《英国文学史及选读》

1、.英国文学史及选读第一册复习要点1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements（此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3.“ Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” : a famous roman about King Arthur s story4. Ballad （名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: fo

2、under of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet ( 名词解释 )8. Renaissance（名词解释） 9.Thomas More Utopia10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser“ The Faerie Qu

3、eene”13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies ”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）14. William Shakespeare 四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉， 当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。 他的 sonnet 也很重要， 最重要属 sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读）15.John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Para

4、dise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes 。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse 写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme 和 Satan 的形象。16.John Bunyan The Pilgrim s Progress17. Founder of the Metaphysical school John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images.18. Enlightenment

5、 （名词解释）19. Neoclassicism （名词解释）20. Richard Steele“ The Tatler ”21. Joseph Addison “ The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。22. Steel s and Addison s styles and their contributions23. AlexanderPope:“ Essayon Criticism”“,Essayon Man” , “ TheRape of Lock ” ,“

6、TheDunciad”his;workmanship (features) and limitations24. Jonathan Swift: “ Gulliver s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver 游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“ A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th centu

7、ry English literature.26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe ” , “Moll Flanders ”, 当然是 Robinson Crusoe 比较重要，剧情要清楚， Robinson Crusoe 的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意 Defoe 的style 和 feature，另外 Defoe 是 forerunner of English realistic novel 。27.Samuel Richardson“ Pamela ” (first epistolary novel),“ Clarissa

8、Harlowe” , “ Sir Charles Gr28.Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews” , “ Jonathan Wild ” , “ Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding 也被称为 father of the English novel.29.Laurence Sterne“ Tristram Shandy ”项狄传30.Richard Sheridan “ The School for Scandal”31.Oliver Goldsmith “ TheTraveller” (poem),“

9、TheDeserted Village”(poem) (both twopoems were.written by heroic couplet),“ The Vicar of WakefieldConquer ” (comedy),“ The Citizen of the World” (novel),-Natured Man“ The” (cGomedy),od (collection of essays)“ Shetostoops32. Sentimentalism （名词解释）33. Thomas Gray “ Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

10、 ”（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首” ） (a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets 墓园派诗人 )* Graveyard School / Poets ” : A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range fro

11、m elegiac pensiveness to profoundgloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Gray s “ Elegy written incountry churchyard” . The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the secondpart of the century and also influenced some Ameri

12、can poets.34. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.35. Thomas Percy “ Reliques of Ancient English poetry ”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。36. WilliamBlake 比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特别是Songs of Innocence 和SongsExperience, 这两本集子的co

13、ntrast 一定要注意， 另外 Blake 的写作特点也要注意，比如语言的简单明了，of神秘主义氛围等。37. Robert Burns 伟大的苏格兰民族诗人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名诗，写作特点 : Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads; musical quality of his poems.英国文学史及选读第二册练

14、习题I. 浪漫主义时期I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets.1. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun with_in 1798.A. the publication of Lyrical BalladsB. the death of Sir Sc

15、ottC. the birth of William WordsworthD. the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament 2. The Romantic Period is first of all an age of_.3. Romanticism does not emphasize_.A. the special qualities of each individual s mindB. the inner world of the human spiritC. individualityD. the features

16、that men have in common4._ is not a Romantic poet.A. William BlakeB. Sir ScottC. P. B. ShelleyD. Lord Byron5._ is a Romantic novelist but is impressed with neo-classic strains.A. Walter ScottB. Mary ShelleyC. Jane AustenD. Ann Radcliff6._ is not characteristic of William Blake s writing.A. plain and

17、 direct languageB. compression of meaningC. supernatural qualityD. symbolism7.Wordsworth published Lyrical Ballads in 1789 with _.A. ByronB. ColeridgeC. ShelleyD. Keats8.Wordsworth thinks that _ is the only subject of literary interest.A. the life of rising bourgeoisieB. aristocratic lifeC. the life

18、 of the royal familyD. common life9. Don Juan is the masterpiece of_.A. Lord Byron sB. P. B. ShelleysC. John Keats sD. Samuel Coleridges10. _ is not a novel written by Jane Austen.A. Jane EyreB. Sense and SensibilityC. Pride and PrejudiceD. EmmaII. Complete each of the following statements with a pr

19、oper word or a phrase according to the textbook.1. In essence, Romanticism designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the_as the very center of all life and all experience.2. For the Romantics, _ is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant su

20、bject matter.3. Wordsworth is regarded as a“ worshipper of _.”4. According to the subjects, Wordsworth s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about natureand poems about _.5. Coleridge achievements as poet can be divided into two remarkably diverse groups: _ and the conversational.6.

21、As a leading Romanticist, Byron s chief contribution is his creation of the“ _. ”7.“ _ ” is Shelley s representative work.8._ are generally regarded as Keats s most important and mature work.9.“ Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is a famous line in Keats s“ _. ”10. _is the most delightful of Jane Auste

22、n s work.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.()1. The Romantic period is also a great age of prose.()2. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending their own literary heritage against the advocates ofclassical rules.()3. Coleri

23、dge has been rewarded as Poet Laureate.()4. Keats is one of the“ Lake Poets. ”()5. Jane Austen is a typical Romantic writer.IV. Name the author of each of the following literary work.1.“ The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”2. Songs of Innocence3.“ Ode to a Nightingale”4.“ A Song: Men of England”5. The P

24、reludeV. Define the literary terms listed below.1. Romanticism2. OdeVI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work from which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1.Be through my lips to unawakened Earth.The trumpet of a prophec

25、y! O, Wind,2. For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.Keys:I. 1.A2.B3.D4.B5.C6.C 7.B8.D9.A10.AII.1.individual2. human life3.nature4.human life5.the

26、 demonic6.Byronic hero7. Ode to the West Wind8. The odes9. Ode on a Grecian Urn10.Pride and PrejudiceIII. 1.T2.T3.F4.F5.FIV. 1.Coleridge2. Blake3. Keats4. Shelley5. WordsworthV. 1. Romanticismis a movement that flourishedin literature, philosophy, music and art in western cultureduring most of the n

27、ineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. There have been many varieties of Romanticism in many different times and places. The leading features of Romantic movements are Wordsworth, Shelley, etc.2. Ode is a complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style

28、 on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honour a person or a season or to commemorate an event.VI. 1. It is taken from Shelley s Ode to the West Wind. In this poem, Shelley eulogizes the powerful west windand expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless

29、 freedom from the reality. In these last lines, the poet shows hisoptimistic spirit for the future.2. It is taken from Wordsworth s “ I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.” The poet thinks that it is a bliss to rthe beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude. He expresses his strong affecting for

30、nature in the poem.II. 维多利亚时期I. Each of the statement below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets1. The Victorian period roughly began at the enthronement of Queen Victoria in_.2. The critical realists like C

31、harles Dickens in the Victorian period wrote novels_.A. representing the 18th century realist novelB. criticizing the societyC. defending the mass3. _is not a Victoria novelist.A. Charles DickensB. George Eliot.C. William Makepeace ThackerayD. D. H. Lawrence4._ is not a work by Charles Dickens.A. Ol

32、iver TwistB. David CopperfieldC. MiddlemarchD. A Tale of Two Cities5.Wuthering Heights is a masterpiece written by_.A. Charlotte BronteB. Emily BronteC. Anne BronteD. Branwell Bronte6. _ is not Thomas Hardy s work. A. The Mill on the FlossB. Tess of the D UrbervillesC. Jude the ObscureD. The Mayor o

33、f Casterbridge7.“ My Last Duchess” is _.A. a dramatic monologueB. a short lyricC. a novelD. an essay8. Tennyson s “ Ulysses ” gets its inspiration from the following works or writers except_.A. Homer s OdesseyB. Joyce s UlyssesC. DanteD. Greek Mythology9. In the 19th century English literature, a ne

34、w literary trend _ appeared. And it flourished in the 1840s and in the early 1950s.A. romanticismB. naturalismC. realismD. critical realism10. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was taken from_.A.The Pilgrim s ProgressB.Childe Harold s PilgrimageC. Gulliver s TravelsD. The Canterbury TalesII. Comple

35、te each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook 1. The aestheticists such as Oscar Wilde in the Victorian period advocated the theory of“ _2. In the Victorian period, _became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressiv

36、e thought.3. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest _ writers of the Victorian Age.4. Tennyson s poem “ _ ” is in memory of his bosomfriend Arthur Hallam.5. Robert Browning is famous for his _.6. George Eliot s _ is one of the most mature works in English literature.7.Tennyson s famous dramatic mono

37、logue based on the story in Greek Mythology is“ _. ”8. _ is Dickens firstchild hero.9. Jane Eyre represents those_-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.10. The most important poet of the Victorian Age was_. Next to him were Robert

38、 Browning and his wife.III. Decide whether the following statements are true of false and write your answers in the brackets.()1.The Victorian period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.()2.Tennyson is famous for his aesthetic viewpoint of“ art for art s sa

39、ke. ”.()3. Wuthering Heights is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte s.() 4. Browning “s Meeting at Night ”and “ Partingat Morning ”were originallyone poem in dramaticmonologue.()5. Naturalism has played an important part in Thomas Hardy s work.IV. Name the author of each of the following literary wo

40、rks.1. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club2. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall3. In Memoriam4. The Mill on the Floss5. The Return of the Native1. Dramatic Monologue2. Critical RealismVI. For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author and the title of the literary work fr

41、om which it is taken and then briefly interpret it.1. That same evening the gentleman in the white waistcoat most positively and decidedly affirmed, not only that Oliver would be hung, but that he would be drawn and quartered into the bargain. Mr. Bumble shoot his head with gloomy mystery, and said

42、he wished he might come to good; where unto Mr. Gamfield replied, that he wished he might come to him-which, although he agreed with the beadle in most matters, would seem to be awish of a totally opposite description.The next morning, the public were once more informed that Oliver Twist was again T

43、o Let, and that five pounds would be paid to anybody who would take possession of him.2. Thus, neither having the clue to the other s secret, they were respectively puzzled at what each revealedawaited new knowledge of eac h other s character and moods without attempting to pry into each otherEvery

44、day, every hour, brought to him one more little stroke of her nature, and to her one more of his. Tess wastrying to lead a repressed life, but she little divined the strength of her own vitality.Keys:I.1.B2.D3.D4.C5.B6.A7.A8.B9.D10.AII. 1. art for art s sake 2. the novel3. critical realist4. Break,

45、Break, Break5. dramatic monologue6. Middlemarch7. Ulysses8. Oliver Twist9. middle10. TennysonIII.1.T2.F3.F4.F5.TIV. 1. Charles Dickens2. Anne Bronte3. Alfred Tennyson4. George Eliot5. Thomas HardyV. 1. Dramatic Monologue is a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listen

46、erswhose replies are not given in the poem. The occasion is usually a crucial one In the speakeras the incident that is the subjects of the poem. An example of a dramatic monologue is“ My Last DuchessRobert Browning.”by s2. Critical Realism is a literary movement in the 19th century. It sticks to th

47、e principal of faithful representation of the 18th century realistic novel and carries its duty forward to the criticism of the society and the.defense of the mass. The representative figures are Dickens, the Bronte s, etc.VI. 1. It is taken from Charles Dickens s Oliver Twist. This part describes h

48、ow Oliver is punished for askingfor more to eat and how he is therefore sold at three pound ten to a notorious chimney-sweeper. It reveals that thepitiable state of the orphan boy and the cruelty and hypocrisy of the workhouse board.2. It is taken from Thomas Hardy s Tess of the D Urbervilles. This

49、part describes how Tessherforgets aboutpast misfortune in the beautiful, pastoral dairy farm and unconsciously gives herself up to the attraction of AngelClare.III.现代时期I. Each of the statement below is followedby four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement and put

50、the letter in the brackets1. Modernism takes_as its theoretical base.A. the irrational philosophyB. the theory of psycho-analysisC. both A and BD. neither A nor B2. Modernism rose out of_.A. skepticismB. disillusion of capitalismC. irrational philosophyD. al the above3. Modernism is, in many aspects

51、, a reaction against_.A .romanticismB. realismC. post-modernismD. all the above4. _is not a movement in the modern period.A.“ the Angry Young Men”B.“ the Beat Generation”C.“ the Lost Generation”D.“ the Theater of the Absurd”5. _ is not a representative figure in applying the technique of“ the stream

52、 of consciousnesswriting.A. D. H. LawrenceB. James JoyceC. Virginia WoolfD. Dorothy Richardson6. Waiting for Godot is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd. It is written by_.A. George Bernard ShawB. Samuel BeckettC. John GalsworthyD. Eugene O Neill7.The Waste Lan

53、d is_ s most important single poem.A. Ezra PoundB. William Butler YeatsC. Alfred TennysonD. T. S. Eliot8._ is not D. H. Lawrence s work.A. Finnegans WakeB. Sons and LoversC. Lady Chatterley s LoverD. The Rain Bow9._ is not James Joyce s novel.A. UlyssesB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC. DublinersD. Finnegans Wake10. “ The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” is written by_.A.