PEP小学英语的语法知识整理

1、PEP小学英语的语法知识整理1一字母1、字母表（26个字母的顺序和书写格式）Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff GgHh li Jj Kk LI Mm Nn2、元音字母：Aa Ee li Oo Uu3、分类（音）：ei Aa Hh Jj Kki Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vvai li YyOo Pp Qq Rr Ss TtUu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zzu Uu Qq Wwe Ff LI Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz其它：Rr Oo4、字母缩写：CN 中国（PRC）USA （US）美国UK英国UN联合国二、音标：1、元音：（1）单元音：（12个）（2）双元音：（8个）2、辅

2、音：（1）清辅音：（10个）（2）浊辅音：（18个）WC洗手间Mr.先生Miss小姐Mrs.夫人、女士三、重点句型三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在小学阶段共有8册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有7种：to be句 型、therebe句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的句型、be going t。句型等。现以58册书为例，简要分析如下：【一】to be句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描 述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中58册的句型主要有: 1. Whos your English t

3、eacher? Mr. Carter.2. Whats he like? Hes tall and stiong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt. She is very active.4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. Whats your favourite fiuit/fbod.?7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/.8. When is your biithday? Its

4、 in May.9. My birthday is in June. Uncle BilFs biithday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is.11. Whats the date?12. This is Zhang Peng.13. Wliere is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you? Im 164 cm tall.15. You are shorter than me.ld.Yoifre 4 cm taller

5、than me.17. How heavy are you? Im 48 kg.18. Im tliimier than you, and shorter.19. Whats the matter with you? My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah?【二】there be句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：There is+可数名词单数或不可数 名词+时间或地点。There are+可数名词复数十地点。该句型主要分布在第5册的Unit 5和Unit 6中，如: 1. There are two

6、 bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.4. Is there a river? No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes, there are.【三】一般现在时句型

7、：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语 是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s或es,其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中 需要用助动词do或doeso这种句型通常有一些标志词，如usually often sometimes never always等。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit2&3,第6册Unitl&2,第7册Unit4,5,6,第8册Unit2中。如:Book 5：1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursday

8、s.2. What do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5.1 like fruit. But I dont like grapes.Book 6:1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you get up? I usually get up

9、 at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping.4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best.6. Why do you like summer/winter?Book 7：1. How do you go to school, Sarah?2. Usu

10、ally I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does.75. Does she teach English? No, she doesnt. She teaches math.6. What does your mother do? What does your father do?7. Where does she work? She works

11、in a car company.8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun shines and the water beco

12、mes vapour.13. How do you do that?Book 8：1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel?3. You look so happy. You look sad today.【四】现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now也 常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be动词(am, is, are) +动词现在分词(v. ing)。该句型主 要分布在第6册Unit4,5,6中。如:1. What

13、 are you doing? Im doing the dishes. Im reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.4. What is it doing ? Its eating bananas.5. What is she doing ? Shes jumping.6. What are they doing ? Theyre

14、swimming. They re climbing trues.7. Are you eating lunch? No, we arent.8. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are.9. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.10. Is she counting insects? No, she isnt.【五】一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语 +动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是：yesterday, last week , last year等，在问句与否定句中要用助

15、动词 dido该句型分布在第8册Unit3&4中。如：1. .What did you do last weekend? I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did.3. What did you do yesterday? I went fishing.4. Did you read book? Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room? No, I didnt.6. Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjia

16、ng.7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there? I went by train.此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3 中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some.【六】情态动词can引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit4和第7册Unitl中。 如：Book 4： 1. What can you do? I

17、 can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals.2. I can water the flowers.3. Can you make the bed? No, I cant.4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.Book 7 ： How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.【七】将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will和be going to句型，主要以be going to句型为 主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主

18、要结构：am/is/are + going to + v.原形。标志词有：tomorrow： next weekend； this morning； this weekend； next.； be going to 0Book 7：1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going? I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing? He is going to Beijing by

19、plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan? She is going to go there at 9:00 am.PEP小学英语的语法知识整理2一.词类：动词：行为动词、be动词、情态动词。(1)行为动词原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具体判断方法如下:(2) be动词a、Am-was Is was Arewere 口诀:我用am,你用are, is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eye

20、s are(not) small.c、 一般疑问句 Am I .? Yes, you are. No, you arent Aie yoivthey.? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they arent Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isntis、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。(3)情态动词can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者w

21、as。如何加后缀：a. 一般情况下，直接加-s,如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-bedsb. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,力口-es, 如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberriesd.以“f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es,如：knife-knivese . 不规 则名词 复数： man-men, woman-women, policema

22、n-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feettooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 形容词(包括副词)形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。两个重要特征：asas中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性（短）名词性（长

23、）形容词性（短）名词性（长） 第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours第二 人称 you you you you your yours your yours 第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs she her her hersit it its its 人称代词： 有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词（短的）和名词性物主代词（长的）一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词（短的）；如无，就用名词性物主代词（长的）。 数量词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数

24、量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。 序数词的前面一般都加theo6、冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母aeiou）前，a用于辅音音素前。二.否定句：be 动词（am、is、are was、were） +not 情态动词（can、must% should） + not 助动词（do、does did） + not 如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没

25、有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称 单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。（3）在助动词后加not。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。 强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。三.一般疑问句。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在

26、主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称 单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。（3）把助动词后提到句首。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。!1!、特殊疑问句。表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：疑问词意思用法When什么时间问时间What time什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who谁问人Whose谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点Which哪一个问选择Why为什么问原因What什么问东西、事物What col

27、our什么颜色问颜色What about。怎么样问意见What day星期儿问星期儿What date什么日期问日期What for为何目的问目的How o o o o怎样问情况How old多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量（可数名词）问数量Howmuch多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）How about o o o o怎么样问意见How often多久间频率How long多长时间问时间长度How far多远问多远；多长距离五.祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头（有时有please）,否定的祈使句一定是don加动词原形开头（

28、有时 有 please ）o把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加doift即可。六时态1、一般现在时（1） 一般现在时中的be动词：一般用原形：am is aream用于第一人称单数（I）； is用于第三人称单数（he she it和其他人名或称谓，如:Ben his sister 7等）；are用于笫二人称单数（you）和所有复数（包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you：第三人称 复数 they 和其他复数，如 the children、his parents 等）。（2） 一般现在时中的动词：第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数（he she it和其他，如Helen her cousin等），动

29、词后一般加s 或eso第二种情况：主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形。（4） 一般现在时判断依据（如何判断一个句子是一般现在时）：be 动词是 am、is、are动词用原形或加s、es没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday sometimes等不是具体的时间2、一般过去时（1）一般过去时中的be动词：一般用过去式：was werewas用于第一人称单数（I）和第三人称单数（he she it和其他人名或称谓，如：Ben 、 his sister等）; were用于第二人称单数（you）和所有复数（包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you；第三人称复数 they 和其他复数

30、，如 the children、his parents 等）。（2） 一般过去时中的动词：一般只有一种情况：+ed这里强调一点，和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称，也不管是单数和复数都加ed。（4） 一般过去时判断依据（如何判断一个句子是一般过去时）：be动词是was、were动词加ed有表示过去的时间状语现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：just now a moment ago yesterdaylast week last nightlast weekend last yearlast monththree days ago two weeks agofive years a

31、go this morning3、一般将来时（1）构成形式：Be going to +动词原形，will +动词原形（2） 一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。（3）句中往往有 tomorrow、soon、next week 等词。4、现在进行时（1）构成形式：Be动词+动词的ing形式这里强调一点，两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。（2）现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。（3）有用的依据:一个句子中既有be动词，乂有动词，且动词加了 ing-该句是现在进行时（4）句中往往有now、look、listen等词。动词过去式、现在分词的不规则变化：be 是was, wer

32、ebeingbegin 开始beganbeginningbuild 建筑builtbuildingbuy 买boughtbuyingcan 能could无come 来camecomingcopy 拷贝copiedcopyingdo 做diddoingdraw 画drewdrawingdrink 喝drankdrinkingdrive 驾车drovedrivingeat 吃ateeatingfeel 感觉feltfeelingfind 找;jfoundfindingfly flewflyingforget 忘i己forgotforgettingget 得到gotgettinggive 给予gav

33、egivinggo 去wentgoinggrow 成长grewgrowinghave 有hadhavinghear 听heardhearingkeep 保持keptkeepingknow 知道knewknowinglearn 学习一learnt, learnedlearning let 让letlettingmake 做mademakingmay 可以might无mean 意思meant meaningmeet 见面metmeetingmust 必须must无put放-putputtingread 读一一read-readingride骑rode-ridingring 响一rangringin

34、grun 跑-ranrunningsay说-said一sayingsee看见-sawseeingsing唱歌-sangsingingsit 坐-sat-sittingsleep 睡觉sleptsleepingspeak 讲话spokespeakingspend 花钱spentspendingstand 站立stoodstandingsweep 打扫sweptsweepingswim 游泳swamswimmingtake 拿到tooktakingteach 教taughtteachingtell 讲述toldtellingthink 思考thoughtthinkingwill 意愿would无w

35、rite 写wrotewriting各词的复数练习一、写出下列各词的复数I_himthisher watchchildphoto _diary _day_ footbook dress toothsheepboxstrawberrythiefyo-yo peachsandwichman.woman paper juice_watermilkricetea_二、填空:Hike一（鱼）_ fresh.I like(葡萄)sour.I like(豆腐)and(茄子).healthy.What do you have for lunch on(Monday Mondays) ?Would you li

36、ke some(土豆)?No,salty.would you?some(茄子).sweet.三、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of(water) in the bottle.5. There are five(people ) in his family.6. Let s take(photo), OK?7. I have lots of

37、(tomato) here.8. The(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their(dictionary) look new.11. 1 see you have a few white(hair).12. They are(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of(orange), please?14. There are many(fox) in the picture.15. I wo

38、uld like some apple(juice). I am very thirsty.代词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1. That is not kite. That kite is very small, but is very big. (I)2. The dress is. Give it to. ( she )3. Is this watch? (you) No, its not. (I)4. is my is Jack. Look! Those stamps are. ( he )5. dresses are red. (we) What colour

39、 are? ( you )6. Here are many dolls, which one is? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres? ( you )8. Show your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful is Mimi. These cakes are. (it)1110. Are these tickets? No,are not.arent here. (they )11. Shall have a look at that classroom? That is classro

40、om. ( we )12. is my aunt. Do you know job?a nurse. ( she )13. That is not camera.is at home. ( he )14. Wliere are? I cant find. Lets call parents. ( they )15. Dont touch.not a cat,a tiger!16. sister is ill. Please go and get. ( she )17. dont know her name. Would you please tell. ( we )18. So many do

41、gs. Lets count. ( they )19. I have a lovely brother.is only 3. I like very much. ( he )20. May I sit beside? ( you )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on. (it )22. The girl behind is our friend, (she )比较级专项练习一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子(1) How is the Yellow River? How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm. How are your fe

42、et? I wear size 18.(4) How is the white T-shirt? Its 100 yuan.(5) How apples are there in the bag? There are 5.(6) How is the fish? Its 2kg.二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1) Im 12 years old. Ybure 14. Im than you.(2) A tabbits tail is than a ins tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A baske

43、tball is than a football.三、根据中文完成句子.我比我的弟弟大三岁.Im than my brother.这棵树要比那棵树高.This tree than that one.你比他矮四厘米.You are than he.谁比你重？ than you.他比你更强壮.He is than you.四、根据答句写出问句(1)Fm 160 cm.(2)Fm 12 years old.(3)My shoes are 80 yuan.(4)Amys hair is 30 cm long.(5)I have three English books.一)、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级

44、oldyou nstall.longshortstronebigsmallfat_ thin heavy_ lightnice good beautiful一low high slow fastlate early far well二)、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1. My brother is two years(old)than me.2. Tom is as(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister(young) than you? Yes,she is.4. Who is(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.5. Whose pencil-bo

45、x is(big),yours or hers? Hers is.6. Marys hair is as(long) as Lucys.7.Ben(jump)(high) than some of the boys in his class.8 .Nancy sing(well) than Helen? Yes, she.9 .Fangfang is not as(tall) as the other girls.10 .My eyes are(big) than(she).11 .Which is(heavy),the elephant or the pig?12 .Who gets up(

46、early),Tim or Tom?13 .the girls get up(early) than the boys?No,they.14 . Jim runs(slow). But Ben runs(slow).15 .The child doesnt(write) as(fast) as the students.三)、翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。is than Jim ? are2、谁比 David 更强壮？ & Gao Shan. than David? Gao Shan .3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。pencil is,or? isj think.4、谁的

47、苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples ,your or yourMy .5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。as as your uncle?YesJ am.6、他和他的朋友Jim 一样年轻。He as as Jim.7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。as as twin?No,than him.8 . Yang Ling每天睡得比Su Yang晚。Yang Ling to than Su Yang every day.9 .我跳得和Mike一样远。I as as Mike.10 .Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快。Tom than you?No,h

48、e. He as as11 .多做运动，你会更强壮。more exercise,youll soon.12 .我的科学很好,但是语文示瓦一I at Science.But I dont well in Chinese.13 .你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。 you the kite than Wang bing?NoJ it than.14 .我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。I like.All my than me.15 .我的姐姐起得比我早。My up than me.16 .女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。the girls the boys? Yes,they.17 .她不

49、擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。She doesnt in PE. But I don5t than.18 .你足球丽讪你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。you football than your classmates?NoJhey as as me.19 .我母亲比我父亲年纪小。My than my.20 .她的毛衣和我的一样重。 sweater as as.21 .我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。My dress too. I want to a one.22 . Im taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较)Im as as Mike .三.巩固练习1. Tai

50、wan is the southeast of China, (in, on, to)2. Go the bridge the river, youll find the shop. (across, through; over, above)3. I go to school 7:30 every morning, (in, on, at)4. He would like to meet her 8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning. (between, among )5. The Greens have lived in China three years, (in

51、, for, after)6. We go to school every day Saturday and Sunday. (except, besides)7. He wrote the letter ink. (by, with ,in)8. She returned to her country five years, (in, after, for)9. There is a big tree our classroom. (after, behind)10. I usually go to work bike. (by, on, with)用适当的介词填空The man blue

52、is Jacks father.Who the girl small mouth?You shouldnt walk the grass.Look, Nancy is sitting her father and mother.You must stay away the house.Now, I know a lot insects.My little brother always has a lot questions.Were veiy happy school.Keep the grass,please.Jim is in Row 4.1 sit himLets hurry, were

53、 late the class.Liu Tao is passing the ball David.Who,s the woman the red scarf?13Our classroom is the teachers OfficeLook the picture. Who is the girl the man and the woman.Can you read the number one ten?Go the street,turn right at the first crossing.What can you see the tree? Some peachesMr Wang

54、is ill. Hes homeHeres a letter Fang Ming. Let me read it to you.My skirts are the sofaThis is a photo my familyCan I go you?The girl green is my aunt.There are some bikes the big tree.Put your umbrella the door.The post office is the bank of ChinaI can see a sofa the desk and the fridge.巩固练习：1. Be careful,you will fall off the tree.a. so b. or c. but d. and2. Never give up,you*ll make it.a. and b. but c. or d. yet3. Lucy and Lily are twins. Lucy likes playing basketball,Lily doesnt.a. and b. as c. but d. or4. Mr Brown knows little Japanese,he cant understand the instructio