“高考第1轮复习英语”词汇知识冲刺

1、2012-2013学年高三英语一轮复习精选 词汇知识过关词汇知识过关Module 1 Unit 1单元复习要点聚焦（学习内容分层）Welcome to the unit & Reading核心单词mean vt. 意思是；意指；打算experience n. & vt.经历, 体验attend vi. & vt. 参加，参与earn vt.获得；赚，挣得,devote vt.致力于；献身respect n.& vt.尊敬, 敬重average adj.一般的,普通的,平均的struggle n.难事；斗争；努力 vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎challenging ad

2、j.具有挑战性的satisfaction n.满意认知单词enjoyable a.有乐趣的，令人愉快的assembly n.集会, 会议headmaster n.校长literature n.文学encouragement n.鼓励cooking n.做饭，烹饪，烹调fond a.喜爱的，喜欢的Spanish n.西班牙人, 西班牙语sculpture n.雕像，雕塑dessert n.甜点surf vt. & vi.冲浪academic a.学业的，学术的extra a.额外的,外加的exchange n. & vt.交换；交流重点短语used to 过去常常（做）for f

3、ree 免费be fond of 喜爱，喜欢look back on 回忆，回顾重点句型1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. 2. , so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names. 3. Though it did not look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very m

4、uch. 4. I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake that I made. 5. CMHS has much more than you expect. 6. Upon finishing his studies，he started travelling in China.Word power $ Grammar and usage & Task核心单词graduate vi.毕业n.毕业生donate vt.捐赠, 捐献，赠予independent a.独立的somehow ad.不知为什么；不知怎么in

5、form vt.通知，告知run vt. 管理；操作认知单词former a.以前的fluent a.流利的painting n.绘画，绘画作品kindness n.善意splendid a.极佳的，非常好的title n.（书的）名称，（文章的）题目，篇名dynasty n.朝代，王朝recent a.新近的，最近的professor n.教授重点短语think of 思考，考虑more than 不仅仅，超过upon doing 一就make use of利用语法定语从句简介与常用关系代词Project核心单词host n.主持人；主人，东道主approve vt.&vi.批准，通

6、过；赞成，同意select vt. 选择，挑选charge n.负责，掌管vt.使承担责任；收费event n.（重要）事件；社交活动；比赛项目认知单词schoolmate n.同学，校友broadcast vt. & n.广播，播放preparation n.准备，筹备outing n.短途旅行，远足graduation n.毕业poet n.诗人generation n.一代，一代人literary a.文学的courtyard n.庭院，院子composition n.作品；成分重点单词refer to 参考，涉及in charge of 负责，掌管inform of 提出so

7、that 如此，以致come up with 提出写作写通知Welcome to the unit & Reading 词汇讲解核心单词1. mean vt. 意思是；意指；打算1).What do you mean，it was my fault？你什么意思，是我的错吗？2).To raise wages means increasing purchasing power. 增加工资意味着提高购买力。3).You are not meant to eat the orange peel. 你不应该吃橘子皮。4).They didn't mean for her to read

8、 the letter. 他们并不想让她读那封信。【用法总结】mean doing 意味着mean to do 打算，想要，有意图mean sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事be meant for 预定给be meant to do sth.应该做某事【用法拓展】means n.手段，方法(单复数同形)by any means (口)用一切可能的方法或手段by all means 可以，当然行，没问题by means of 依靠方法，借助手段by no means/not by any meansnot at all 一点也不，绝不mean adj.吝啬的, 小气的;It is me

9、an(adj.) of sb to do sth 某人做某事很卑鄙2experience n. 经验；实践；经历；阅历；vt. 经历；经受【例句】1).He has much experience in managing a company.他在管理公司方面有丰富的经验。2).Have you ever experienced skiing？你体验过滑雪吗？3). He had many interesting experiences while travelling in Africa. 他在非洲旅行时, 有许多有趣的经历.【特别提醒】experience 作“经验，实践”讲，为不可数名词，

10、作“经历，体验”讲时，为可数名词。【用法拓展】(1) have experience in doing sth. 在方面有经验know from experience 凭经验得知learn by experience 从经验中学习(2) be experienced in doing sth. /at sth. 在(做)方面有经典例句(建议背诵)：The sailor has rich experience and he often tells us his interesting experiences.这水手有丰富的经验，他经常给我们讲他有趣的经历。3. attend vt.&vi

11、.出席，参加【例句】1).Many foreign leaders attended the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics. 许多外国领导人出席了北京奥运会开幕式。2).Why weren't you attending when I explained before？我之前解释的时候，你怎么不注意听呢？3).I always have so many things to attend to when I come into the office after a trip abroad.我每次从国外旅行回来，一到办公室就会有一大堆的事

12、情需要处理。4).The patients are well attended on in this hospital. 病人在这家医院得到很好的照料。【用法拓展】(1)attend school/church 上学/做礼拜attend a meeting/wedding/ceremony参加会议/婚礼/典礼attend a lecture/class/movie 听演讲/听课/看电影(2)attend on/upon sb.护理，照顾某人attend to 照料(顾客)；处理，料理(生意或个人事务)【词义辨析】attend , join , join in , take part in(1)

13、 attend指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，是“出席，到场”的意思。(2) join指加入某个团体或组织，成为其成员之一，如加入政党、团体、组织、俱乐部，还可以接表示人的名词或代词，指加入到这些人当中去参加某项活动。如：Come and join us!(3) join in意为“和某人一起做某事”，有时可以和take part in互换。join sb. in sth./doing sth. 加入到某人做某事的行列中去。(4) take part in多指参加大型的群众性活动并在活动中发挥一定作用。take part in短语中part前若出现修饰语，则在修饰语前加不定

14、冠词，如：take an active part in the sport。He attended yesterday's meeting.他出席了昨天的会议。(听而不一定主讲)He took part in yesterday's meeting.他参加了昨天的会议。(出席并且参与组织)4. earn vt. 获得；赚，挣得,辨析：obtain , acquire , gain , earn , achieve attain常指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料的结果，也可指达到某一目标。 obtain意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味，用于正

15、式语体中。 acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。 gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。 earn意为“挣得，赢得”。指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。 achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。5devote v致力；献身；专心【例句】1) He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。2) Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。【重点

16、用法】devote to 献身于；专心于在devote to短语中，to是介词，后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有：pay attention to（注意)stick to（坚持)lead to（导致)preferto（相比更喜欢)look forward to（盼望)【词性拓展】devote (vt.) 付出（时间 精力等）;奉献; 献身于某事物devotion (n.) 付出（时间 精力等）;奉献; 献身devoted (adj.)热爱的; 非常忠实的; 全心全意的6. respect n.& vt.尊敬, 敬重【典型例句】1).I have great/the grea

17、test respect for his ideas，although I don't agree with them.我非常尊重他的想法，不过我并不赞同这些想法。2).In what respect do you think China is the greatest?你认为在哪一方面中国是最伟大的？3).If you don't respect yourself，how can you expect others to respect you?自己不自重，又怎能受到别人尊重呢？4).New teachers have to earn/gain the respect of

18、their students.新教师必须要赢得学生的尊重。【核心纲】respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊敬某人respect sb.as.尊敬某人为show respect for sb.尊敬某人have respect for sb.尊敬某人win/earn the respect of /from sb.赢得某人的尊敬in every respect在各个方面with respect to关于，至于，就而言 经典例句(建议背诵)：A respectable man is one who is worthy of being respected.一个令人尊敬的人是值得受人尊敬的。

19、7. average adj.一般的,普通的,平均的【例句】1).What was your average on the three tests？你3次考试的平均成绩是多少？2).The average age of the boys in my class is sixteen.我班男生的平均年龄为十六岁。3).On average，men smoke more cigarettes than women.男人平均比女人吸烟多。【用法拓展】above/below(the)average 高于/低于平均水平on(the/an)average 平均；一般地说up to(the)average

20、达到平均的an average of. 平均有work out an average 算出平均数8. struggle n.难事；斗争；努力 vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎【典型例句】1).The poor girl struggled in the robber's arms.那可怜的小女孩在抢劫犯的手臂里挣扎。 2).He struggled to control his temper.他努力控制住自己的脾气。3).He has been struggling for success in his business.他一直为生意上的成功而努力。4).For years she strugg

21、led with/against the establishment to get her theories accepted.她与传统势力抗争多年，力图使自己的学说得到认可。 【核心纲】struggle against与做斗争struggle with与做斗争；与并肩斗争struggle for为而斗争struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来9. challenging adj.具有挑战性的 challenge n. & vt. 挑战，激励【例句】He is a person who likes challenging tasks.他是一个喜欢挑战性任务的人。

22、Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face.环境的破坏是我们所面临的最严峻的挑战之一。The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。Teaching is a challenging and rewarding job.教书是一个富有挑战性且有意义的工作。10. satisfaction n.满意【例句】1) At last, the whole class found sat

23、isfaction in their work.最终,全班都对他们的工作感到满意。2) What he promised could not satisfy his family.他的许诺并未能使他的家人满意。【词性拓展】satisfaction (n.)满意satisfy (v.)使满意satisfying (adj.)令人满足的satisfied (adj.)感到满意的经典例句(建议背诵)：Some days she is satisfied only by an enormous meal, while other times she is contented with a bowl o

24、f cereal.有时候只有大餐才能令她满意，但有时她只要一碗燕麦片就满足了。content指安于现状的满足。Satisfy指需要得到充分实现的满足。巩固提高单项填空1. What he did didnt mean _ you. He meant _ you. Ahurting; helping Bto hurt; helpingCto hurt; to help Dhurting; to help2. If I dont get some money from my parents by Friday, could I borrow some from you? _. But can I

25、know why? (2012江苏南通高三期末调研)A. Never mind B. Not at all C. By no means D. By all means3. He is generous to everybody with money while his wife is always _ with money.Anormal Bnegative Cmean Dimmoral4. He is a man of _ and he had _ interesting _ in his life.Amuch experience; a lot of; experiences Bmany

26、 experiences; much; experience Cmany experiences; much; experiences Dmuch experience; a lot of; experiences5. Everybody showed great respect to the old doctor, who devoted everything he had to _ the poor conditions of the local hospital.Aimproving Bimprove Cto improve Dbeing improved6. His bravery i

27、n the large earthquake in Sichuan Province_ him great respect. AgainedBearnedC inspiredD Honored7. _, there are 200 visitors to the exhibition every day.AIn average BAt averageCOn average DFor average8. Although it had been _ struggle for him to finish the experiment, he enjoyed the result with _ sa

28、tisfaction.Athe, / Ba, / Ca, a D/, a9. The lion made a sudden angry noise and _.Astruggled on its feet Bleaped to feetCleaped on its feet Dstruggled to its feet10. Theyve sold their house_leaving the country.Apreparation toBpreparation forCin preparation forDon preparation for答案 1-5. DDCAA 6-10. BCB

29、DC重点短语重点短语：1 usual比往常 usual和往常一样2 对感到满意 喜欢3. for free , 4. get a general idea of 5. word by word 6. used to 7. look back on 8. for example 9. such as 检测：选择适当的词组填空（请使用上面的重点短语）1They let me have these vegetables _.2Some of the rubbish，_ food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time.3Some s

30、tudents，_，John, live in the school.4I _ swim in the river when I was a child.5If you _ the past, you will understand your parents better.6She _ the job she got yesterday.7Go through the text quickly and _ the passage.8He looked over his composition _ in order to find out some mistakes重点句型1. Going to

31、 a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.句式分析：动名词短语做主语的用法，谓语动词用单数形式。此外，动名词短语还可以做宾语，表语和定语不同成分。Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 集邮是个好习惯。I like shopping very much. 我很喜欢购物。His hobby is collecting stamps. There is a swimming pool in his new house. 他的新房里有个游

32、泳池。【拓展】动名词做主语的习惯表达：1. It is no use/good + doing 做某事没有用处。2. There is no + doing 某事是不可能的Its no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。There is no knowing what my happen. 未来的事无法知道。2. so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.句式分析：这里是it 做形式主语的用法，这是为了能保持句子结构的平衡，用it 做形式宾语，而把真正的主语放在后面，常表现为用

33、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或名词性从句做主语是。此句也可改写为：To remember all the faces and names was a struggle for me.It's said that Tom has come back from abroad.It's a pity that he can't swim for his age.It is interesting to learn about the Wolong Panda Reserve.Its no use/good talking to him.3. Though it did

34、 not look very beautiful when it was finished, I still liked it very much句式分析：though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或never，the less连用，但不能与but连用。Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong

35、. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。4. CMHS has much more than you expect. 句式分析：more than 是英语中常见的用于两者比较的结构，表示“超过，多于”It is like an underground city, covering an area of mor

36、e than 20 acres. 该中心是世界上最大的室内购物中心之一。它就像一个地下城市，面积有20多英亩。Our club is much more than just music. 我们的俱乐部现在不只是播放音乐。【拓展】more than 的其他用法(1)more.than.引导比较状语从句，表示“比多；比更加或与其说倒不如说”。(2)more than名词/动词/从句形式表“远远；不只是；不仅仅是”。(3)be more than (a little)形容词表“十分；非常”。not more.than.表“不如；没有到的程度”(前者不如后者)。no less than表“不少于；多达

37、”的意思 。5. Upon finishing his studies，he started travelling in China.句式分析：Upon/on + 动名词（名词），表示“一就”Upon their entering the tomb, Carters lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo, was swallowed by a snake.进入陵墓的那一刻，卡特的那只被他留在开罗的幸运爱鸟被一条蛇给吞吃了。【拓展】“一就”的其他表达1. the moment, instant, minute, second (that)等时间名词

38、用作边际从属连词，表示“一就”，其后的that经常省略，moment等词前可以用very等形容词修饰。I sent you the news the instant that I heard it. 我一得到消息就通知了你。I have to go to Dallas the moment the meeting finishes. 会议一结束，我就得去达拉斯。2. each / every time, next / last / first / second / any / all / whole time等前者表示“每次”，后者表示具体的“上次、下次”等。Next time you com

39、e, youll see him. 下次你来时，就会见到他。Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick. 每次坐船，我都要晕船。3. the morning, afternoon, evening, night, day, week, month, year等表示“一年、一上午”等。We were there the week it snowed so heavily. 下大雪的那一周我们正在那里。He got ill the day he arrived home. 他回家那天生病了。Word power $ Grammar and usage

40、 & Task1. graduate【例句】She graduated from an American college. 她从一所美国的学院毕业。【词性拓展】graduate (n.) (大学)毕业生, 研究生 (v.) (使)(大学)毕业graduation (n.)2donate v捐赠，赠送；捐献 【常用结构】donate sth to sb “捐赠, 赠予”The famous professor will donate a lot of science books to our library.【拓展】contribute (sth) to sb “捐助，捐献”He con

41、tributed a thousand pounds to a charity 他捐助一千英镑给一个慈善团体。【词性拓展】donate (v.)捐赠donate sth to sb donation(n.)He donated 10,000$ to the earthquake disaster area a donation of $200二百美元的捐款3. independent a.独立的【例句】Cats and dogs have quite different natures dogs like company,cats are independent. 猫和狗的习性迥异狗喜欢有伴，

42、猫爱独来独往。【词性拓展】independent (adj.)独立自主的, 不受约束的independence (n.)独立, 自主dependent (adj.)依靠的,依赖的dependence (n.)依靠, 依赖, 信任, 信赖【考点聚焦】be independent of 独立于independence (n.) from 独立于；不依靠depend on (upon) 依靠；依赖dependent on (upon) 依靠;依赖dependence (n.) on (upon) 依靠；依赖 经典例句(建议背诵)：I used to be dependent on my parent

43、s. Now Im independent of them.我从前一切都依赖父母，现在我独立了。4. somehow 不知为什么；不知怎么【例句】1).What were you doing at his house anyway？当时你究竟在他的房子里做什么呀？2).We must get the design finished somehow by tomorrow evening.我们必须设法在明天晚上以前把设计完成。3).I know what we're doing is legal，but somehow it doesn't feel right.我知道我们正在做

44、的事情是合法的，但不知什么原因总觉得不对劲。剑桥高阶4).As we know，his maths has been good，but somehow he failed in the last monthly exam.正如我们所知道的，他的数学成绩一直很好，却不知怎么地他在上个月月考中失败了。【用法拓展】anyhow非正式表达anyway 不管怎样；无论如何(1)用在口语中“对了”(用于继续讲述某事或改变话题)Anyway，where do you want to go for lunch？对了，你打算去哪儿吃午餐呀？(2)“反正”(用于支持所说的内容)We decided to sell

45、 it because nobody uses it anyway.我们决定把它卖了，反正没人用它了。5. inform vt.通知，告知【例句】1) He informed them of his arrival. 他通知他们他到了。2) The secretary informed the manager that the meeting had been put off. 秘书通知经理会议已经推迟了。【相关链接】informed (adj.)见多识广的 information (n.)消息，通知【用法拓展】inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事inform sb. that告知

46、某人inform sb.+疑问词十不定式通知某人be informed that.被告知*【特别提醒】inform后不能接双宾语，必须接inform sb. of sth.。类似的动词有：rob/cheat/warn sb. of sth.6. run vt. 管理；操【典型例句】1). It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines,现代工业发展起来了，却根本没想到操作机器的人的本质。2). They soon ran out of their food.

47、They soon used up their food.他们很快用完了食物。3). Let me know if you run across my keys.如果你碰巧看到了我的钥匙，告诉我一声。4). His car ran into the fence.他的汽车撞上了围栏。5). She's been running after him for years.她追求他多年了。【核心纲】run out结束，东西用完了(主语为物，无被动态)；流出run out of(人)用完了；从中流出/跑出run across无意中碰到，遇见run after追逐；追求run into碰撞；偶然遇

48、到run over浏览；(车辆)碾压run through浏览Project.语境填词1You can join the class if your parents _ (同意)2We have finished all necessary _ (准备)3The gold watch has been handed down to their children from one _ (一代) to another.4Nowadays _ (挑选) a mobile phone for personal use is not easy because technology is changing

49、 rapidly.5The CCTV1 _ (播报) the news at 1900 every evening.6It was Chaucer who really turned English into _ (文学的) language.7What is its _ (成分)?8We are going on an _ (远足) this Sunday.重点短语1.approve of 2.in charge of 3.make preparations for 4.more than 5.give messages to 6.inform.of .选词填空1Im _ your teac

50、her.Im also your best friend.2Many students use their mobile phones to _ their close friends and teachers.3I _ what happened to Tom.4Who is _ the children?5I quite _ your idea of having further study in Britain.6All the students are busy _ their final examinations重点词汇1. It is great because it is run

51、 by the students for the school.这个俱乐部的非常之处在于它是由学生们自己为学校创办的。 run 1) vi.:（机器）运转 ； 流、淌 2) vt.: 管理、经营in the long run 从长远看来 on the run 奔跑run into 撞上与 . 相撞 run out 用完 run out ofrun across 偶然遇见(不期而遇). run after 追赶 run along 走开 2. He approved the idea, and two years later I am in charge of the radio club as

52、 the oldest student member. 校长同意了。两年后，我作为元老负责校广播俱乐部的工作。(教材P18)approve approval n. 同意1) vi 赞成 approve of2) vt 批准，通过charge vt.使承担责任；收费 n.负责，掌管charge sb.some money for sth.就向某人收取费用charge off 把当作损耗注销；把归因于be falsely charged 被诬告charge for 索价，要价charge sb. with 控告某人做某事，交付责任in charge (of) 管理，负责，主管in the charge of 由管理free of charge 免费3. we also give messages to inform the parents of events such as outings and school plays.我们还会广播一些通知，告诉家长们有关诸如远足、校内戏剧表演之类的活动讯息。 (教材P18)inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事inform sb. that告知某人inform sb.+疑问词十不定式通知某人be informed that.被告知*【特别提醒】inform后不能接双宾语，必须接inform sb. of sth.。类似的动词有：