老托福阅读精讲

1、2000年10月第二篇Questions 11-20In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth . Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they wereLine often hi

2、gh enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was (5 used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might bescorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safefrom catching fire.Two ledges were

3、 built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these ledges rested the ends of a "lug pole" from which pots were suspended when cooking . (10Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had tobe replaced frequently because it dried

4、 out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it wasused instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.(15 Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the ov

5、en. It was made like a small,secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke.Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with theopening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week a roaringfire of "oven wo

6、od," consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the(20 oven until its walls were extremely hot . The embers were later removed, bread doughwas put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was a

7、n iron "bake kettle,"which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have workedwell when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers,(25 with more embers piled on its lid. Comment 1: 在这两个壁架上架着的是烹饪时悬挂罐子的支撑杆。Comment 2:在进行烘焙的那些天里(通常一周1、2次,

8、由褐色枫树木棒组成的烤炉木块燃起熊熊烈火直到烤炉壁变得非常热为止。题目解析:11. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passagemainly discuss?(AMethods of baking bread(BFireplace cooking(CThe use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen(DThe types of wood used in preparing meals解析:文章首句In seventeent

9、h-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace指出在十七世纪的北美殖民地,所有日常烹饪都是用壁炉完成的。12. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate(Ahow the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces(Bthat they served diverse funct

10、ions(Cthat they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces(Dhow they were safer than northeastern fireplaces解析:文章3-4行Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into.说东北部的壁炉有4、5英尺高,在南部,壁炉高的都可以让一个人走进去。由此可见,此处为了和东

11、北部的壁炉进行比较。13. The word "scorched" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(Aburned(Bcut(Cenlarged(Dbent解析:scorch表示烧焦,枯萎。burn, 烧,烧焦。cut, 切,剪。enlarge, 扩大,放大。bend, 弯曲。14. The word "it" in line 6 refers to(Athe stonework(Bthe fireplace opening(Cthe mantel tree(Dthe rising column of heat解析:

12、文章4-7行说A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.从此句判定it指代timber,而timber又叫做mantel tree.15. Acco

13、rding to the passage, how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century?(ABy placing the pot directly into the fire(BBy putting the pot in the oven(CBy filling the pot with hot water(DBy hanging the pot on a pole over the fire解析:On these ledges rested the ends of a "lug pole"

14、 from which pots were suspended when cooking.指出把锅挂在柱子末端就可烹饪食物了。16. The word "obtain" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(Amaintain(Breinforce(Cmanufacture(Dacquire解析:obtain, 获得,得到。acquire, 获得,学得。maintain, 维持,继续。reinforce, 加强,补充。manufacture, 制造,加工。17. Which of the following is mentioned in

15、paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lugpole?(AIt was made of wood not readily available.(BIt was difficult to move or rotate.(CIt occasionally broke.(DIt became too hot to touch.解析:文中12行指出Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire.有些时候木杆断了,食物就调到火里了。18. It can be inferred

16、from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, "oven wood"produced(Aless smoke(Bmore heat(Cfewer embers(Dlower flames解析:文章18-20行On baking days (usually once or twice a week a roaring fire of "oven wood," consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its w

17、alls were extremely hot.指出在烘焙的日子里,炉子里由棕褐色的枫木棍组成的烤炉木块烧起熊熊烈火直至炉壁特别烫为止。19. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:(AIt was used to heat the kitchen every day.(BIt was built as part of the main fireplace.(CThe smoke it generated went out through the main chimn

18、ey.(DIt was heated with maple sticks.解析:文中15行Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven.符合选项B;文章15-16行It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. 符合选项C;文章18-19行On baking days (usually once or twice a week a roaring fire of

19、 "oven wood," consisting of brown maple sticks符合选项D。20. According to the passage, which of the following was an advantage of a "bake kettle"?(A It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.(BIt did not need to be tightly closed.(CIt could be used in addition to or instead o

20、f the oven.(D It could be used to cook several foods at one time.解析:文章22-24行指出Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron "bake kettle," which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the firep

21、lace.句中的Not all和Also used与选项中的instead of可以同义替换;句中placed in与选项中的in addition to进行同义替换。文章翻译:在十七世纪北美洲殖民地,日常的烹饪是在壁炉中完成的。一般地,壁炉可以煮饭和可以取暖。东北地区的壁炉通常有四到五英尺搞,在南方,壁炉足有一人之高。壁炉楣是一个重的原木做成的,作用是支持壁炉上面砌石。这个原木偶而会被烧焦,但是它距离上升的热流很远,不会着火。两个壁架彼此相对地安装在该壁炉的烟囱里面。在这两个壁架上架着的是烹饪时悬挂罐子的支撑杆。新近砍伐的树可以做成耳状杆,所以它耐热。但是由于木杆会干透并且烧焦,并且很弱,所

22、以它必须被经常替换。有时该杆子会断裂,正餐也就掉入火中。后来,铁普及了,就代替木材去做耳状杆子,于是壁炉中就有了用于挂壶用的枢轴金属棒。烘箱修建在壁炉的旁边,是壁炉的一部分。它的作用是一个小的、辅助的壁炉,同时它也有一个烟道连接到主烟囱中排出烟气。有时烘箱的门朝外,对着房间;但是大多数烘箱是面向壁炉的。在进行烘焙的那些天里(通常一周1、2次,由褐色枫树木棒组成的烤炉木块燃起熊熊烈火直到烤炉壁变得非常热为止。之后移除烘箱下面的余烬,把发酵面包面团插入到烘箱中,烘箱被蜡封关闭直到面包完全烤好。然而不是所有烘烤都是在大烘箱中进行的。有时候也会用铁制的烘烤釜进行烧烤,这个工具看上去像是有一个铁盖的有脚

23、炖锅。把它处于壁炉中,并且由发热的木材余烬围绕着,同时在盖上很多余烬时它的效率更高。文章生词:Paragraph 1colonial adj.殖民的, 殖民地的 n.殖民地居民day-to-day adj.日常的, 逐日的fireplace n.壁炉generally adv.一般, 通常, 一般地plan for 为.作计划, 打算as well as adv.也, 又timber n.木材, 木料mantel n.壁炉架lintel n.建楣, 过梁stonework n.石雕工艺;石制品:石制品;石造建筑column n.圆柱, 柱壮物, 专栏, 纵队catch fire 着火Paragraph 2ledge n.壁架, 架状突出物, 暗礁, 矿层across from adv.在.对面chimney n.烟囱, 灯罩rest vt.使休息, 使静止, 睡眠, 依靠, 搁在vi.休息, 睡眠, 静止, 依靠, 搁在, 保持(状态 n.休息, 静止, 支持物, 台, 架lug n.柄:一个柄或凸出物,作为把手或抓的东西;曳拉v.拖拉pole n.棒, 柱, 杆, 竿, 极, 磁极, 电极vt.用竿支撑, 用棒推vi.撑篙suspend vt.吊, 悬挂v