音标及名词MicrosoftWord文档(3)

1、英语国际音标表（48个）元音：单元音（12个）长兀音/a:/i:/?:/u:/?:/短元音/ ? / i/?/u/?/e/?/双元音（8个）/ei/ /ai/?i/i ?/ /u?/?/?u/ /au/元音拼读练习/i:/E i: green gi: nsee si:9/e/bed bedhead hed letter 'let ?/?/apple '? plmap m?pcat k?t/a:/park p akstart st atfar f a/?:/door d ?:horse h?:swalk w ?:k/?/hot h ?twatch w ?t?body 'b

2、?di/u:/school sku:l blue blu:moon mu: n/u/book bukgood gudlook luk/ ? /mother 'm?e? up ?pluck l ?k/?:/bird b ?:dword w ?:dher h?:/ i /It it big big little 'litl/?/about ?'baut later 'leit ?mother 'm ?e?/ai/hi hai night naitlike laik/?i/boy b ?isoil s?ilenjoy in'd ?i/?u/old ?u

3、ldmost m ?ust hope h?u p/au/out autloud laudhow hau/i?/here hi ?n ear ni ?idea 'di ?/u?/sure ?u?poor pu ? tour tu ?/?/air ? hair h ?wear w ?练习（填 a/a n）a ”aa ”gsva ”ma ”xi”jca ”y“，f”orangetomatoappleegggirlhourchilduni versityopening ceremonyuseful bookold man/ei/A ei day dei late leitimportant m

4、eet ing/ k/f/s/ 0/?/t?/tr/ts/ g/v/z/e/ /?/d?/dr/dz/n/?/ j/ w/(4) 2 个半元曰3个鼻音/m/辅音(28个)(1).清辅音/p/ / t/(2).浊辅音 /b/d/3个似拼音/ h/ / r/ / 1/2.辅音拼读练习(1).清辅音/p/ picture 'pikt ? / t/ take teikpl ease p li:z people 'p i: pl today t ?deito tu:/ k/ cake keikkite kait come k ?m/f/ fine fainfun f ?n from fr

5、 ?m/?/t?/tr/tree tri:train trei ntrade treid/ts/cats k?tsgets getslots l ?ts/s/ six siks kiss kis say sei/ 0 / thank 0 ?kthing 0 i?hink 0 i?ksure ?u?sho p ? pshi p ?i pchicken 't ?ik?nchild t ?aild chip t ?ip(2).浊辅音/b/d/boat b ?ut dog d ? gbig bi g day deiboy b ?idaddy 'd?di:/v/z/e/?/d?/dr/d

6、z/go g?uvery 'verigood gudglass g asvideo 'vidi ?u vase veszoo zu: zero 'zi ?r?u clothes kl ?uezthem eem they eei father 'f ae?television 'teli,vi ?n pleasure 'ple?measure 'me?job d ?bjeep d ?i:pchange t?eind?dress dres dream dri:mdrop dr? preads ri:dz cards k adzbirds b

7、?:dz/m/my maimany 'me nimay mei/n/no n ?un ot n ?tknow n ?u/?/bring bri?thi nk 0 i?k3oing 'g ?/ j/yes jesyellow 'jel?u yesterday 'jest?di/ w/window 'wind ?u what w ?t will wil/ h/hat h?thave h?vhello he'l ?u/ r/red redread ri:dremember ri'memb ?/ l/life laiflittle 'li

8、tlleave li:v语法之名词 （noun）一.名词的种类名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词可分为个体名词和集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。在英语中，普通名词还可分为可数名词和不可数名词。个体名词和集体名词属于可数名词，而物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。名 词专有名词China, the White House, Ju ne普通 名 词可数名词个体名词coun try, book, flower集体名词family, class, team不可数名词物质名词meat, water, milk抽象名词health, p eace, hon esty1. 专有名词星期、月份、节日等特有的名

9、称。它的第一个专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构、报刊、 字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。如P reside nt, miss等时，其第一个字母要大写,重点提示 1）人名的前面若有尊称或头衔，如 Miss Wang 等"the”，但它的首字母不大写，女0the Great Wall.2）由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词2. 普通名词它可分为个体名词、 集体名词、物质名词和抽象名普通名词是指一类人或一个抽象的名称。词四类。个体名词表示某类人或事物中的个体。集体名词表示若干个体组成的集合体。物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词。抽象名词指人或事物的品质、情感、状态、动作等抽

10、象概念及学科疾病等名称的词。重点提示1）物质名词不可数，但表示具体东西时， 则变为可数名词，意义也发生改变。如:orange（橘子汁）-anorangefish （鱼肉）-a fish office （公职）-an office少数物质名词可以借助一些单位，如：a piece of, a cup of, a bottle of2）抽象名词不可数，但在一些固定词组中，可用作可数名词。如：catch a cold 感冒take a rest 休息抽象名词表示具体事物时，变为可数名词，前面可a/an,也可有复数形式，表示”某种人或事”。如：Pity令人遗憾的人或事beauty美人或美丽的事物succ

11、ess成功的人或事练习选择最佳答案1.A.2.There are twoand threeon the table.apple; milkB. appies; bananas C. milk,; bananas D. meat; milkTwelvewere hurt, but nowere lost in that accide nt.A. person; life B. people; lives C. people; life D. persons; life3. They want to have somefor supper, so they decide to catch many

12、>A. fish; fishes B. fishes; fish C. fish; fish D. fishes; fishes4. In order to achieve, he worked hard all the time, at last, he became.A. a success; success B. success; success C. success; a success D. a success; a success5. He had someth ing to write dow n and asked me for.A. a paper B. some pa

13、pers C. some pi eces of papers D. a pi ece of paper二.名词的数a/an;复可数名词分为单数可数名词和复数可数名词。单数可数名词前面一般要加不定冠词 数可数名词是在单数可数名词后面加”-S”或”-es”，且前面不能加不定冠词a/an.1. 名词复数的规则变化构词法例词一般情况下，直接加-schairs以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-esfox-foxes以”辅音字母+y ”结尾的名词要先变 y为i再加-es;以兀音字母+y结 尾的名词直接加-sstory-stories有些以f结尾的名词直接加-schief-chiefsroof - roof

14、s有些以f或fe结尾的名词要先变f或fe 为V,再加-esknife-knives以”兀音字母+o”结尾的名词加-sbamboo-bamboos以”辅音字母+o”结尾的名词加-eshero-heroes以th结尾的词，词尾加-smouth-mouths2. 名词复数的不规则变化 元音字母发生变化man- men词尾发生变化woma n- wome ntooth-teeth foot- feet mouse- miceox- oxe nchild- childre n单复数形式相同shee p-shee p有些名词只有复数形式glasses trousers scissors小贴士 有些名词虽然

15、是以 s结尾，但是它们不是名词的复数形式，而是单词本身词尾 为 s,女0 maths, physics, means, works 等等构成复合名词的两个词都要变为复数形式，如：重点提示单复数词义不同的名词brain - brains（脑力） work- works （作品、deer-deerJapan ese- Japan esea man doctor-me n doctorssand- sands （沙滩）good-goods （货物）工厂）paper-papers （论文）wood-woods （森林）练习watch ing the movie Tan gsha n Earthquak

16、e. D. Germa n选择最佳答案1. There are fiveA. Chin eseB. Fren chma nC. En glishma n2. Mom, I ' hungry. Will you please give me some?A. breadB. books C. water D. boxes3. I am thirsty. I want to buy.A. two bottles of oran gesB. two bottles of orangeC. two bottle of oran gesD. two bottle of orange4. There

17、 are thirty in our school.A. wome n teachers B. wome n teacher C. woma n teachersD. woma n teacher根据句意，用括号中所给名词的适当形式填空。.5.6.7.I dlike two cups of(milk) for my twin sisters.There are few(vegetable) in the fridge.The terrible dog has two(mouth).We'd like to go for a walk in the(wood).The ba

18、by has only two(tooth) although he is 2 years old.Look! A lion is running after a group of(deer).How many(knife) does Mary have?三.名词的所有格英语中表示所属关系常用以下两种方式表达：一是在名词后加1.'所有格的构成',另一种是”of+名词”结构。构成法例词单数名词词尾直接加 'Jack'swatch复数名词词尾如没有S,也要加'wome n 'club名词已有复数词尾S,词尾只加即可the workers' r

19、oom2.'所有格的用法用法示例用在有生命的名词后Peter's room. Peter and Tom ' room. Peter's andTom' rooms用在时间名词后today's news paper用在距离名词后twenty minutes walk3. of所有格用法the cover of the bookthe end of the roadthe n ame of the girlthe classroom of the first year stude nts练习将下列汉语翻译成英语汤姆的书包五天的旅行选择正确答案儿童节学生们的教室一个月假期1. desk is the clea nest in the classroom.A. Ann ' and Tom B. A