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1、动词的分类及用法第一节动词的定义与分类一、什么是动词动词是表示人或事物的动作、存在、变化的词。动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语 a boy表示主语的状态二、动词的分类动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。(一)行为动词行为动词(实义动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如:I live in Beijing with
2、 my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住It has a round face.(它有张圆脸。)has,有(二)连系动词连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如:We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是are这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。连系动词可具体分为三类:1、表示“是"的动词 be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is, am, are, was,were, have/has been等要特别予以注意。例
3、如:He is a teacher.(他是个教师。)He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。 )We are Chinese.(我们是中国人。)2、表示"感觉"的词,如look (看起来),feel (觉得,摸起来),smell (闻起来),sound (听起来),taste (尝起来)等,例如:She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。)I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。)Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。)The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。)The
4、 flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)3、表示"变"、"变成”的意思的词,如 become, get, grow, turn,都解释为“变"、“变得",例如:She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。 )He feels sick. His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。)The weather gets warmer and the days get longer wh
5、en spring comes. (春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。)He grew old.(他老了。)难点解释注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,又可以作为连系动词。1、100k看;看起来He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词It looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词2、fell摸;感觉I felt someone touch my arm.(我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词Are you felling better today than before?(你今天比以前感到好些了吗?)连
6、系动词3、smell嗅;闻起来My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.(我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行为动词Great! The flowers smell nice.(这些花闻起来多香啊!)连系动词4、sound弄响,发音;听起来The letter "h" in hour is not sounded.(在hour这个词中字母 h是不发音的。)行为动词The gun sounded much closer.(枪声听起来更近了。)连系动词5、taste辨味;尝起来Please tast
7、e the soup.(请尝一口汤。)行为动词The soup tastes terrible.(这汤尝起来味道太差了。)连系动词6、get得到,获得;变There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one.(桌上有些香蕉,你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词7、grow生长,种植;变Do you grow rice in your country?(你们的国家种水稻吗?)行为动词It' s too late. It' s growing dark.(太迟了,天渐渐变暗了。)连系动词8、turn转动,翻动,使变得;
8、变The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)行为动词When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out. (春天来了,树叶变经绿了,花儿开了。)连系动词 上述句子中的动词如 grow、get、turn等,既可以作连系动词,又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢? 有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。例如:The trees turn/are green when spring comes. (春天来临,
9、树叶变绿。)The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词,意为“转动”。无法以is替换。(三)助动词这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句 子的否定和疑问,例如:He does not speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。)句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与not一起构成否定形式。A dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)句中的is是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。Did he hav
10、e any milk and bread for his breakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词have 一起构成疑问。(四)情态动词这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能”、“应当” 等。这类动词有 can, may, must, need, dare, could, might等。它们不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词(原 形)一起作谓语,表示完整的意思,例如:I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can,能,会He can' t walk because he is a baby.(
11、因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)can' t,不必May I come in ?(我可以进来吗?) may,可以第二节及物动词与不及物动词行为动词(即实义动词)按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。一、及物动词后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:Give me some ink, please.(请给我一些墨水。)If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手,。)二、不及物动词后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物 动词。例如:He work
12、s hard.(他工作努力。)Jack runs faster than Mike.(杰克跑步比迈克要快些。)Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看黑板,听我说。 )He got and "A" this time because he went over his lessons carefully.(这次他得了个"A”,因为他仔细地 复习了功课。)难点解释1、许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别,例如:Who is going to speak at the meet
13、ing?(谁打算在会上发言?) speak,不及物动词Few people outside China speak Chinese.(在中国外很少人讲汉语。)speak及物动词2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的,而在汉语中却是及物的。有时 则相反。例如:He is waiting for you.(他在等你。) 英语wait为不及物动词,汉语”等”为及物动词。Serve the people.(为人民服务。)英语serve为及物动词,汉语"服务”为不及物动词。Exercise 1指出下列各句中划线部分是什么动词,并说明词义,例如:All of us stu
14、dy hard. (vi.学习)1、He began to work at seven this morning.()2、I have left the key at home.()3、We must take the old woman to the hospital at once.()4、Billy felt very sad when he heard the bad news.()5、 Think it over, and you will have a good idea. ()6、Don' t think of yourself ; think of others.()7
15、、We are college students now, but we were at the factory two years ago.()8、Mr. Black got angry when he saw Jenny come to school late again.()9、Please wash your hands before each meal.()10、 Li Ming often works for the wall-newspaper after school. ()Exercise 2区别下列多组句子中的动作,指出下列划线动词是连系动词还是行为动词,并写出词义:1、S
16、he looks well.()She tried to look at the blackboard but saw nothing.()2、The students felt unhappy.()I felt someone touch my back.()3、 It was snowing hard when he got to the city.()It' s too late. It' s getting darker and darker.()4、 The teacher asked the student to turn it over.()The leaves
17、of the trees turn green when spring comes.()5、The young trees grow fast.()It began to grow dark.()6、The bell sounded at 12 o' clock for lunch.()The music sounds nice.()第三节持续动词与瞬间动词英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean,
18、slean,sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。二、瞬间性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find,get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set
19、out, put on, get on/off 等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。三、用法1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:He has studied English for three years.(他学英语已有 3 年了。)He has joined the Party.(他已入党了。)Mum isn't at home. She has gone to the library.(妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了。)2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。例如:His parents talked
20、 with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了 半个小时。)My mother has lain in bed for 3 days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。)My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.(我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。)3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法:(1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换,例如:He has been in the army/a soldier for three years.(他参军已有 3 年了。) 不能用 has j
21、oinedShe has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。) 不能用 has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time?(你哥哥离家已有好久了 吗?)不能用 has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:1、go be away2、comebe here3、come back be back4、leavebe away (be not here)5、7、buy havediebe dead6、8、borrow beginkeep be on9、11、finishbe
22、overclosebe closed10、12、open losebe openbe lost13、get to knowknow14、turn onbe on15、17、get upbe upjoinbe in ()或16、be a-sit down . membersit/be seated18、becomebe(2)用it issince结构来替换瞬间动词,例如: 电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)The film has been on for five minutes.他离开上海已有 3天了。(两种方法)He has been away from Shanghai for three
23、 days.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一种方法)It ' s five minutes since the film began.It is three days since he left Shanghai.It ' s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:I haven' t seen you for a long tim
24、e.(好久没见至U你了。)补充说明1、本书基本上已把初中课本中的持续动词与瞬间性动词罗列出来,可供教师参考使用。2、关于持续性动词与瞬间性动词的用法,可以结合现在完成时的教学一起进行。Exercise 3、选择正确的答案:1、Alice has (come, been) back for a week.2、His grandmother has (been dead, died) for ten years.3、When we got to the cinema, the film had (begun, been on) for a few minutes.4、The lights have
25、 (turned on, been on) for over half a day.5、Have you (bought, had) the book on grammar for a week? Yes, since last Sunday. 二、用since和for翻译下列句子:1、这本书我已借了两周了。2、她离开这儿有 5分钟了吗?3、我弟弟入团已有半年多了。4、Joan来到我校已有两个月了。5、他们相识有很长一段时间了。第四节情态动词情态动词用法情态动词有 can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (wou
26、ld), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一、情态动词的主要特征试比较下列几组句子,看情态动词的特点:1、He borrows some books from the library.(他常从图书馆借些书。)He can borrow some books from the library.(他可以从图书馆借到一些书。)can,可以2、I run fast.(我跑得快。)I can' t run fast (我跑得不快。)can' t,不会,不能3、Must he
27、 go now?(他必须现在走吗?) must,必须Did he go last night?(他昨晚去了吗?)4、They may be there.(他们可能在那儿。)may,可能They weren ' there.(他们不在那儿。)从上述四组句子中,可以看出以下几个特点:1、can、may、must都有各自的词义,表示能力、可能、允诺、愿意、请求等情态,因词义不完全,不 能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。2、情态动词没有人称和数的变化。构成疑问句时,通常放在主语前面(见例3);构成否定句时,not放在这些情态动,之后(见例 2)。可用它们的缩写形式(can' t
28、, cannot, mustn'等)。二、具体用法一、 can, could1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)Mary can speak three languages.(知识)Can you skate?(技能)此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。I ' ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示 经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如:He was able to go
29、 to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2)表不请求和允许。Can I go now?Yes, you can. / No, you can' t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you can. ( No, I ' m afraid not.)3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。They ' ve changed the tim
30、etable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?This can ' t be done by him.How can this be true?二、 may, might1)表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can' t或mustn' ,t表示 不可以,禁止“。-Might/ May I smoke in this room
31、?No, you mustn ' t.May/Might I take this book out of the room? Yes, you can. (No, you can ' t / mustn ' t.)用May I?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I?在口语中更常见。2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。May you succeed!3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。1. He may /might be very busy now.2. Your mother may /might not know t
32、he truth.三、 must, have to1)表不必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时, 如果是否定的,不能用mustn'(禁止,不准),而用needn' t, don ' t have而必)Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes, you must.No, you don ' t have you needn ' t.2) must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时,have to有更多的时态形式。1. The pla
33、y isn ' t interesting, I really must go now.2. I had to work when I was your age.3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)1. You' re Tom ' s good friend, so you must know whatlhes best.2. Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、 dare, need1) dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。1. How dare you say I &
34、#39; m unfair?2. He daren ' t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3. If we dared not go there that day , we couldn ' t get the beautiful flowers.2) need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to, should代替。1. You needn ' t come so early.2. - Need I finish the work today?Ye
35、s, you must. / No, you needn' t.3) dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中, dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesn ' t dare (to) answer.3. He needs to finish his homework today.五、 shall, should1) shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。What sh
36、all we do this evening?2) shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1. You shall fail if you don' fwork hard.(2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)3. He shall be punished.(威胁)六、 will, would4. 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?5. 表本意志、愿望和决心。1. I will never do that aga
37、in.2. They asked him if he would go abroad.3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比 used to正式,且没有 现已无此习惯”的含义。1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.4)表示估计和猜想。It would be about ten o ' clock when she left home.七、 should, ought to1) should, ought to表示应该
38、,ought to表示义务或责任,比 should语气重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble.2. You ought to take care of the baby.2)表小劝告、建议和命令。 should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用 should。1. You should / ought to go to class right away.2. Should I open the window?3)表示推测should , ought to (客观推测),must(主观推测)。1 .He must be home
39、 by now.(断te他已至U豕 )2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.( 含畜)情态动词基本用法:情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答cancould能力(体力,智力,技能)允许或许可(口语中常用) 可能性(表猜测,用于否定句或疑 问句中)can not / cannot /can docouldn ' t doCando? Yes,can. No,can ' t.may可
40、以(问句中表示请求) 可能,或许(表推测) 祝愿(用于倒装句中)may not doMay -do ? Yes,may.No,mustn ' t/can ' t.mightmight not doMight do - ? Yes,might No,might not.must必须,应该(表主观要求)肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测)must not/mustn ' t cMust do-? Yes,must.o,,No, needn t/don t haveo.have to只好,不得不(客观的必须,有时 态人称变化)don' t have to doDohave t
41、o do?Yes,do.No,don ' t.ought to应当(表示义务责任,口语中多用shouldought not to/oughtn to doOught to do ?Yes, ought. No, oughtn,shall将要,会用干-三人称征求对方意见 用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警 告、威胁等shall not/shan' t cShall do ?Yes,shall. No,shan ' t.should应当,应该(表义务责任) 本该(含有立备意味)should not/shouldn do1 t .,- Should do ?will意愿,决心wi
42、ll not/won ' t doWill do ?would请求,建议,用在问句中 would比 较委婉would not/wouldn do,丫qs,will.No,won' t.dare敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中)dare not/daren ' t cDare do ? o,Yes, dare. No, darenneed聿亚必须(常卅十否定句和疑问句中)need not/needn ' t cNeeddo ? oYes, must. No, -needn'used to过去常常(现在已/、冉)usednot/usedn ' t/usen
43、to ' dodidn ' t use to doUsed to do ?Yes,used.No,use(d)n ' t.Did use to do ?Yes,did.No,didn ' t.第五节动词的时态1.动词的时态一共有16种,以ask为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下:现在时过去时将来时过去将来时ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask进行am/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/ha
44、s askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/would have asked完成进行have/hasbeenaskinghad been askingshall/will have been askingshould/would have beer asking1) 一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, montht.基本结构:be动词;行为动词否te形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若
45、为仃为动词,则在其前加则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。),once a week, on Sundays, etc.don't,如主语为第三人称单数,一般疑问句:把 be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 does,同时,还原行为动词。2) 一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month ), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5,
46、 one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构:be动词;行为动词否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加 didn't,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句: was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。3)现在进行时:概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语: now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构:am/is/are+doing否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句:把 be动词放于句首。4)过去进行时:概念:表示过
47、去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构:was/were+doing否定形式: was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句:把 was或were放于句首。5)现在完成时:概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语: recently, lately, since for ,in the past few years, etc.基本结构: have/has + done否
48、定形式: have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句:have或has。6)过去完成时:概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即去的过去时间状语: before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本结构:had + done.否定形式: had + not + done.一般疑问句:had放于句首。7) 一般将来时:概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语: tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),soon, in a
49、 few minutes, by基本结构: am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.否定形式:was/were + not;在行为动词前加 didn't,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。8)过去将来时:概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。时间状语: the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.基本结构: was/were/going to + do; would/should + do.否定形式: was/wer
50、e/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑问句: was或were放于句首; would/should提到句首。2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况,但和现在有联系,强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果,它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加已经”等词。简言之,利用过去,说明现在。如:I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer.( 已经看过, 且了解这本书的内容)2 ) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,和现
51、在无关,它可和表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加 过“,了”等词。简言之,仅谈过去,不关现在。如:I read the novel last month.(只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住 )I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只说明在北京住过十年,与现在无关)3 .现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别:两者都可以表示 从过去开始一直持续到现在 ”,在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用现在完成时,如着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。I have read that book.我读过
52、那本书了。I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。(三)动词被动语态英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系,英语的动词有两种语 态形式,即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词用被动语态。如:They speak English.他们讲英语。过 主语 池们"是 讲”这一行为的执行者,是主动句,动词用主动语态来表示;English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。主语 英语”是 讲”的承受者,是被动句,动词
53、用被动语态的形式。He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)一、 被动语态的构成1、助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。二、主动语态变被动语态,the day after tomorrow, etc.主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如:Tom killed him. f He was killed by Tom.主动结构的主语变
54、为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时,by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。(2)将动词改为"be+过去分词”。They held a meeting yesterday.f A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。(3)将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。He sang a song. f A song was sung by him.2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间
55、接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的 主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.三、各种时态的被动语态1、 一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。2、 一般过去时:was/were+过去分词A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。3、 一般将来时:wi
56、ll be+过去分词The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。4、现在进行时:am/is/are +being +过去分词The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。5、 过去进彳T时: was/were +being + 过去分词The talk was being given at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候正在作报告。6、 现在完成时:have/has been+±去分词The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。7、过去完成时:had been+过去分词She said this lift had never been used.8、过去将来时:would be+过去分词The film would
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