第六讲 形容词副词

1、专题六 形容词中考对形容词和副词的考查热点一般集中在对它们的原级、比较级和最高级的变化及用法上。命题形式往往是在一句话中空出形容词或副词，让考生根据句子的意义和结构确定空白处应用形容词还是副词，或者应用原级、比较级还是最高级。具体内容如下：1形容词、副词的各种用法。2形容词、副词的比较等级。3各种表示比较的句型。4形容词、副词构成的一些重要短语及句型，动词与副词搭配构成的短语。考点知识精讲：知识网络修饰形容词、副词形容词和副词副词的用法表示频度的副词修饰动词形容词的用法：作定语、作表语形容词和副词 单音节词 形容词、副词比较等级的构成多音节词 不规则变化 形容词、as原级as 副词的原级noa

2、s/so原级as 形容词、比较级than 副词的形容词、比较级中的the 比较等级副词的比较级and比较级比较级the比较级，the另一比较级可修饰比较级的词最高级用法 形容词、副词 比较级与最高级间的转化 的最高级 可修饰最高级的词考 点一 形容词1形容词用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征，在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。 宾补) 当你做眼保健操时，必须保持你的眼睛是紧闭着的。 定语)海底有许多色彩斑斓的珊瑚礁。 表语)妈妈收到我们的礼物时很高兴。2形容词作定语时，一般要放在被修饰的名词前，不定代词或副词后。 这个男孩已足够大能去上学了。 他有一些有趣的事告诉他妈妈。3基数词可与名词(用连

3、字符相连)构成复合形容词，用作定语。这时名词总用单数，而且这个复合形容词总是放在被修饰的名词前，常表示时间、度量等。如：a 5-year-old girl4有些形容词只能用作表语，不能作定语。这类形容词主要有afraid，alone，asleep，alive，awake，ill等。5有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如：friendly，lively，silly，lovely等。6以-ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以-ed结尾的形容词通常修饰人。如：interesting(有趣的)，interested(感兴趣的)等。7“the形容词”表示一类人或物。如：the poor等。8一些表示情

4、感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式。glad，happy，pleasedsorry，sad，sure，keenbeready，afraid，ableeasy，difficult to do sth9常见形容词的近义词归类。Huge-largebig，gladhappy/pleased，cleverbright-smart，dearexpensive，brokenworn out，harddifficult，finewell，illsick，nicekind/fine/good/beautiful， alonelonely10常见形容词的反义词归类。badgood，big/large/hugesma

5、ll，blackwhite，busyfree，coldhot，coolwarm，deadliving/alive，drywet，emptyfull，fastslow，highlow，illwell，littlemuch，openclosed，samedifferent，safedangerous，southernnorthern，lessmore，leastmost, worsebetter, worstbest, cheapdear/expensive,easyhard/difficult，possibleimpossible， happyunhappy/sad，earlylate新的new

6、旧的 old 老的young年轻的 容易的easy难的 hard 硬的soft软的 健康的well病了 ill 坏了good好了 错的wrong对的 right 右边的left左边的 长的long短的 short 矮的tall高的 胖的fat瘦的 thin 薄的thick厚的 重的heavy轻的 light 亮的、浅色的dark黑暗的、深色的12.形容词原级用法(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。 墙上的图片很漂亮。(2)有表示绝对概念的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时用形容词原级。The man is very tall. 这个人很高。(3)表

7、示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。肯定句中的结构：“A.as形容词原级asB”English is as important as Chinese.英语和语文一样重要。否定句中的结构：“A.notas/so形容词原级asB”I am not so fast as lucy.我没有露西快。表示“A是B的倍”时，用“A.倍数as形容词原级asB”结构。 (两倍：t wice；三倍以上：数字times)Our school is three times as big as his. 我们学校是他学校的三倍。This table is twice as long as that one.

8、 这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。“half as形容词原级as”表示“是的一半”。His apples are half as many as his sister's. 他的苹果是他妹妹的一半多。13形容词比较级用法(1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级，其结构为“A.比较级thanB”。The oranges in this bag are bigger than those in that bag.这个包里的橘子比那个包里的橘子大。(2)有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot, much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形

9、容词比较级。It is much hotter in Guangdong than that in Jilin. 广东比吉林热得多。(3)表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更”时，用句型“Which/Who is形容词比较级，A or B？”表示。 Which book is newer，this one or that one?哪本书更新一些，这本还是那本？(4)表示“相差（具体数量）”时，用“数量比较级than”表示。He is two years younger than you. 他比你小两岁。(5)表示“两者之间最一个(of the two)”时，常用“the比较级”结构。Tom is t

10、he taller of the two boys. 汤姆是这两个男孩中最高的一个。(6)表示“越来越”，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级and比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and more形容词原级”。 春天天气变得越来越暖和。 我们的学校变得越来越漂亮了。(7)表示“越就越”时，用“the 比较级，the另一比较级”结构。 我们越聚在一起就越高兴。14形容词最高级用法：(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。He is the youngest in our class.他是我们班年龄最

11、小的。Mary's handwriting is the best of the three girls. 玛丽的字在三个女孩中是最好的。(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“Which/Who isthe最高级，A，B or C？”结构。Who is the oldest，Mary，Nancy or Lily?谁的年龄最大，玛丽，南希还是莉莉？(3)表示“最的之一”时用“one of the形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。The pen is one of the most beautiful pens. 这支钢笔是最漂亮的钢笔之一。(4)形容词最高级

12、前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最”。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 在中国，黄河是第二长河。(5)形容词最高级前面可以用物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用定冠词the。 Tomorrow will be my busiest day. 明天将是我最忙碌的一天。(6)形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。 李雷是班上最高的学生。Li Lei is taller_ than any other student in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。 Li Lei is taller_tha

13、n the other students in his class.李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。 Li Lei is taller_than anyone else in his class.李雷比班上其他任何人都高。15特别注意：(1)-ing形容词与-ed形容词：-ing形容词表示“令人的”，一般修饰或说明事物。如：surprising“令人惊讶的”， 4exciting“令人兴奋的”，interesting“有趣的”等。-ed形容词表示“感到的”，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人，常用于“sb.be-ed形容词介词”结构。如：surprised“感到惊讶的”，excited“感到兴奋的

14、”，interested“感兴趣的”等。如：We are all excited about the exciting news.我们听到这令人兴奋的消息都感到很激动。(2)在同一范围内比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的范围之外。如：China is larger than any_other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。(在同一范围内，只能和其他对象进行比较)。 如：China is larger than any country in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。(在不同范围内，可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较)。考 点二 副 词1副词用来修

15、饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，在句中可以作状语或表语，宾语补足语。 当我不在的时候请不要离开房间。 收音机上说云将会很快散去。注：可以用作表语的副词有：in，out，on，off，up，down，over，around， away。2副词的分类副词一般分为以下几类：(1)时间副词。如：now，often，usually，always，early，then，soon，before，ago等。(2)地点副词。如：here，there，out，above，below，outside，up，down，downstairs 等。(3)方式副词。如：hard，well，badly，fast，slowly

16、，quietly等。(4)程度副词。如：very，much，still，almost，quite，so，too等。(5)疑问副词。如：how，when，why，where等(用于特殊疑问句句首)。(6)关系副词。如：when，where，why (放在引导的定语从句句首)。(7)连接副词。如how，where，why，whether等(放在名词性从句句首,主要是宾语从句)。3副词的位置(1)频度副词，如always，often，sometimes，usually等通常放在动词之前。但在句子里如果有助动词或情态动词，则要放在它们之后。如果有系动词be，也要放在系动词之后。 He usually

17、has lunch in the factory. 他通常在工厂吃午饭。The boy is often late for class. 那个孩子上课经常迟到。(2)enough作形容词修饰名词时，一般放在所修饰的词之前；作副词修饰形容词或副词时，应放在所修饰的词之后。I have enough money to buy the book. 我有足够的钱买下这本书。He's tall enough to get the book down. 他足够高，可以把书取下来。(3)时间副词和地点副词的位置一般放在句尾。如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则把地点副词放在时间副词的前面，也可把时间副词

18、放在句首。They went swimming in the river yesterday.Yesterday they went swimming in the river. 昨天他们去河里游泳了。(4)方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾语之后，如果宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词和宾语之间。Mr father works hard. 我父亲工作努力。Tom speaks Chinese very well. 汤姆的中文说得很好。Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 王先生很认真

19、地给他的朋友们写信。(5)“及物动词副词”组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时，该名词放在副词前或后均可，如是代词作宾语，则必须将该词放在副词前。Can I try on the shoes，please? 我可以试穿这鞋吗？Don't cut it down! 别把它砍倒！(6)程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词前面，放在情态动词和助动词之后。I'm very sad to hear that. 听到这个消息我很难过。(7)副词常与动词搭配成动词短语。及物动词短语take away 拿走 put away把收起来,放好 send away派遣，解雇 move away搬开，挪走 t

20、ake down拿下，取下 write down记下，写下 put down 放下look up查阅 send up发射，把送上去 put up举起，挂起 give up放弃dress up(给)穿上盛装,(给)乔装 ring up(给)打电话 pull up.(from)(从)拉上来 find out发现，查明(真相) wear out穿破，用坏 sell out售完，卖光 try out试用，实验 take out 取出put on 穿上(衣服等)，上演 try on试穿(衣、帽等) hold on(电话用语)不挂断turn on打开，旋开(电灯、无线电等开关) pass on传递turn

21、 off关掉，关上(开关) take off脱下(衣服等)give back还回 get back取回，要回 look over 查看，检查 look around环顾，寻找以上这些动词短语可以带宾语，当宾语为代词时，必须放在中间。不及物动词短语come back回来 come around过来(8)某些副词为了强调上下句的衔接，放在句前。 突然他想出了一个好办法。4副词比较等级用法(1)副词的比较级、最高级的变法和形容词的比较级、最高级变法基本相同。请参见形容词比较等级用法。(2)在两者进行比较“表示A不如B”时，部分双音节和多音节副词除使用“not.as/so副词原级as”结构外，还可使用

22、“less副词原级than”结构。 Bill did his homework less_carefully_than Jim. Bill做作业没有Jim认真。(3)副词最高级前一般不加定冠词the。 林涛的英语最好。5.几个常用副词的用法区别(1)how long/how soon/how often/how farhow long“多久”，是对一个时间段提问，常用“for时间段”和“since时间点”回答。 how soon “多快，多久以后”，用于一般将来时句子中，常用“in时间段”回答。how often “多长时间一次”，对频度提问，常用“once，twice，three times

23、 a week”等回答。 how far “多远”，对距离提问。(2)hard/hardlyhard “努力地，辛苦地”，“剧烈地，猛烈地”是程度副词。hardly “几乎不”，是否定副词。 我几乎看不清黑板上的字。We should learn Chinese hard as a Chinese. 作为中国人，我们应该努力学习汉语。(3)much too/too much/too many（略）(4)too/also/either/as well（too，either 前有逗号）too 一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾；either用于否定句，常放句尾。also常放在be动词或助动词之后，行为动词

24、之前。as well 常放在肯定句尾，前物逗号。(5)too/enough/sotoo “太，很”，用于“too.to.”结构，表示否定意义“太而不能”。enough “足够”，用于“形容词/副词原级enough to.”结构，表示“足够能”。 so “如此”，用于“so.that.”结构，表示“如此以至于”。I'm too tired to go on the work. 我太累了而不能继续工作。The girl is old enough to go to school. 这个女孩足够大能去上学了。The lake is so deep that nobody dare to sw

25、im in it. 这个湖太深了以至于没人敢在里面游泳。(6)already/yet （略）答案例一-例六：BCDBBC1-40:CBBCACBCBD DCBBCCBCDB CADABADCCB CCBCABBDBD中考典例精析：例一：(2010·晋江)The cake is too expensive. Would you like to show me a _ one?Sure. Here you are.Acheap Bcheaper Ccheapest例二：(2010·苏州)I can _ be a nurse.I'm not a very patient

26、person.Aseldom Bever Cnever Dalways例三：(2010·兰州)Dear students, please read every sentence carefully. _ you are, _ mistakes you'll make.AThe more carefully; the fewer BThe more careful; the lessCThe more carefully; the less DThe more careful; the fewer例四：(2010·兰州)Many Chinese students th

27、ink science subjects are _ foreign languages.Amore difficult as Bless difficult thanCmuch difficult than Dso difficult as例五：(2010·山西)It is _ to teach a kid the way to solve a problem than tell him the solution directly.Ahelpful Bmore helpful Cthe most helpful例六：(2010·重庆)Who did English hom

28、ework better, Leo or Nick?Leo was more careful. I think Leo did _ Nick.Aas good as Bas well as Cbetter than Dworse than1(2010·安徽)It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.Right. That's what she likes to do _.Amore Bless Cmost Dleast2(2010·咸宁)Health is money.Bu

29、t I think it is _ money.Aas important as Bmore important thanCso important than Dthe same as3(2010·河北)Sometimes walking is even _ than driving during the busy traffic time.Afast BfasterCslow Dslower4(2010·晋江)Don't worry. My mother will look after your baby _.Thanks a lot.Acareful enoug

30、h Benough careful Ccarefully enough5(2010·安徽)Did you find the small village yesterday?Yes, without any difficulty, for it has _ changed over years.Ahardly BgreatlyCclearly Dnearly6(2010·铜仁)Study hard! _ you study, _ results you'll get.AHarder; better BThe harder; betterCThe harder; the

31、 better DHarder; the better7(2010·苏州)Julia is very clever.In fact，I doubt whether anyone in the class has _ IQ.Aa high Ba higherCthe higher Dthe highest8(2010·兰州)Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike?I'd like to go _.Anowhere interesting Binteresting anywhereCsomewher

32、e interesting Dinteresting somewhere9(2010·广州)Why don't you like winter in Beijing?Because it is _ winter in Guangzhou.Aas cold as Bmuch colder thanCnot so cold as Dnot colder than10(2010·宜昌)How can I get along well with others, father?Try to smile to others, boy. That will make _ much

33、 _.Athem; easier Bthem; more easyCit; easy Dit; easier11(2010·宁夏)Can I help you?Well, I'm afraid the box is _ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.Aso Bmuch Cvery Dtoo12(2010·桂林)What is your favorite sport?Swimming, I think. It's _ of all.Aeasier Bmore difficult Cthe most inte

34、resting Dthe most boring13(2010·泰安)Why do you always watch Channel 10 instead of Channel 5, Grandpa?The programs on Channel 10 are _ better.Amore much Bmuch moreCmore Dmuch14(2010·龙岩)The modern Olympics started in Athens, Greece. Its motto is “ _.”AFast; high; strong BFaster; higher; stron

35、ger CFastest; highest; strongest15(2010·湖州)I'm not sure what to get mom for her birthday.Oh, I've no idea, _.Atoo Bneither Ceither Dalso16(2010·盐城)They clapped and shouted _ when they saw Yao Ming appear on the playground.Ahardly Bquietly Cexcitedly Dangrily17(2010·襄樊)_ do you

36、 study for a test?I study by working with a group.AWhere BHow CWhen DWhy18(2009中考变式题)What do you think of the lecture of Li Yang's Crazy English?I think it's _， but someone thinks it's much too _.Awonderful enough; bored Benough wonderful; boringCwonderful enough; boring Denough wonderfu

37、l; bored19(2009中考变式题)Tian'an men Square is one of _ squares in the world.Alarge Blarger Clargest Dthe largest20(2009中考变式题)Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been here _ than you.Along Blonger Clongest Dthe longest21(2009中考变式题)_ will you have the meeting?Tomorrow morning.AWhat BWhy CWhen DWhere2

38、2(2009中考变式题)How _ the medicine tastes!Yes. But the medicine will really work soon after you take it.Aterrible Bdelicious Csweet Dnice23(2009中考变式题)Were you often late for school last term, Tom?No, _. I got to school early every day.Aalways Busually Csometimes Dnever24(2009中考变式题)What do you think of t

39、he cake?I like it very much. It tastes _.Agood Bterrible Cwell25(2009中考变式题)How about the dishes?Fantastic! Nothing tastes _.Anice Bbetter Cterrible Dworse26(2009中考变式题)I didn't know you take a bus to school.Oh. I _ take a bus, but it is snowing today.Ahardly BneverCsometimes Dusually27(2009中考变式题)

40、China is one of _ countries in the world.Aold Bthe older Coldest Dthe oldest28(2009中考变式题)I haven't seen Grace for a long time.I haven't seen her, _.Aother Btoo Ceither Dinstead29(2009中考变式题)_ we plant, _ our city will be.AThe more trees; the beautifulBThe less trees; the more beautifulCThe more trees; the more beautifulDThe less trees; the beautiful30(2011中考预测题)Have you _ read the poem If?Yes. I really enjoy it.Astill BeverCyet Dnever31(2011中考预测题)The world is becoming smaller and