托福阅读机经背景：大学毕业生的担忧

1、智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读机经背景：大学毕业生的担忧 Schumpeter 熊彼特 Angst for the educated 大学毕业生的担忧 A university degree no longer confers financial security 大学学历已经不再保证金融安全 Sep 3rd 2011 | from the print edition MILLIONS of school-leavers in the rich world are about to bid a tearful goodbye to their parents and start a new

2、life at university. Some are inspired by a pure love of learning. But most also believe that spending three or four years at universityand accumulating huge debts in the processwill boost their chances of landing a well-paid and secure job. 发达国家数百万的高中毕业生将要含泪告别他们的父母，开始新的大学生活。有些人被纯粹热爱学习鼓舞着。但是大部分人同样相信在

3、大学待三、四年，虽然在这个过程中累积了大量的债务，但他们获得高薪稳定工作的几率将会大大增加。 Their elders have always told them that education is the best way to equip themselves to thrive in a globalised world. Blue-collar workers will see their jobs offshored and automated, the familiar argument goes. School dropouts will have to cope with a

4、life of cash-strapped insecurity. But the graduate elite will have the world at its feet. There is some evidence to support this view. A recent study from Georgetown Universitys Centre on Education and the Workforce argues that “obtaining a post-secondary credential is almost always worth it.” Educa

5、tional qualifications are tightly correlated with earnings: an American with a professional degree can expect to pocket $3.6m over a lifetime; one with merely a high-school diploma can expect only $1.3m. The gap between more- and less-educated earners may be widening. A study in 2002 found that some

6、one with a bachelors degree could expect to earn 75% more over a lifetime than someone with only a high-school diploma. Today the premium is even higher. 他们的长辈们经常告诫他们，教育是武装自己投身于全球化世界的最好的方式。蓝领工人看着他们的工作岗位迁往海外且被自动化代替，相似的言论此起彼伏。中途辍学的学生将要面对资金短缺的无保障生活，但是优秀毕业生则事业有成。有证据来证明该观点，乔治城大学教育和劳动力中心最近的一项调查认为，“获取高中以上的

7、证书总是值得的。”教育上的资格证书与收入紧密相关：一位拥有专业学位的美国人终其一生可以赚取360万美元，而仅仅只有高中文凭的人其一生可以赚130万美元。教育程度高与教育程度低之间的差距可能已经扩大。2002年的一项调查发现， 本科 学历的人一生将比高中学历的人多赚75%，现在，这个数据甚至更高。 But is the past a reliable guide to the future? Or are we at the beginning of a new phase in the relationship between jobs and education? There are goo

8、d reasons for thinking that old patterns are about to changeand that the current recession-driven downturn in the demand for Western graduates will morph into something structural. The gale of creative destruction that has shaken so many blue-collar workers over the past few decades is beginning to shake the cognitive elite as well. 但是，过去是未来的可靠向导么?或者我们处于工作和教育之间关系重新解读的起点么?旧模式将要改变的想法是有原因的目前因经济衰退而导致对西方毕业生的需求减少，这将会转变成结构性的。在过去几十年里曾经抢走很多蓝领工人饭碗的一系列的创