形容词副词和比较等级

1、第二讲 形容词、副词和比较等级思维导图JU龜佛I城高缱的昨晰?iII考点精讲III .形容词和副词的基本用法1.评注性状语有些副词，如 fortun ately, luckily , surprisin gly, hon estly, actually, person ally等作评注性状语，往往修饰整个句子，它们常位于句首，且有逗号与后面的句子分开。2.连接副词(1)表递进besides further, then, moreover, still 等。(2) 表结果(3) 表转折therefore, consequently, accordingly, thus 等。 though, in

2、 stead, otherwise, however, yet 等。(4)表等同表对比similarly , equally 等。 rather, oppositely 等。(6) 表概括(7) 表列举altogether, gen erally 等。 first(ly) , sec on d(ly), fin ally 等。(8)表同位n amely 等。(9) 表时间：(10) 表特指:mean while, sometimes, occasi on ally 等。 mainly, mostly, particularly, especially等。any way, an yhow 等。(

3、11)表让步：I don ' t like besides, it ' s too expensive.我不喜欢它，而且它太贵了。Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of funsn, thoUgh ? rather risky在结冰的运动场地上玩耍听起来很有趣，然而，这难道不是太冒险吗？3.易混淆的词beside在旁边besides此外，而且late迟的，晚的later多久以后latest最近的，最新的ago以前（以现在为起点）before以前（以过去为起点）somewhere 某处everywhere 至U处

4、high在咼处；咼highly高度地；很；非常wide充分地widely广泛地；普遍地deep深深地dee ply深刻地；深沉地free免费地freely自由地；畅通地close接近；紧挨着closely仔细地；紧密地hard努力地hardly几乎不near在附近nearly几乎，差不多n .比较级和最高级、形容词与副词比较等级的构成形容词和副词的比较等级分为：原级、比较级和最高级。原级即形容词和副词的原形。比较级和最高级的词形变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种。1.规则变化词形分类及变化构成原级比较级最咼级单音节 词和少 数双音 节词一般加er或esttalllongtallerIon gert

5、allestIon gest以e结尾的，只加一r或stn icefinenicer fin ernicest fin est以重读闭音节结尾且末 尾只有一个辅音字母的， 先双写该辅音字母再加er 或 estbig hot fatbigger hotter fatterbiggest hottest fattest以“辅音字母+ y”结尾 的，先变y为i再加一er 或 esthappyeasyhapp ier easierhappi est easiest其他双 音节词 和多音 节词在前面力卩more或 mostdifficult beautifulmore difficult more bea

6、utifulmost difficult most beautiful名师指津表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。2.不规则变化原级比较级最咼级good/wellbetterbestbad (badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest二、形容词与副词比较等级的用法1.平级比较用 as.as., not.as/so.as引导Henry

7、is a worker as good as P eter (is).亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。Henry does not have as/so many booksas I have.亨利的书不如我的多。(2)as+形容词+ as+数量词=数量词+形容词The build ing is as tall as 100 meters.=The buildi ng is 100 meters tall.这幢楼有100米高。2.表示比较的特殊结构(1)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“ the +比较级，the +比较级”， 意为“越就越”。The busier he is，the happ

8、ier he feels.他越忙就越感到高兴。(2)不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”结构，意为“越来越”Our school is becomingmore and more beautiful .我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。表示“和一样不 ”时，用“ no+比较级+ than”结构。You areno taller than I.你和我一样矮。3比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式否定式谓语比较级：比较级+ than any othe叶单数名词比较级+ than all the other+复数名词比较级+ than anyone/anything else

9、比较级+ than any of the othe+复数名词比较级+ than the rest o+复数名词或不可数名词I have never spent amore worrying day.这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。Every morning he arrivesearlier than any other student in the class.=Every morni ng he arrivesearlier tha n all the other stude nts in the class.=Every morning he arrivesearlier tha n an

10、yone else in the class.=Every morni ng he arrivesearlier tha n any of the other stude nts in the class.=Every morning he arrivesearlier than the rest of students in the class.每天早上他都是班里来得最早的学生。4最高级的句型(1)形容词最高级 (+名词 ) +表示范围的状语She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。o ne of+形容词最高级+名词复数S

11、hanghai isone of the biggest cities in our country.=Shan ghai isamong the biggest cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3)序数词+形容词最高级+名词Africa is the second largest continent in the world.非洲是世界上第二大洲。5比较级和最高级的修饰语(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather，much，still ，even，a lot，a little，a great deal，(by) far，a bit 等。The stu

12、dents studyeven harder than before.学生们比以前学习更努力了。(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有 by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really 以及序数词等。I 'd like to buy thseecond most expensive camera.我想买便宜一点的照相机。名师指津by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时,般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。The book is betterby far than that one.这本书要比那本书好得多。He is by

13、far the taller of the two brothers.他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。6倍数表达法倍数+ as+形容词/副词原级+ as倍数+形容词 /副词的比较级+ than倍数+ the +名词+ of倍数+ what 从句Our classroom isthree times as large as theirs.=Our classroom isthree times larger than theirs.=Our classroom isthree times the size of theirs.我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。The length of the road

14、isfour times what it was three years ago .这条路的长度是三年前的四倍。III解题指导II看到四种情况，想到比较等级、看到与than连用，要想到用比较级例 1 Finally， that hard work paid off and now the water in the riveris（clean） than ever新课标全国卷 I）分析cleaner 根据后面的than可知此处要用比较级，因此要用cleane。 例 2 After a few mon ths ，we all felt that we had bee n able to build

15、 much strong relatio nships with the family tha n we had before.分析strongf stronger 根据句中的比较级标志词than可知，本句应用比较级， 表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较，much用于修饰比较级。故将strong改为 stronger。、看到and，but，or等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级例 3 They were also the best and worse years in my life.（201（全国卷 E）分析worse worst 由并列连词and前面的the besf可知，

16、此处应用形容词的最咼级形式。三、看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级（二者之间）或最高级（三者及以 上）例 4 After our plane Ianded，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation sixmon ths（early）， but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.（广东高考）earlier。分析earlier 由had made可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六 个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级四、看到下列固定搭配，要想到比较等

17、级1. the +比较级.，the +比较级.例 5 The.高考）（hard） you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.（辽宁分析harder 分析句子结构可知此句为“the+比较级.，the+比较级.”句式，表示“越，就越”。故填harder。2. the +最高级+标志性词语或从句例 6 My mum makes the better biscuits in the world , so I decided to ask her for help.（陕西高考）分析betterf best 此处前面有the,后面有表示范围

18、的“n the world ”，所以应该用形容词的最高级。故better改为best。II强化训练I真盪演练I 单句语法填空1. According to a review of evidenee in a medical journal， runners live three years（long） than non- runners.（2018 全国卷 I）答案Ion ger 根据空后的than和句意可知，此处应该使用比较级形式，故填Ion ger。2 . Corn uses less waterrice and creates less fertilizer （化月肥）runoff.（2

19、018 全国卷 II）答案than 由句意和less可知，此处应该使用比较级结构,less 是 little 的比较级，than引出比较对象。（loud） of all.（2018全国卷 m）-答案loudest 联系上文内容以及下文的of all可知此处应用最高级。3. He screams the4. There could be an even（high） cost on your health.（201 浙江高考）答案 higher 根据even可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级，表示付出比钱更高的代价。5. As a result, people will eat more food t

20、o try to make up for that somethingmiss in g.Eve n（bad）, the amount of fast food that people eat goesup.（2017 全国卷 I ）答案 worse 根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式，even6. Sixteen yearsworse表示“更糟糕的是”。（early） Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook ameal.（2017浙江高考）答案 earlier 固定表达sixteen years earlie表示“早在16年

21、前”。此时的earlier相当于before, 一般直接跟在时间名词的后面。7. If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work , you should take a step back and identify （识别）those of（great） and less importance.（201全国卷 n）答案 greater 根据后面的and less'可知，此处也要用比较级形式。 n .单句改错1. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.（201

22、8全国卷 m） 答案largerlarge 考查形容词。根据句意，作者害怕在一大群人面前讲话,这里没有比较的含义，故将larger改为large。2. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.（201全国卷 n） 答案 earlier early get up early意为“早起”，句中没有比较的意思，故不用比较级。3. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.（201全国卷 I）答案late later “一段时间+ late”表示

23、“迟到多长时间”;“一段时间+later”表示“多长时间之后”。此处表示“几分钟后，教练让我把车停下来”。 4. Beside, they often get some useful information from the Internet.（2017全国卷 n）答案 Beside Besides 句意：此外，他们还经常从网上获取一些有用的信息。beside “在旁边”，是介词；besides “此外”，是副词。5. I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting

24、 the late music albums.（2017全国卷 m）-答案latelatest 根据语境可知，the latest music albums”表示“最新的音乐6. The dishes that I cooked were Mom专辑”，故应用latesto s fovouea川高考）答案favoritest favoritefavorite没有比较级和最高级。模拟冲关I 单句语法填空1. PI eased on' misun dersta nd me.But don' y ou thi nk we should take thi ngs a bit easie

25、r （easy） darling ? （2019 舒兰模拟）2. The book ' s survival offered the chanee to learore （much） about Chinese culture and music after 210 years of silence.（2019洛阳模拟）-3. The more （much） we do for those in need the happier we' （2019 郑州一模）4. Road safety has aroused wider （wide） attention of the pub

26、lic than before.（2019长 沙模拟）5. Half an hour later, I man aged to find the correct an swer.（2019昆 明模拟）-6. Sec on dly, if you don ' t want to waste ,tirdivide the group task among all group members to make the job easier （easy） （2019 南阳模拟）7. English is widelv（wide） used in governments, markets, ser

27、vice centers and other fields.（2019 银川模拟）8. The other two had run away , but they followed the big man closelv（close） and caught him.（2019 临夏模拟）9. The Silk Road opened up in the Han Dynasty leading to the Middle and WesternAsia and even_Rome.（2019郑州模拟）10. During the end of the 19th cen tury and the

28、beg inning of 20th cen tury , Beiji ngOpera fin ally formed and became the biggest（big） of all op eras in Chin a.（2019 天一大联考）n .单句改错1. First, it ' s an activity concerned with all parts of my bodywhich is quite a good way for me to keep fit.Beside, it ' s an activity I can enjoy wbver the we

29、ather is like except when it rains heavily.（2019银川模拟）Beside Besides2. Water is very important to us, without which there would be no life.Therefore , some people don' tturn the tap off at once after using it.（2019 哈尔滨模 拟Therefore However3. I lived in my hometown ten years before.（2019 青岛模拟before

30、 ago4. Twenty minutes late , his mother turned up , and thanked us again andagain.(2019 深圳模拟 Hatelater 5. To some exte nt, exam in ati on results are sometime unexp ected by your study level.(2019 菏泽模拟)sometime sometimes6. I had never seen a lake beautiful than this before.(2019武威模拟)beautiful 前加more

31、7. I even have a large vocabulary than before.(2019 太原模拟large larger8. And if you decide to take Dr.Klein,'cajaEOicmake yourself even happy byrecommending the technique to others.(20l9衡水模拟)happyhappier9. On that day, thousands of alumni returned back for the big occasion.(2018化州模 拟)去掉back10. But

32、 I am determined to overcome all the difficulties and learn all subjectsgood.(2019 淄博模拟)goodwellm.语法填空(2019 郑州模拟)we re surrounded bydifferent colors.But you may not know colorhas a 1.(big) impact on your life than you might realize.For example，thecolors of your walls have a direct effect on your moo

33、d.Therefore，it should come asno surp rise that major airli nes kee p this in mind as well.For not so frequent fliers , 2.(fly) in the air may not be what theywant.They may fear something bad would happen.They may suffer 3.(an xious). Accord ing to Boe ing, blue is uni versally regarded 4.a p eaceful

34、color and that may help remove your fears about flying.“The color of the sky, bright and sunny, 5.(help) lower heart rate,decrease blood pressure and release dopamine in 6.brain ” says KelleyHopkins Alvarez, a licensed professional counselor coach.A study 7.(publish) in the Journal of ManagementDeci

35、sion supports colorsand p sychology are 8.(direct) lin ked. “Ma nagers can use colors to in creaseor decreaseappetite, improve mood and calm down customers ” note the studyfindings.But guess what? Using the color blue isn 'he only sneaky way that is being tried9.(influenee) your behavior by airl

36、ines.Therea'similar reason10.you 'll find earpeting at your airline g，atteoo.语篇解读】 飞机内部为什么要布置成蓝色的呢？原来是为了安抚乘客的情绪。1. bigger 考查形容词比较级。根据than you might realize可知需填big的比较级形式。 2. flying 考查非谓语动词。这里缺少主语，故填 v.ing 形式作句子的主语。 3. anxiety 考查词性转换。根据 suffer 可知后面需填一个名词，故填 anxious 的名词形式。 4. as 考查介词。regard.as意

37、为“认为是”，后面可以接名词。5. helps 考查动词时态。句子的主语是 The color of the sky，谓语需用三单形 式， 6. the 考查冠词。此处用the brain泛指我们的大脑。7. published 考查非谓语动词。 a study 是 publish 整个动作的承受者，故用过 去分词作后置定语。 8directly 考查副词。此处用副词形式修饰 linked。 9. to influenee 考查非谓语动词。这里是表目的，故需填带to的动词不定式。10. why 考查关系副词。根据a similar reason可知需填why引导定语从句。IV .短文改错There are not enough seats in our school's reading room.One morning just beforeour finall