神经外科英文词汇

1、一、神经系统解剖生理单词音标diaphragma sallae ?da?fr?ms :ldorsal thalamus ?d?:rsl '?l ?m?sbrachial plexus'bre?k?rl?pl ?ks?slimbic system'l?mb?k's?st ?mlimbic lobe'l?mb?klob fasciculus gracilisf ?'s ?kj ?l ?s'gr?s ?l ?sgracicle nucleus'gr?s?l'nju?kl ?slateral ventricle'l?t?r

2、 ?l?v?ntr?k?lterochlear nucleus'tr?kl ?rulnar nerve' ?ln ?n?:rvcerebrums ?ri:br?mCerebal arterials ?'ribr?lcircle r ?t ?ri ?l?s?:rklposteriorp :?st ?ri?cerebral arterys ?ri:br?l?:rt?riinternal ?n?t ?:rnlvencerebral veinscerebral cortex ?k?:rteks.释义鞍膈背侧丘脑臂丛边缘系统边缘叶薄束薄束核侧脑室车神经核尺神经大脑，脑组织大脑动脉

3、环大脑后动脉大脑内静脉大脑皮质;.anterior?n ?t ?ri ?(r)大脑前动脉cerebral arterycerebrocerebellum'ser ?bro ?ser ?'bel ?m大脑小脑middle cerebral artery?midl大脑中动脉insula' ?nsj ?l ?岛叶subthalamuss ?b' ?le ?m?s底丘脑sacral plexus'se ?kr ?l?pl ?ks?s骶丛third ventricle ?v?ntr?k?l第三脑室fourth ventricle第四脑室ectospinal tra

4、cttek't?spnltr?kt顶盖脊髓束pretectal areapri:'tekt?l顶盖前区parietal lobep ?'ra?t ?llo ?b顶叶oculomotor nucleus ?kj ?l ?'mo?t ?动眼神经accessory nucleusof ?k ?s?s?ri动眼神经副核oculomotor ?kj ?l ?'mo?t ?oculomotor nucleus动眼神经核lentiform nucleus'lent?f ?:m豆状核telencephalon ?telen'sef?l ?n端脑front

5、al lobe ?fr ?ntl:额叶parasympathetic nerve ?p?r ?s?mp?' et ?k副交感神经accessory nerve?k ?s?s?ri副神经accessory nueleus副神经核;.radiculomedullaryr?d ?kj ?l ?m?d' ?l ?r ?根髓动脉femoral nerve'fem ?r ?l股神经chorda tympani'k ?:d ?'t ?mp?n?鼓索hippocampal formation ?h?p?'k?mp?l海马结构parahippocampal gyr

6、usp :r :?'po ?k?mp?l海马旁回'd ?a?r ?scavernous sinus ?k?v?rn ?s ?sa?n?s海绵窦Substantia nigras ?b'st?n ?r 'n ?gr?黑质Red nucleus红核Rubrospinal tractrju:b'r ?spnltr?kt红核脊髓束Posteriorp :?st?ri?后交通动脉communicating arterymetathalamus ?met?' ?l ?m?s后丘脑Posterior funiculusfju:'n ?kj?l?s后索T

7、rochlear nerve'tr ?kl ?r滑车神经Basilar sinus'b?s ?l ? ?sa?n?s基底窦Basilar artery基底动脉Basal nuclei?bes?l, -z ?l基底核Spinal nerve?spa?n?l脊神经Posterior脊髓后动脉Spinal arteryAnterior Spinal artery脊髓前动脉;.Spinothalamic tractspa ?n?'l?mi:k脊髓丘脑束spinocerebellumspa?no?s?r'bel ?m脊髓小脑Posteriorspa?no?s?r'

8、bel ?脊髓小脑后束spinocerebellar tractAnterior脊髓小脑前束spinocerebellar tractdiencephalon?da?en'sef ?l?n间脑Sympathetic trunk ?s?mp?t ?ktr ?k交感干Sympathetic nerve交感神经Cervical plexus ?s?:rv ?kl颈丛Interinalk?'r?t?d颈内动脉carotid arteryCervical enlargement ?n?l :rd ?m?nt颈膨大Tibial nerve't ?b?rl胫神经paleocerebe

9、llunpe?'li:o?ser?'bel?m旧小脑Commissural fibersk ?'m?r ?l 'fa?b?连合纤维Association fibers?so?i?e?n联络纤维Cauda equina'ka?d?马尾Vagus nerve've?g?s迷走神经Dorsal nucleus of Vagus?d?:rsl迷走神经背核nerveFacial nerve?fe?l面神经;.nucleusof Facial nerve面神经核Brain stembrenst ?m脑干Reticular formation ofr?'

10、;t?kj?l?f?:r?me?n脑干网状结构the brain stemCerebral?spa ?n?l?flu?d脑脊液spinal fluid (CSF)Meningeal sinusm?'n?nd?rl?sa?n?s脑膜窦ponspnz脑桥Cerebral?'r? kn?d脑蛛网膜arachnoid materMedial lemniscus?mi:di?llem'n ?sk?s内侧丘系Medial geniculate bodyd?'n?kj?l?t内侧膝状体Mediallongitudinal?l :nd?tu:dnlf?'s?kj?l 内

11、侧纵束fasciculus?sInternal capsule?k? psul内囊Visceral motor nerve?v?s?r?l?mo?t?(r)内脏运动神经Temporal lobe?temp ?r?l额叶Corticonuclear tractk?:t?k?nu:kli ?(r)皮质核束Corticospinal tractk?:t?'k?sp?nl皮质脊髓束Corpus callosum?k?:rp?sk :'lo ?s?m胼胝体claustrum'kl?:str?m屏状核Anterior funiculusfju:'n ?kj?l?s前索;.V

12、estibular nerveves't ?bj?l?前庭神经Vestibulospinal tractvest?bj?lo?'spa?n?l前庭脊髓束Vestibular nuclei前庭神经核Vestibulocochlear'vest ?bj?lo?ko?kl?r?r前庭蜗神经nerveVestibulocerebellumvest?bj?lo?s?r'bel ?m前庭小脑Commissure of fornix'k?m?r'f ?:n?ks穹窿连和thalamus' ? l?m?s丘脑Radial nerve?redi ?l桡神经

13、Flocculonodular lobefl?kj?lo?'n?dj?l?(r)绒球小结叶Pia mater?pa?, ?pi?软脑膜Trigeminal lemniscustra?'d?em?nl三叉丘系lem'n ?sk?sTrigeminal nerve三叉神经Motor nucleus?mo?t?(r)三叉神经运动核of Trigeminal nerveMesencephalic nucleusmesens 'f? l?k三叉神经中脑核of Trigeminal nerveSuperior olivary'?l?ver?上橄榄核nucleusMa

14、xillary nervem? k's?l?r?上颌神经epithalamusep?'? l?m?s上丘脑;.Ascending reticular?s?nd?r?'t?kj?l?上行网状激动系统activating system ，ARAS? kt?vetHypoglossal nerve?ha?p?'gl ?s?l舌下神经Hypoglossal nucleus舌下神经核Glossopharyngeal nerve?gl?so?f?'r?nd?rl舌咽神经Optic chiasma?:pt?kka '? zm?视交叉Supraoptic nuc

15、leussju:pr ?'?pt?k视上核Optic nerve视神经Paraventricular nucleusp:r?vent'r ?kj?l?视旁核Pineal bodypa?ni:?l松果体Projection fiberspr?d?k?n投射纤维Lateral lemniscus?l? t?r?l外侧丘系Lateral funiculusfju:'n ?kj?l?s外侧索Lateral geniculate bodyd?'n?kj?l?t外侧膝状体Reticulospinal tractr?'t?kj?l?spa?n?l网状脊髓束Caudat

16、e nucleus'k?:de?t尾状核Corpus striatum?k?:rp?sstr' ?e?t?m纹状体Cochlear nerve'k?kl?r蜗神经Cochlear nuclei蜗神经核Infeiior olivary nucleus?n?f?ri?(r)' ?l?ver?下橄榄核Mandibular nervem? n'd?bj?l?下颌神经hypothalamus?ha?po ? l?m?s下丘脑;.cerebellumser?'bel ?小脑Cerebellar hemisphere?ser?'bel ?m?hem?s

17、f?r小脑半球Tonsil of cerebellum?t:nsl小脑扁桃体Cerebellar nuclei小脑核Cerebellar cortex?k?:rteks小脑皮质vermis'v?:m?s小脑蚓Fasciculus cuneatusf?'s?kj?l?s楔束Cuneate nucleus'kju:n ?t楔束核neocerebellum'ni?,ser?'bel ?m新小脑Amygdaloid body?'m?gd?l?d杏仁体Olfactory brain:l?f? kt?ri嗅脑Olfactory nerve嗅神经Medulla

18、 oblongatam?'d?l?bl?':t?延髓Ophthalmic nerve眼神经Lumbar plexus?l?mb?(r)?pl?ks?s腰丛Lunbosacral'l?mbo ?se?kr?l腰骶膨大enlargementAxillary nerve? ks?l?r?腋神经Saphenous nerves?'fi:n ?s隐神经Cerebral dura mater'dj?r?硬脑膜archicerebellum?:rk?ser?'bel ?m原小脑Abducent nerve? b'dju:s ?nt展神经;.Abduce

19、ns nucleus? b'dju:s ?nz展神经核Occipital lobe?k's?p?t?l枕叶Median nerve正中神经mesencephalon?mesen'sef ?l?n中脑Central canal?s?ntr?lk?n? l中央管Postcentral gyruspo?st'sentr ?l'd ?a?r?s中央后回Precentral gyrusp'r?sentr ?l中央前回Vertebral artery?v?:tibr?l椎动脉Pyramidal tract'p?r?m?dl锥体束Autonomic b

20、erve?:t?'n?m?k自主神经Sciatic nervesa? t?k坐骨神经二、脑水肿、脑疝、脑死亡brain edema ?'di:m?脑水肿Intracranial pressure， ?ntr ?'kre ?n?rl颅内压ICP ?pr ?ionic brain edemaa ?:n ?k离子性脑水肿Hydrocephalicha ?dro ?se'f?l ?k脑积水性脑水肿brain edemaBrain hernia ?h?:rni?脑疝Cerebral deathd ?脑死亡Ischemic ?s'ki:m?k缺血性脑水肿cerebr

21、al edema;.Osmotic brain edema ?z'm?t ?k渗透压性脑水肿papilledemap?p ?l ?'di:m?视乳头水肿Water channel protein， ?pro ?ti:n水通道蛋白aquaporin ， AQP'?kw ?p?r ?nCytotoxic brain edemasa ?t ?'t ?ks?k细胞毒性脑水中Vasogenic brain edema血管源性脑水肿Subfalcial herniations ?b'f?s ?rl大脑镰下疝 ?h?:n ?'e ?nTranstentoria

22、l小脑幕切迹疝herniationUpward Transtentorial ?pw?rd小脑幕切迹上升疝herniation三、神经系统查体Proprioceptive ?pro ?pr ?r'sept?v本体感觉sensationss?n?se?nPatellar clonusp ?'tel ?'kl?n?s髌阵挛Brudzinski sign布鲁金斯基征gaits et步态Tactile ?t?ktl触觉Cluster headache ，CH ?kl ?st ? ?h?d?ek丛集性头痛Hemicrania ?hem?'kre ?n?r偏头痛Hemicr

23、ania simplex's ?mpleks单纯性偏头痛;.Hemicrania epilepsia'ep?leps ?r癫痫性偏头痛orientation ?:ri?n?te ?n定向力Light reflexes ?ri ?fl ?ks对光反射Sweat testsw?t发汗试验Episodic ?ep?s:d ?k ?t ?n?n发作性紧张性头痛tension headachereflexes ?ri ?fl ?ks反射Beat-back testbit反击征试验Near reactionn ?r辐辏反射Combined sensationk ?m?ba?nds ?n?s

24、e?n复合感觉Abdominal reflex?b ?d:m?nl腹壁反射Sensory conduction ?s?ns?rik?n?d?k?n感觉神经传导速度Velocity ，SCVv ?l :s ?tiSensory system感觉系统Sensory aura ?r ?感觉先兆Gait of sensory ?t?ksi ?感觉性共济失调性步态ataxiasensory aphasia ?fe ?感觉性失语Anal reflex'enl肛门反射Gowers maneuverm?nuv?, -?nju-高娃试验Achilles reflex ?k?liz跟反射;.Heel-to

25、-shin testhil ?n跟膝胫反射Biceps reflex ?ba?s?ps肱二头肌反射Triceps reflex ?tra ?s?ps肱三头肌反射ataxia ?t?ksi?共济失调Ataxic gaits ?'t?ks?k共济失调步态coordinationko ?:rd ?ne?n共济运动dysarthriad ?s' :ri:?构音障碍Ankle clonus ?k?l踝阵挛Circumduction gait ?s?k?m'd?k?n环行步态coma ?ko?m?昏迷stupor ?stu:p ?(r)昏睡状态Marital history &am

26、p; ?m?r?tl?m?nstru ?l婚育史与月经史Menstrual historyDystrophic gaitd ?'stro?f ?k肌营养不良步态Muscle tone ?m?s?lto?n肌张力Basilar artery基底动脉偏头痛migraineImmediate recall ?midi ?tr?k?l即刻记忆calculation?k?lkj?le?n计算力memory?m?m?ri记忆力History of past illness?ln?s既往史Secondary headache?sek ?nderi继发性头痛;.Familial hemiplegicf

27、?m?lj?lhe'm ?pli:d?k家族性偏瘫性偏头痛Migraine ，FHM?ma?gre?nConsensual lightk?n'sen ?rl间接对光反射reflexScissors gait?s?z?rz剪刀步态Corneal reflex'k?:n?rl角膜反射Tension headache?t?n?n紧张性头痛Recent memory?ris?nt近记忆Neck-tongue syndromen?kt?颈 - 舌综合征Spastic gaits?sp? st?k痉挛步态Resting tremors'rest ?tr?m?静止性震颤Spa

28、stic paralysisp?r? l?s?s痉挛性瘫痪Giant cell arteritis?d?a?nt':t?ra?t?s巨细胞动脉炎Kernig sign克尼格征Steppage gait?st :p?d?跨阈步态Supraorbital neuralgia?su:pr ?'?:b?t?l眶上神经痛n?r? ld?Cortical spreadingd?pr?n扩散性大脑皮质抑制depressionBenign paroxysmalb?na ?n?p? r?k's?zm?l良性发作性眩晕vertigo?v?:rt?go?Two-pointd?skr?m?ne

29、?n两点辨别觉;.discriminationRomberg sign罗姆伯格征Twilight state?twa ?la?t朦胧状态Nominal aphasia?n:m?nl命名性失语Meningeal irritationm?'n?nd?rl?r?te?n脑膜刺激征Cerebrovascular?ser?bro?'v? skj?l?脑血管病diseaseTorsion spasm?t?:r?n?sp? z?m扭转痉挛Snout reflexsna?t努嘴反射dermatographiad?:m?t?'gr? f?r皮肤划痕症hemiballismushem b?

30、 'l?zm?s偏身投掷Migraine equivalent?kw?v?l?nt偏头痛等位症syndromesSuperficial reflex?su:p ?r?f?l浅反射Superficial sensation浅感觉Grasp reflexgr? sp强握反射Tactile sensation?t? ktl轻触觉Decerebrate rigiditydi:'ser ?bre ?tr?d?d?ti去皮质强直Brachiradialis reflexbre?t?r're?d?rl?s桡骨膜反射Deep reflex深反射Deep sensation深感觉Phys

31、iological reflexes?f?zi?ld?k?l生理反射;.baragnosisb? r? n'o?s?s失辩重能dyslexiad?s?l?ksi?失读症Agraphia?'r? f?r失写症stereognosis?ster ?g'no ?s?s实体觉astereognosis? s'teri:o ?no?s?s实体觉缺失Visualaura?v?u?l?r?视觉先兆Visualacuity?kju?ti视敏度Visualfieldsfild视野somnolence's:mn?l?ns嗜睡状态athetosis?'eeto?s?s

32、手足徐动Pilomotor responsepa?lo?'mo ?t?r?sp:ns竖毛反应Accommodation reflex?k:m?de?n调节反射Cremasteric reflexk'rem :st?r?k提睾反射Postural tests?p:st?r?l体位性试验mydriasism?'dra?s?s瞳孔散大mioticma?'?t?k瞳孔缩小Painful?penf ?l痛性眼肌麻痹ophthalmoplegia?f? ? lm?'pli:d ?rheadache头痛dizziness?d?z?n?s头晕graphesthesiar:fes'e i:z?r图形觉graphanesthesiar? fe ?'nesi:z?r图形觉缺失;.Temperature sensation?tempr?t?(r)温度觉Migraine without aura，无先兆偏头痛MOChoreic movementsk?:'ri:?k'mu:vm ?nts舞蹈样运动Suck reflexs?k吸吮反射Patellar reflex