初级中学英语语法代词复习资料讲解

1、*初中英语语法代词复习讲解代词是代替名词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、 指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。一.人称代词人称代词起代表人和事物的作用，有人称、数和格的变化。人称代词的形式： 主格：单数 I、 you、he、 she、it复数we、you、they宾格：单数 me、you、him、her、it复数us、 you、them1、作主语（用主格）：She is a teacher（作主语） We love our country. It is my book. 注意：1）、人称代词主格单数he.she和it的复数形式相同，都是they,宾

2、格形式也相同，为them。2）、主格代词（I,she等）一般不单独使用，也不用于带not的简短回答中，这种情况下往往用宾格代词。Who did it?Me/Not me.3）、I永远要大写，无论在句前还是在句中。2、作宾语（用宾格）1）、作及物动词的宾语。 Xiao Li helped me with my lessons. We all know her. 2）、介词宾语。He had a talk with me this month.Please look at it.3、作表语。比较正式的场合用主格，口语中用宾格。-Whos is knocking at the door?-It

3、9; s me.Oh, It's you.4 .人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。 Jack is older than her.Xiao Li is older than I am.5 .人称代词在句中并列使用时，一般的顺序为："二，三，一人称"。单数you,he and I,复数you,they and we.You, she and I enjoy the music.6 .、she常可以代表国家、大地、月亮、太阳、船只等。China will always do what she promiseed to do.The Sh

4、anghai （上海轮）arrives tomorrow.,doesn't she?7 .it的用法：（1）、常用来代替不明性别的小孩child和baby婴儿。It is a lovely child. Is it a boy or a girl? （2）、指代 this 或 thatWhat's this?It's a cat.That must be a cat,isn't it?(3) .指代时间、距离、天气、环境等What's the weather like today?It's windy'It's about fiv

5、e minuts ' walk from my home to school.It's time to go home.If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.He liked living there,it was usually very quiet.(4) .用来确指某人，特别是身份不明的人。Who is it?It's the postman.I don't know it was you.(5) .指代前文提到过的一件事情I won't do it agait.Have you heard about

6、 it?Don't mention it.A woman saw it happen.(6) .作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词短语或主语从句It's nice of you to give me so much help.It seems that Chinese food is the most popular in the world.How long does it take you to go home by bike?He found it very difficult to sleep.I think it right to do it like this.

7、it、 that、 one 的用法区别A、替代含义的不同It替代特定的、同一的事物，既可以代替可数名词单数，又可以代替不可数名词。That替代特定的、但不同一的事物，既可以代替可数名词单数，又可以代替不可数名 词。One替代一个不确定的、泛指的人或物，只替代可数名词单数。Yestoday I lost my pen,but I 've found it.Yestoday I lost my pen,but now I 've bought one .My seat is next to that of my teacher.B、修饰语的不同It不能带任何修饰成分One 可以有

8、the. This.that.which.each 等修饰C、复数不同It themthatthoseoneones二.物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，形容词性 my、your、his、her、 its、our、 your、 their 名词性 mine 、 yours 、 his 、 hers、 its 、 ours、 yours 、 theirs1、形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，在句中作定语。例如：I saw it with my eyes.Our English teacher is a beautiful girl.2、名词性物主

9、代词的作用相当于名词，在句中作主语、宾语和表语。Her dress is green.Mine is blue.(作主语)-Is this English-book yours?-No,It 's his.(作表语)I lost my pen. May I use yours?Your bike is different from his.（作宾语）注意：1）、 its 与 it's 不能混淆it's = it is 或 it has2）、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词虽然都译成“的”，但形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后面需有名词，名词性物主代词不能用在名词之前，名词性

10、物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词Mary ' hair is longer than mine.（my hair）.Her bike is different from ours.3） ."of+名词性物主代词”表示所属，也可以用作定语，表示众多中的一个。如:a sister of his他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友三.反身代词表示“我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我们自己"，"你们自己”等表示自身或强调自身 的代词称为反身代词。（动词所表达的动作返回到动作者本

11、身）反身代词有人称和数的变化，其形式如下表：单数： myself 、 yourself 、 himself 、 herself 、 itself 、复数： ourselves、yourselves、themselves其构成规则是：第一、二人称：在形容词性物主代词后加self或selves第三人称：在人称代词宾格后加self或selves反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1 .作宾语，反身代词的最主要功能就是作宾语。He taught himself English.I cut myself this morning.Would you please express yourself i

12、n English?Help yourself to some tea.The boy is too young to look after himself.（介词宾语）Don't think too much of yourself.（介词宾语）2 .作表语。She is not quite herself today.The woman in the picture is myself.3 .作同位语，强调和反身代词同位的名词或代词。1）、和主语同位.。They themselves wanted to go together.I myself washed the clothes

13、.You youfself said so.He himself was a doctor.作主语同位语时，可放主语之后也可放句末。She taught her English herself.She herself told me the news.2）、和宾语同位You'd better ask the doctor herself.4 .要牢记反身代词与及物动词构成的固定搭配：注意：enjoy oneself=have a good time （过得彳艮愉快 ） by oneself=alone （单独、独自）help oneself to随便（乞/喝 些）learn sth.

14、by oneself =teach oneself sth.（自学） look oneself （照顾自己） come to oneself （苏醒过来） wash oneself （自己洗澡）5 .反身代词常和介词构成习惯用语，by oneself for oneself 独自地 say to oneself 自 言自语among themselves 他们之间6 .反身代词不能单独作主语。Myself did it.（错）I myself did it.（）四.指示代词指示代词是用来指代上下文中出现的人或事的代词。单数 this, that, it, such , same复数these,

15、 thosesuch same1 .在句中起名词作用，作主语、宾语、表语；也可起形容词作用，作定语。This is an apple.That's a good idea. 主语I like this and he likes that. Will you tell me all about that.宾语和介词宾语The reason is this, 表语These bags are very heavy. Who will talk with that man. 定语2 .指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，That is my teacher

16、.（K） 那是我的老师。（that作主语，指人） He is going to marry this girl.（） 他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）She is going to marry this.（错）（this 作宾语时不能指人）I bought this.（）我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语）3 .this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人.I want this one,not that one.This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are busy these d

17、ays.In those days the workers had a hard time.4 .有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物.I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.He was ill yesterday .I am sorry to hear that.Tell the children to do like this: put up this stick What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important

18、 in learning English.5 .有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that指代前文同类的不可数名词，those代替前文同类的复数可数名词。用 the one指代与前文同类的单数可数名词。例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.The boxes are heavier than those on the desk.The population of China is large than that of Japan.The weather in summer in

19、 Beijing is cooler than that in Shanghai.6 . this在电话用语中彳t表自己，that则代表对方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?7、That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：He admired that which looked beautiful.（卡寸） 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。He admired those who looked beautiful.（卡寸） 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）8.

20、1 t指人时也可作为指示代词看待。Who is it? It's me.Oh,It's you, Zhang Ling.9.such和same也是指示代词。他们的单数、复数形式相同，在句中可作主语、宾语、 表语和定语。Such are the results.（主）The same may be said of his sister.（主）His mistake is not such that he can't overcome it.（表语）Our coats are the same.俵语）Take from the bag such as you need.（宾

21、语）My sister cut the cake and her child did the same.（宾语）I have met many such people.（定语）We go to the same school.（定语）注意：1）、such作定语时，如果名词前有不定冠词，则 such放在不定冠词前面。I have never seen such a beautiful place before.2）、在same之前，一定要用定冠词the。五.不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，具有名词和形容词性质，并有可数和不可数之分，没有确定的对象而有非确定的特指意义。在句中可

22、作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some 与 any1）some any相当于名词和形容词，作定语时均可以代替可数名词和不可数名词。some多用于肯定句，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。表示“一些，几个” 。作形容词时，后面可 以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。Some of the students are cleaning the library.Some rice in the bag has been sold out.Some of the boys are good at swimming.any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中，表示

23、“一些，任何” ，在句中用作主语、 宾语、定语。用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。Any of you can do it.Have you got any colour chalk?Are there any stamps in your drawer?2）、if引导的条件句中，用 any不用some.If you have any money,buy some books.If you have any questions, please ask me.3）、：在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any 。Will you gi

24、ve me some water?Would you like some meat?Could I have some apples?May I ask some questions?Why not buy some fruit for her?4）、some和any可以用来修饰单数名词,any用在肯定句中时，意思是“任何的"Any student can answer this question.You can take any book you like.Some day Chinese people will fly to the moon.You may come at an

25、y time.5）、any也可与比较级连用，表示程度。Is she any better taday?用于不可数名词a little ,虽少，但有一点 little不多，没有什么2. few, a few, little, a little用法用于可数名词表示肯定概念a few虽少，但有几个表示否定概念few不多，几乎没有1）、它们在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。Few of us have been to Beijing.I know little about the book.There is a little water in thia bottle.He has few friends.

26、2）、a little和little也可以用彳乍副词,a little表示“有点，稍微” ,little表示“很少”I'm a little hungry.（修饰形容词 hungry）Let him sleep a little.（修饰动词 sleep）Mary, go a little faster, please.（修饰副词比较级） She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, others, the others, another,other某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面需跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的。o

27、thers其它。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西。 常用于"someothers”结构。 the other两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指。常用于" onethe other”结构。 the others其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部。The other +单数或复数名词 表示在一定范围内的另一个或几个，特指。another另一个（指多个中的任何一个）可单独用，也可接单数名词，还可接名词 复数，表示另几个，再几个。Where are his other books?Some are red,and others are black.She has two s

28、isters,one is a nurse ,the other is a teacher.Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.Would you have another cup of tea?You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?Show me another one,please?I'm still hungry after I've had

29、 this cake. Please give me another.4. every 与 eacheach每一个，强调个别情况。主、宾、定、状，可单独使用，可做代名词、形容词、用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物。every每一个，强调整体，“每个都” “人人都”，只作定语，不可单独使用，仅作形容 词，用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物。The teacher gave a toy to each child.Each ball has a different colour.（定）I gave each an apple when they came.（宾）当我们说each child, each

30、 student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当 我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近,表小他们都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.1）、 只能说 each of , 不能说 every of ,every one = eachEach of the

31、rooms can hold twenty people.（主）2）、each every作定语时，后加单数名词；each作主语时谓语动词用单数。Each student has a book.Every student has a book.3）表达“每几个"，只能用everyEvery four days 每四天Every other day 每隔一天Every few metres 每隔几米5. all,both,none,either,neither 的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句 中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。

32、both两个人或事物，对两者的肯定none三者或三者以上都不，是all的全部否定式，后不直接接名词，需加of再加名词,动词可单可复。either对两者之一的肯定，neither对两者的否定，是 both的全部否定式作主语 All of us like Mr Pope. = We all like Mr Pope.（ 作同位语）Either （ of the books） will do .Neither （of the books）is correct. Neither of us enjoy getting up early.Both of you are right.作宾语 I will

33、take both of them with me.You make take either with you.I agree with neither of you.I have forgotten all about it.作定语 Both seats are taken.You may take either road. There are trees on either side （=on both sides）. Neither seat is taken.All students like the film.1）、作主语时，all,both后的谓语动词用复数，neither,eit

34、her后的谓语动词用单数。2）、bothall还可以做主语和宾语的同位语You and I are both correct.The food is not enough for us all.作同位语时的位置：A、在be后B、在实义动词前C、在第一个动词后3）作定语时，either neither后面加单数名词，both只能和复数名词连用，而 all可以和 单数或不可数名词搭配。There are trees on both sides of the road.He has lived here all his life.He has spent all the money on the b

35、ooks.4）all作主语表示“整个事物”时，动词用单数All the water has been used up.（作主语）All I know is that he knew this.5）both,all加否定是部分否定，如果要表示全部否定，分别用 neither ,none.Both of us are not teachers.并不是我俩都教书。（部分否定）Neither of us is a teacher.（全音 B 否定）All of the books are not Chinese books.这些书中有些不是汉语的。None of the books are Chine

36、se books.这些书中没有一本是汉语的。6）并列连词的使用Either or Either you or I am right.neither nor Neither my sister nor I am right.both and Both he and I know this teacher.6、not用在动词后，组成否定句no = not any ,not a在句中只能用作定语，修饰可数及不可数名词。none 是all的反义词，可作主语和宾语，代替不可数名词时动词用单数，代替可数名 词时动词用单数或复数均可。Mike has no sister.There is no water

37、in the well.Jim has no brothers or sisters.He had no money for books.None have （has） arrived yet.None of the stories ia （are） interesting.I ve read none of the books.7、one指代上文提到过的单数名词。ones指代上文提到过的复数名词This book is better than that one.He doesn't want the small apples,he wants the big ones.1）、one可

38、用来泛指任何人，可作宾语、主语，并有所有格one's （作定语）和反身代词oneself（作主语、宾语）。One should do one's （his） duty.如果前句中提到的单数名词是可数的，就多用one来代替，如果该名词是不可数的，就多用that来代替。The population of New York is larger than that of London.8、much只修饰不可数名词，much watermany只修饰可数名词，many books比较：a lot oflots of可接可数名词或不可数名词，但一般只用于肯定句、在疑问句或否定句中，则用 m

39、uch和many。9、复合不定代词由 some ,any , no, every 力口上-body ,-one,-thing 构成。1).在句中作主、宾、表。复合不定代词一般用作单数。Nobody is absent.Do you need anything?Grammer is not everything.2)、复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须放在它们后面。There is nothing wrong with the radio.Is there anything important?Anything else ?3)由some组成的不定代词用于肯定句，由 any合成的不定代词用于否定句

40、，疑问 和条件句，有些疑问句在表示请求、建议和反问时，也可以用some合成的不定代词。4).everyone 每一个人，人人， 大家，单独使用，不可接 of短语。every one 一个人，一件事情。一般要接 of短语。5),由any合成的不定代词，不能在否定句中作主语。如： 不能说：Anybody doesn't go to see the film.而应改成：Nobody goes to see the film.10、all, whole不能直接与复数名词连用，不能直接修饰专有名词。all China = the whole of Chinaall the world =the

41、whole worldall the time = the whole time all the class = the whole classall the way = the whole waythe whole nation, the whole country11、 suchsameI have never seen such a film.Such is our plan.such asHe needs such a book as mine.such . thatHe is such a kind man that everyonf likes him.same;必须和the 连用

42、adj, They left on the same day.Pron, I ' ll do the same as you.12、表本不定量的短语A.以下短语替代或修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数：few , a few quite a few , only a few , several, many, a large (great) number of (许多)a couple of 两三个hundreds of 成百的B、以下短语谓语动词用单数many a +单数名词the number of + 复数名词C.以下短语直接替代或修饰不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 a little lit

43、tle, a bit, less, least, much,not a little 许多 not a bit 一点也没有a bit后一般带of +名词，其它的不定量词只有在接代词或特定范围时用of.the amount of后接物质、钱、数的总量。六.相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other和one another两种形式。1）、作宾语：each other两个人的关系one another两个以上的人之间的相互关系在当代英语中，each other和one another在运用中没有什么区别。Did you know each other at that time?The students often help eac