love him 4， I would like something to eat 宾语 宾语C动词：系动词（包含Be动词、感官动词、变动词、保持动词）助动词、情态动词、实义动词（也叫行为动词，即能发生动作的词。包含及物动词和不及物

8、动词）。动词在句子中组成系表结构、谓语。例如：am is are do(es) did can must like swim live1, She is a studrnt 2,I can swim 系表 谓语D数词：包含基数词和序数词，同汉语中的数词的用法相似。常常修饰名词。例如：one two first second （1）Two books （2） the first floor E量词：同数词一起使用，修饰名词。构成“数词+量词+of+名词”结构。例如：(1)a cup of tea. (2)Two kilos of apples.F冠词：英语中只有三个冠词。、。在句子中常常修饰名词

9、。例如：a desk ; an apple; the book.G介词：常常放在不及物动词之后和形容词之后再加宾语；放在Be动词之后再加名词；放在名词之后做后置定语修饰名词。例如：in at from for (1), I am in ShangHai. (2), I live in Shanghai.(3), The boy in a blue shirt is my brother.H语气词：在句子中同汉语的语气词的用法一样。I 形容词：常常放在名词之前修饰名词；放在系动词之后修饰系动词；放在副词之后被副词修饰。例如：(1),a new book ; (2), I am fine. (3)

10、, I am very fine. J副词：常常放在形容词之前修饰形容词；放在实义动词或宾语之后修饰实义动词。例如：（1）,I can swim well. (2), I like English very much .K特殊疑问词的两种结构及用法：(A):“wh-”结构和“wh-+n(名词)”结构的用法：1,what的用法。可根据事物名称、数、人名、天气情况、外表特征、职业名词提问。例如：This is a book. - What is this?Five is three and two. -What is three and two?My name is Tom. -What is y

11、our name?She is tall. - -What does she look like?She is a teacher. - What does she do?The weather is fine. -What is the weather like?2,what+n(class; grade; number; page; row; color; kind of+n; language; time)用法：是根据名词、名词和它的修饰词、概念相同的名词提问。例如：I am in Class One. -What class are you in?I am Number One . -

12、What number are you?It is Page Five -.-What page is it?This skirt is red. - - What color is this skirt?I like pandas.- -What kind of animals do you like?I speak English . -What language do you speak?I go to school at seven -What time do you go to school?3,when的用法：根据时间（不是具体的时间点、分。以on in引导的时间）提问。而what

13、 time 是以at引导的时间提问（是具体的时间点、分。例如：I was born in 1999.-When were you born?4,where的用法：根据地点提问。例如： She is in Shanghai.-Where is she?5,which的用法：根据事物名词、人所修饰的词或具体的名词、人提问。例如:The boy under the tree is my brother.-Which boy is your brother?The red one is mine.-Which(one) is yours?6,who的用法：根据具体的人（主语）提问.例如：Tom is

14、a teacher.-Who is a teacher?7,whom的用法：根据具体的人（宾语）提问。例如： I love Tom.-Whom do you love?8,whose的用法：根据名词词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词提问。根据名词词性物主代词提问其后不跟名词；根据形容词性物主代词提问,其后跟名词。例如：This book is mine.-Whose is this book?This is my book.-Whose book is this?9,why的用法：根据because引导的原因状语从句提问。例如：I cant go to school because I am il

15、l.-Why cant you go to school?(B):“How”及“how+adj.(形容词)/adv.(副词)”结构的用法。1,How的用法：根据心情、感觉、天气、交通方式、做事的方式提问。例如：She is fine.-How is she?She likes apples very much.-How does she like apples?The weather is fine.-How is the weather?She often goes to school by bus.-How does she often go to school?You can do it

16、 like this.-How can I do it?2,How old的用法：根据年龄大小提问。例如：She is eleven.-How old is she?3,How often的用法：根据频度副词和表示频度的副词词组提问。例如：She sometimes goes to school on foot.-How often does she go to school on foot?She goes to school fives days a week.-How often does she go to school?4,How soon的用法：根据in引导的将来的时间提问。例如：

17、She will come back in an hour.-How soon will she come back?5,How long/wide/high的用法：分别根据物体的长度、宽度、高度提问。如：This desk is 100 centimeters long/wide/high.-How long/wide/high is this desk?6,How far的用法：根据距离多少提问。例如：It is five kilometers from my home to school.-How far is it from my home to school?7,How long的另

18、一用法：根据时间长短提问。例如：I have lived in Anlong for 20 years.-How long have you lived in Anlong?8,How many/much的用法：How many根据复数名词前的修饰词提问，其后紧跟复数名词。How much根据不可数名词前的修饰词提问，其后紧跟不可数名词。例如：There are three cups of water on the desk.-How many cups of water are there on the desk?There are three cups of water on the de

19、sk.-How much water are there on the desk?（二）：正确掌握英语的句子结构。：一般情况下，英语的句子常常有以下结构形式出现：（修饰词）+主语（修饰词）+（修饰词）+谓语（修饰词）+（修饰词）+宾语（修饰词）+时间+地点+其它成分。注：（）中的修饰成分可以不存在。1，主语前面的修饰成分常常为名词、形容词、指示代词、冠词。主语后面的修饰成分常常为形容词、动名词、介词及定语从句。例如：（1）(The apple ) Tree is tall. (2)(The young ) Man is my brother.(3)(This )Man is my brothe

20、r.（4）Something (wrong) is with my watch.(5)The boy(swimming) is my brother.(6)The boy (under the tree) is my brother.(7)The boy (which is swimming) is my brother.2,谓语的修饰成分常常为表示频度的副词、推测的副词和程度的副词。表示频度的副词常常放在实义动词的前面(但是表示频度的副词词组要放在谓语或宾语之后)；表示推测的副词常常放在主语的前面；表示程度的副词常常放在谓语或宾语的后面（有时也放在Be动词之后修饰形容词）。例如：（1） Sh

21、e often goes to school early.（2）She goes to school five days a week,(3)Perhaps she can swim well.(4)She likes English very much. (5)She is very fine.3,宾语前面修饰的成分为名词、形容词。宾语后面修饰的词为形容词、介词短语、从句。例如：（1）She likes apple juice.(2)She likes new books.(3)She would like something wonderful.(4)She has a pen pal i

22、n China.(5)She has a pen pal who looks like DengYaPin.4,时间前面的修饰词常常有数词（表示时间的多少）和副词（表示频度的副词词组）。时间后面的修饰词常常有从句。例如：(1)She often sleeps for eight hours. (2)She gets up at six every day. (3)She was born in 1949 when The PRC was founded.5,地点前面修饰的词常常为名词、形容词；后面修饰的词为从句。例如：(1)She is in Anlong middle school.（2）S

23、he lives in a big town.(3)She lives in a town where she was born.：掌握了英语句子的结构最重要的是要掌握英语句子的主干（主语、谓语、宾语）成分的构成方法和规律。A:英语的主语由下列词构成：1. 名词：人名、地名、事物名词、称呼名词、职业名词、物主代词名词词性、动名词（V-ing）及动名词短语、抽象名词。例如：(1)Tom is my good friend . (2)Anlong is my hometown.(3)Apple is my favorite fruit . (4)Mother likes apples,(5)Eng

24、lish teacher is kind to us.(6)Mine is in my bag.(7)Swimming (in the pool) is my favorite activity.(8)Good ideas can make your work easy.2. 代词：人称代词的主格、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。例如：(1) She is my sister.(2) This is my sister.(3) Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.(4) What is in your bag?3. 动词不定式。常

25、用“Its +形容词+for somebody+to do”结构。例如：To do sports is important for us.=Its important for us to do sports.4，特殊疑问词+动词不定式。例如：How to teach students well is important.B:英语的宾语由下列词构成：1,名词：人名、地名、事物名词、称呼名词、职业名词、物主代词名词词性、动名词（V-ing）及动名词短语、抽象名词。例如：I like Tom. I like Beijing.I like apples. I like my father.I like

26、 my teacher. I like yours(your+名词)。I like swimming (in the pool).I have good ideas to learn English well.2,代词:人称代词的宾格、指示代词、不定代词、疑问词引导的从句。例如I like him. I like these.I would like something to eat.I dont know who she is.3, 动词不定式(放在及物动词之后)。例如： I want to play basketball. 4, 特殊疑问词+动词不定式.例如： I dont know Ho

27、w to teach students wellC:英语的谓语（系表）的构成法：英语的谓语构成是英语句子结构的难点和重点。谓语的构成主要是分清英语的各类动词及其用法。英语的动词包含：系动词（包含Be动词、感官动词、变动词、保持动词）；情态动词；助动词；Have(has)动词；实义动词。这些动词可以构成以下谓语（系表）结构：1,be+形容词（名词、数词、介词、不定式、特殊疑问词+动词不定式）构成系表结构。例如：I am ok. I am a teacher.I am eleven. I am in Anlong.My job is to teach student.My job is how t

28、o teach student.2,be+实义动词【只能是动词的-ing（表进行）和-ed（规则动词的过去分词表被动）】构成谓语。例如：I am swimming. The PRC was founded in 1949. I was born(不规则动词的过去分词) in 1999.3,情态动词+实义动词原形构成谓语。例如： I can swim. She can swim.4，助动词【do(es)/did】+not+实义动词原行构成谓语。例如：I dont like English at all. She doesnt like English. She didnt go to schoo

29、l yesterday.5,Have(has)/Had+实义动词的过去分词构成谓语。例如： I have finished my homework. She has finished my homework. She/I had fnished my homework.6,实义动词（原形、第三人称单数、过去式）单独构成谓语。例如：I go to school every day.She goes to school every day.She/I went to school yesterday.D:下面我们来分别学习英语中的Be动词；情态动词；助动词；Have(has)动词；实义动词的用法：

30、1,Be动词的用法（am/is/are/was/were/been）.be+名词：例如： She is a teacher. be+数词：例如： She is fourteen.be+形容词：例如： She is fine. be+形容词+介词+名词/动词的ing.be+形容词+to+动词原形.例如 : She is interested in math/swimming.I am sorry to hear that.be+形容词+that从句。例如： She is afraid that she cant go to school.be+地点副词/表方位的介词+地点名词。例如：She is

31、 here/in school.be+动词的ing(表进行或将来)。例如：She is swimming.be+动词的过去分词（表被动）例如：She was born in 1999.be+动词不定式（构成表语）。例如：My job is to swim.be+特殊疑问词+动词不定式（构成表语）。例如：My job is how to teach student well.注：be动词在句子中可以起陈述、疑问(提前)、否定（在其后+not）的作用。例如：She is a teacher. Is she a teacher?.She isnt a teacher.在变疑问时：am-改-are;

32、I改-you. 例如；I am a teacher-Are you a student?系动词中的其它动词可以构成系表结构表陈述。但是在变疑问时要+助动词do(es)/did,其后+动词原形;变否定时要+dont/doesnt/didnt. 其后+动词原形;（以上情况含有情态动词时除外，当含有情态动词时跟含有情态动词时的用 法一样）例如： It sounds beautiful.-Does it sound beautiful? -It doesnt sound beautiful.It gets warmer and warmer.-Does it get warmer and warmer

33、? - It doesnt get warmer and warmer.We can keep healthy.-Can you keep healthy? -We cant keep healthy.2, 情态动词的用法：英语中的情态动词包含了:can(could);may(might);must;need;will(would);shall(should)这四个词本来是属于助动词范围，但它们的用法跟情态动词的用法一样，所以把它们放在情态动词中讲解。have(has) to它们的用法如下： 它们的后面+动词原形；例如：I can swim. 在句子中可以起陈述、疑问、否定的作用（但have/

34、has to除外，包含have/has to 的疑问和否定句要强加do/does/did或dont/doesnt/didnt）.例如： a:I can swim. -Can you swim?-I cant swim.b:I have to swim.-Do you have to swim? -I dont have to swim.c:She has to swim.-Does she have to swim? -She doesnt have to swim.4 will（可以用于任何人称）/shall(限于第一人称)+动词原形表现在将来；would/should+动词原形表过去将来。

35、跟be going to+动词原形的用法相似。例如：a:I will(shall) go to Beijing.=I am going to go to Beijing.b:I would(should)go to Beijing.=I was going to go to Beijing.5 含情态动词（will、shall除外）的一般疑问句都有表示征询对方的意见意味。例如：a:May I come in ? b:Would you like to help me ?6 Must的否定应用neednt/助动词do(es)nt+have to,而不能用mustnt.因为mustnt是“不允许”

36、的意思。例如：You must go to school today.-You neednt go to school today. -You dont have to go to school today.3,助动词的用法：助动词包含do;does;did共三个。助动词是在没有be动词和情态动词的情况下变一般疑问句和否定句时强加上的。它们的用法是：起疑问作用:构成“Do(es)/Did+主语+实义动词原形？”形式。例如： a:Does she go to school ? b: Did she go to school yesterday?起否定作用:构成“主语+do(es)nt+实义动词原

37、形？”形式。例如： She doesnt/didnt go to school .注：does只限用于主语是第三人称单数。4，实义动词的用法：实义动词在句子中有一定的意义并能发生动作。常分为及物和不及物动词。及物动词+宾语；而不及物动词+介词(副词)+宾语。它常有以下结构形式：(以go为例)：原形 第三人称单数 V-ing 过去式 过去分词 不定式go goes going went gone to go(1),原形的用法：适用于除第三人称单数以外的任何人称的一般现在时态中。例如：I/ We/They go to school every day.适用于：情态动词+动词原形/助动词do/doe

38、s/did+not+动词原形。例如： She can speak English. She doesnt speak English.(2),三单的用法：只适用于主语是第三人称单数的一般现在时态中。例如： She goes to school every day.(3)V-ing 的用法：做主语，例如：Swimming is my favorite sport.做宾语，例如：I like swimming.做表语，例如：My favorite sport is swimming.做谓语，其结构为：be+v-ing.表将来或进行。例如：I am swimming.做定语，常放在名词（主语或表语）之后。例如：The boy swimming is my brother. 怎样区别v-