2018年高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档专题四任务型阅读第三步模拟演练一版含答案

1、套模拟实战演练模拟?M练（一）A A（2017苏锡常镇四市一模）MoleculesFoundonPhonesRevealLifestyleSecretsMoleculesFoundonPhonesRevealLifestyleSecretsWhatdoesyourphonesayaboutyou?Molecules（分子）foundonmobilephonesrevealanastonishingamountabouttheownershealthandlifestyleincludingtheirfoodpreferencesandmedication.Californianscientis

2、tsfoundtracesofeverythingfromcaffeineandspicestoskincreamsandanti-depressants（抗抑有B药物）on40phonestheytested.Weleavetracesofmolecules,chemicalsandbacteriaoneverythingwetouch.Evenwashinghandsthoroughlywouldnotpreventthetransfertoeverydayobjects,theresearcherssaid.Usingatechniquecalledmassspectrometry（光谱

3、模U定），theUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegoresearchteamtested500samplestakenfrom40adultsmobilephonesandhands.Theythencomparedthemwithmoleculesidentifiedinadatabaseandproducedaalifestyleprofileofeachphoneowner.DrAminaBouslimani,anassistantprojectscientistonthestudy,saidtheresultswererevealing.Byanalysingt

4、hemoleculestheyleftbehindontheirphones,wecouldtellifapersonislikelytobefemale,useshigh-endcosmetics（化妆品）,dyesherhair,drinkscoffee,prefersbeeroverwine,likesspicyfood,isbeingtreatedfordepression,wearssunscreenandbugspray-andthereforelikelytospendalotoftimeoutdoorsallkindsofthings,shesaid.Mostofthemole

5、culesarethoughttobetransferredfrompeoplesskin,handsandsweattotheirphone.Mosquitorepellents （驱蚊齐U）andsunscreenswerefoundtostayforaparticularlylongtimeonpeople;sskinandphones,evenwhentheyhadnotbeenusedformonths.Previousresearchbythesameteamfoundthatpeoplewhohadnotwashedforthreedaysstillhadlotsoftraces

6、ofhealthandbeautyproductsontheirskin.Thestudysaidthetestingmethodcouldidentifyanobjectsownerwithoutfingerprints.Itcouldalsocheckifpatientsweretakingtheirmedication.Besides,itcouldprovideusefulinformationaboutapersonsexposuretopollution.Theresearchersnowwanttofindoutmoreaboutthegreatquantityofbacteri

7、athatcoverour港分方略第三步skinandwhattheyrevealaboutus.SeniorauthorProfPieterDorresteinsaidtherewereatleast1,000differentmicrobeslivingontheaveragepersonsskin,inhundredsoflocationsonthebody.MoleculesFoundonPhonesRevealLifestyleSecretsMoleculesFoundonPhonesRevealLifestyleSecretsResearchresultYourmobilephon

8、esconveyalargeamountofinformationonyourpersonalhealthandlifestyle.1.PreviousresearchPeoplewhohadnotwashedforthreedaysstillhadlotsoftracesofhealthandbeautyproductsontheirskin.Research2.details/information?Molecules,chemicalsandbacteriacanbetracedonmobilephones3.despitethehabitofwashinghandsthoroughly

9、.?Withthehelpofad.technique,researcherstested500samplesfrom40phones.?5.Comparingthesampleswithmoleculesidentifiedinadatabase,scientistsproducedaalifestyleprofile“ofeachphoneowner.?Basedonthe6.analysis/analysesofthemolecules,scientistcouldtellapersonsgender,habits,hobbies,etc.Practicalapplication?The

10、testingmethodcantellanobjectsowners7.identity/identificationintheabsenceoffingerprints.?Informationaboutapersonsmedicationcanbechecked.?Howmuchapersonis8.exposedtopollutioncanbetraced.9.FutureresearchTheresearcherswanttohaveabetter10.understanding/knowledgeofbacteriacoveringourskin.B B（2017盐城三模）Weal

11、lknowwhatmakesforgoodcharacterinsoldiers.Weveseenthemoviesaboutheroeswhodisplaycourage,loyaltyandcoolnessunderfire.Butwhataboutsomebodywhositsinfrontofakeyboardallday?Isitpossibletodisplayandcultivatecharacterifyouarejustaninformationageofficeclerk,alonewithamemooryourcomputer?Ofcourseitis.Evenifyou

12、arealoneinyouroffice,youarethinking.Thinkingwellunderaneraofinformationmaybeadifferentsortofmoralchallengethanfightingwellunderahailofbullets,butitsacharacterchallengenonetheless.Intheirbook,IntellectualVirtues,RobertC.RobertsofBaylorUniversityandW.JayWoodofWheatonCollegelistsomeoftheintellectualvir

13、tues.Wecanallgradeourselvesonhowgoodweareateachofthem.First,thereiscourage.Theobviousformofintellectualcourageisthewillingnesstoholdunpopularviews.Buttheslighterformisknowinghowmuchrisktotakeinjumpingtoconclusions.Theimpulsivethinkertakesafewpiecesofinformationandleapstosomefarawaytheory.Theperfecti

14、onist,ontheotherhand,isunwillingtoputanythingoutthereexceptunderidealconditionsforfearthathecouldbewrong.Intellectualcourageisself-regulation,RobertsandWoodargue,knowingwhentobedaringandwhentobecautious.ThephilosopherThomasKuhnpointedoutthatscientistsoftensimplyignorefactsthatdontfitwiththeirexistin

15、gparadigms（范例），butanintellectuallycourageouspersoniswillingtolookatthingsthataresurprisinglyhardtolookat.Second,thereisfirmness.Youdontwanttobeapersonwhoabandonshisbeliefsattheslightestsignofopposition.Ontheotherhand,youdontwanttoholdrigidlytoabeliefagainstallevidence.Themedianpointbetweenflaccidity

16、（软弱）andrigidityisthevirtueoffirmness.Thefirmbelievercanbuildasteadyworldviewonsolidmaterialsbutstilldelightinnewinformation.Hecangracefullyadjustthestrengthofhisbelieftothestrengthoftheevidence.Firmnessisaqualityofmentalalertness.Third,thereismodesty,whichisnotlettingyourowndesireforstatusgetinthewa

17、yofaccuracy.Themodestpersonfightsagainstprideandself-importance.Hesnotwritingthosesentencespeoplewritetomakethemselvesseemsmart;hesnotthinkingofhimselfmuchatall.Themodestresearcherdoesntbecomearroganttowardhissubject,assuminghehasmasteredit.Suchapersonisdelightedtolearnfromanyoneatanystageinlife.Fou

18、rth,thereisautonomy.Youdontwanttobeapersonwhoblindlyadoptswhateveropinionyourteacherorsomeauthorgivesyou.Ontheotherhand,youdontwanttorejectallguidancefrompeoplewhoknowwhattheyaretalkingabout.Autonomyisthemedianofknowingwhentobowtoauthorityandwhennotto,whentofollowarolemodelandwhennotto,whentostickto

19、traditionandwhennotto.Finally,thereisgenerosity.Thisvirtuestartswiththewillingnesstoshareknowledgeandgiveotherscredit.Butitalsomeanshearingothersastheywouldliketobeheard,lookingforwhateachpersonhastoteachandnotlookingtojumponothersfortheirerrors.Montaigneoncewrotethat“Wecanbeknowledgeablewithotherme

20、nsknowledge,butwecantbewisewithothermenswisdom.Thatsbecausewisdomisntabodyofinformation.Itsthemoralqualityofknowinghowtohandleyourownlimitations.Charactertestsareexistingeverywhereeveninmoderneverydaylife.Itspossibletobeheroicifyourejustsittingaloneinyouroffice.Itjustdoesntmakeforagoodmovie.Intellec

21、tualVirtuesIntellectualVirtuesPassageoutlinePassageoutlineSupportingdetailsSupportingdetailsIntroduction11.Though/Although/Whileyouarenotaheroatwarandliveinpeace,youstillhavechancestodisplayintellectualvirtues.Intellectualvirtues12.listedbytheexperts?Apersonwithintellectualcourageiswillingtosticktot

22、heviewsnotwell13.received/accepted.?Youshould14.balanceflaccidityandrigiditytopossessthevirtueoffirmness.?Inadditiontotheestablishedsteadyworldview,youshouldbe15.opentonewideasandadjustyourbeliefflexibly.?Ratherthanbeingproudandself-important,modestpeopleare16.keen/bentonlearningfromotherswheneverpo

23、ssible.?Autonomymeansyouhavetheabilitytomakeyourowndecisionsaboutwhattodoinsteadofbeing17.influencedbysomeoneelseortoldwhattodo.?Agenerouspersontendstoshareknowledgeandapplaudothersin18.recognitionoftheirachievements.?Youshouldbeagoodlistenerandlearnerinsteadoffinding19.faultwithothers.SummaryOnlywh

24、enweknowhowto20.deal/copewithourlimitationscanwebewise.C C（2017南京、盐城二模）“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon,saidPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellers（居民）havea21%higherriskofsufferingfromanxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofs

25、ufferingfrommooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedunclearuntilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging（机能性磁共振成像，简称fMR

26、I）toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrymenwhentheyareunderstress.InDrMeyer-Lindenbergsfirstexperiment,participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheywereboundtofail（theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust2540%） .Tomaketheexperiencestillmoreembarrassing,theteamprovidednegat

27、ivefeedbackthroughheadphones,allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress,suchashighbloodpressure.Thecitypeoplesgeneralmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheruralcountrymen.However,theirbrainsdealtwiththestresscausedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions

28、:theamygdalas（ 杏 仁 核）andtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex（前扣带皮层，简称pACC）.Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.InthecaseofthepACC,however,whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow,butwhereheorshewasbrou

29、ghtup.Themoreurbanaperson;schildhood,themoreactivehispACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhilethepACCisprogrammedearlyon,anddoesnotreactinthesame,flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight,though,beexpecte

30、dtobeconnectedwithchangesintheamygdalas,becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.fMRIallowssuchconnectionstobemeasured.Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside,regardlessofwheretheynowlive,theconnectionswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,theseconnectionsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthen

31、ativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutoforder.DrMeyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralmoreexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstestsandalsotestsinwhichtheywerementallyupsanddownswhileinvestigatorsscoldedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirs

32、ttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers,whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthepACC,suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentaleffort.Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmallandther

33、esultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.Thatassociationis,nevertheless,interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits,butDrMeyer-LindenbergsworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.TitleTitle: :DoUrbanBrainsBehaveDifferentlyfromRuralOnes?DoUrbanBrainsBehaveDifferentlyfrom