初中哦现在完成时态讲解及练习.

1、初三语法专项训练 :现在完成时用法小结现在完成时的构成 :助动词 have (has +过去分词 ,1. 表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如:I have just clea ned my clothes 我冈H洗过衣服。( “洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作 ,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了” 现在完成时常用的时间状语有 :already ( 已”经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处never ( 从“不”用于中间处ever ( 曾”经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处just ( 冈“冈”用于中间处yet ( 已“经”用于疑问句的末尾处 / 还“”用于否定句的末尾处现在完成时与一般过去时

2、的用法比较 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较 :The plane has arrived .飞机已经来了。 (说明现在的情况 :飞机在这儿The pla ne arrived a quarter ago飞机是一刻中以前来的。(强调动作发生的时间 在过去I have taught here for fiftee n years我在这儿已经教了十五年。 (表示十五年 前的动作一直延续到现在,还可能会继续。I taught here for a year.我过去在这儿教过一年。(表示 我 现在已经不在这

3、儿 任教了练习:I . 翻译下列句子 :1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗 ?2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗 ?6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 我上星期看过这部电影。8. 在 1992年他住在这里。II . 用过去时或现在完成时填空 :1. “ you (have lunch ? ” “Yes. ”“When you (have it? ” “ I (have it at 12:00.2. “ you (write a letter to your aunt yet?”“ Yes, I . I (write one last

4、 week. ”3. “ he (finish his homework? ” “ Not yet. ”4. “ they ever (be abroad?” “ Yes, just once. ”5. Your father just (finish his work.6. Your father (finish his work just now.7. Last term I (learn many English words.8. They (not read the interesting books yet.9. He never (go to the science museum.

5、10. you ever (drink coke?11. “ you (buy a dictionary? “ “ Yes, I “ Where you (buy it?” “ I (buy it in abookstore. ”“ When you (buy it?” “ Yesterday. ”Since 和 for 的用法 表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有 :for, since, howlong, so far, these days等。Since+过去点的时间,fo叶一段时间(数词+量词，此划线部分用how long提问。一、si nee短语或从句表示过去的动作

6、延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来 ,史密斯先生一直在这工作。He ' s lear ned about 5,000 En glish words since he we nt to colle他上大学以来大 约学了五千 个英语单词。二、for 短语表示动作延续多长时间 , for 的宾语为时间段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years 我们认识有二十年了。I haven ' t seen her for a long ti我好久没

7、有见到她了。练习：用 since 和 for 填空1 two years 2 two years ago 3 last month 4 19995 yesterday 6 4 o' clock 7 4 hours 8 an hour ago 9 we were children10 lunch time 11 she left here1. He has lived in Nanjing the year before last.2. I ' ve known him we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese th

8、ree years.4. She has been away from the city about ten years.5. It ' s about ten years she left the city.2. 短暂性转换延续性 arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.be in sw./at school/athome/on the farm/be here/be there1 He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .2 I moved to the U

9、SA last year.I the USA since .3 I went home yesterday.I home for .4 They came here last week.They here since . come/go back, returnf be back come/go out f be out1 He came out two years ago.He for 2 We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We to Fuzhou since become f be1 I became a teacher in 2000.1 a teacher f

10、or .2 The river became dirty last year.The river dirty for . close f be closed open f be open1 The shop closed two hours ago.The shop for 2 The door opened at six in the morning.The door for six hours. get up f be up die f be dead leave sw. f be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleepf be asleepfinis

11、h/endf be over marry f be married1 I got up two hours ago.1 since .2 He left Fuzhou just now.He Fuzhou for five minutes.3 My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for .4 The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.5 I got to sleep two hours ago.I since .6 They married in 1990.They since . start/

12、begin to do sth.f do sth. begin f be on1 I began to teach at this school in 1995.1 at this school since .2 The film began two minutes ago.The film for . borrow f keep lose f not have buy f have put on f wearcatch/get a coldf have a cold get to knowknow1 They borrowed it last week.They it since .2 I

13、bought a pen two hours ago.I a pen for .3 I got to know him last year.I him since .4 I put on my glasses three years ago.I my glasses for have/has gone to f have been in1 He has gone to Beijing.He Beijing for two days. join the league/the Party/the armyf be a league/a Party member/a soldierf be amem

14、ber of the league/the Partyf be in the league/the Party/the army1 He joined the league in 2002.He a for two years.He a the for twoyears.He the league for two years.2 My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother a for My brother in for twoyears.3. 汉译英1这本字典我已买了三年了。2他离开中国三年了。3我认识他们五年了。4他们已去了美国五年

15、了。5 自从他搬到福州 ,他就住这儿了。6 他们已经结婚 10 年。7 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。8 这会已开了多长时间了 ?9这门已经关了两天了。10我入团 2 年了。I two years ago.I a for two years.I a of for twoyears.I the for two years.11自从 1999 年以来他们就认识。12我来到农场已 5 年了。4. 划线提问1 I have been there for two days. you ?2 My father has lived here since 2000. your father ?3 He lef

16、t here yesterday. he ?4 They bought a book two hours ago. they a book?have bee n in, have bee n t与 have gone to 的用法一、have(has been ir表示 在某地呆多长时间”常与表示一段时间的状语连用,女口:since, for, how long 等。例女口 ：Mr. Brow n has bee n in Shan ghai for three days布 朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配 :have been here (there /at home (schoo

17、l /on the farmhave been here (there / abroad二、have(hasbeen to表示曾经去过某地”现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等 连用,例女口 :l have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall 玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has been to后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have bee n to Beiji ng t

18、hree times 我去过北京三次。They have bee n to that village several times他 们去过那个村庄好几次了。三、have(has gone to意为 到某地去了 ”表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 总之,说 话时该人不在现场 ,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。例如:-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop汤姆在哪里？他到书店去 了。Jack Joh nson has gone to Lon don杰 克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习:I. 用 have(has beer或 have(has gone

19、填空。A: Where Li Fei ?B: He to Hainan Island.A: How long he there?B: He there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I ' m afraid he won 't come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I never there.A: How many times Li Fei to that place?B: He t

20、here only once.II. 用 have/has bee n to/i n, have gone t及 go 的各种形式填空。1 Where is Jack? He his country.2 David the park just now.3 John England since he came back.4 How long have this village?5 The Smiths Be i j i n g for years.6 you ever America? - Yes, I there many times.7 I this school since three y

21、ears ago.8 Where is Jim? He the farm.9 Whenhe ? He an hour ago.10 Would you like to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I there before.11 Where you now? - I the zoo.12 He often swimming.13 you there last year? 14 they often skating in winter?III. 翻译下列句子：1.他已经来中国三年多了。2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.他们出国两个月了。我从来没去过长城。你

22、曾经出过国吗？他已经去图书馆了。他来这儿五年 了。昨天他去了公园。“你要去哪里？” 我“要去学校。”他常常去游泳。综合练 习：I.用 n ever, ever, already, yet, for, sin ce填空 1.1 havesee n him before, so Ihave no idea about him. 2. Jack has finished his homework an hourago. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years. 4.“Have you seen the film? ” “No, I have seen it. ” 5. “Has the bus left ?”hasleft.翻译下列句子：1.他们已经打扫了教室吗？2. 3.我们已经认识有二十年了。打那以后，她一直住在这。 4. 你“曾经到过那里吗？” 不“，我 从来没到过那里。” III用适当的时态填空：1.She' s(live here eversince she was ten. 2.Bo