雅思词汇-3 社会类

1、Society：社会类1. Urban: adj relating to, or characteristic of a town or city 城市的；都市的，与城市有关的；有城市特色的Eg. urban construction/population/development The urban area is usually densely populated.urbanize: v make or become urban in character 使城市化，使都市化Eg. The island has recently been urbanized. urbanization: n

2、Eg. Urbanization has taken place very rapidly in developing countries.Metropolitan: adj of, relating to, or denoting a metropolis 大都会的，大城市的；有大城市气派的 Eg. Metropolitan area Many people couldnt afford to purchase houses in the metropolitan areas. Metropolis: n (1) the capital or chief city of a country

3、or region (国或地区的) 首都，首府，首要城市 （2） a very large and densely populated industrial and commercial city 大都会，大城市 Rural: relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town 农村的，（有关）乡村的；有乡村特点的Eg. Remote rural areas 遥远的农村地区 Crops are grown in rural areas. The children in backwarded rural a

4、reas dont have an access to better education facility. 构词法：-ward（s）朝向的Eg. Upward(s) downward(s) forward(s) backward(s) Eastward(s) westward(s) southward(s) northward(s) Homeward(s) Ruralize: v Ruralization: n Rustic: adj having a simplicity and charm that is considered typical of the countryside 淳朴的

5、，朴素的；质朴的；乡下风格的Eg. rustic costume Suburban: adj of or characteristic of a suburb 郊区的Eg. Suburban life 近郊生活Suburbanize: v Suburbanization: n 构词法：sub- : 表示“下面，底下，往下”；“下级，次要，从属”Subway(underground) subtitle sub-zero temperature subtropical Subdivide subadult 亚成体，接近成年的动物 subcategory亚类，子种类，子范畴 subconscious

6、 subcontinent次大陆 subsequent 2. central: adj centralize: v often as adj centralized concentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority 将权力集中，集权（于一身）；使集权 eg. a highly centralized country centralization: n Decentralize: v often as adj decentralized transfer (authority) from c

7、entral to local government 分权Eg. Canada has one of the most decentralized governments in the world.Decentralization：n Eg. the new leader advocates decentralization to prevent corruption. 构词法：de-: no not 否定 Eg. Demerit deforest deform degrade Decentralize decrease devalue3. Imbalance: n lack of propo

8、rtion or relation between corresponding things 不均衡，不平衡，失衡，失调Eg. Tension is generated by the imbalance of power. 构词法：im-: no not 否定前缀Eg. Impossible improper imbalance immoral Imperfect immortal永生的，不朽的 immeasurable不可估量的 4. Infrastructure: n the basic physical and organizational structures and faciliti

9、es ( eg. Buildings,roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise 基础结构，基础设施Eg. Economic/social/transport Infrastructure 经济/社会/交通基础设施 China has recently invested a lot in the improvement of the infrastructure of underdeveloped countries. 5. commercial: adj （1） connected wi

10、th or engaged commerce 贸易的，商业的，商务的 eg. A commercial agreement 贸易协定（2） making or intended to make a profit 获利的，营利的，用作商品的 eg. Commercial products 商品（3） Having profit, rather than artistic or other value, as a primary aim 以获利为主要目的的，商品化的Eg. Their work is too commercial 他们的作品过于商品化了。 N: a television or ra

11、dio advertisement 电视广告，电台广告 commercialize: v 【often as adj be commercialized】start to manage( an organization or activity) in a way designed to make a profit 使（组织，活动）商业化Eg. The museum has been commercialized. Commercialized resort areas 已开发的商业性游乐胜地 commercialization: n 6. Industry: n tourist/service

12、 industry tertiary industry 第三产业 Industrial: adj Industrialize: v 【often as adj industrialized】develop industries in ( a country or region) on a wide scale. 使（国家，地区）工业化 Industrialized nations 工业化国家 Industrialization: n 7. polar: n polarize: v polarization: n 8. stable: adj (1) ( of an object or stru

13、cture) not likely to give way or overturn; firmly fixed. (物体，结构)稳定的；稳固的，牢固的（2） （of a patient or their medical condition) not deteriorating in health after an injury or operation (患者或其伤后或术后身体状况）稳定的，没有恶化的 Eg. He is now in a stable condition in hospital.(3) (of a person) sane and sensible; not easily u

14、pset or disturbed (人）持重的，稳健的；心态平和的Eg. The officer is mentally and emotionally stable. 该军官精神和情绪都很稳定（4） not likely to change or fail; firmly established 持久的，稳固的Eg. a stable relationship 稳定的关系 Prices have remained relatively stable 价格依然相对稳定stabilize: v make or become stableEg. His condition appears to

15、have stabilized. An emergency programme designed to stabilize the economy stability: n the state of being stable Eg. social stability/instability 社会稳定/动荡 There are fears for the political stability of the area. 构词法：动词后缀：-ize 使成为；使变成；以的特点行事Eg. Computerize memorize summarize legalize rationalize Globa

16、lize internationalize specialize utilize criticize apologize urbanize modernize organize Ruralize stabilize hospitabilize polarize Industrialize Commercialize centralize decentralize prioritize 9. distribute: v give a share or unit of (something) to each of a number of recipients 分发，分配 Eg. Leaflets

17、are being distributed to hotels. distribution: n wealth distribution 财富分配 allocate: v distribute ( resources or duties) for a particular purpose ( 为某目的）分配，分派（资源，责任）Eg. The authorities allocated 50000 places to refugees. Students are allocated accommodation on a yearly basis. allocation: n eg. More e

18、fficient allocation of resources 资源的更有效配置10. employ: v employment: employment rate 就业率 unemployment： unemployment rate 失业率 employer: n employee: n11. explode: v (1) increase suddenly or rapidly in size, number, or extent 激增，迅速扩大Eg. The use of this drug exploded in the 90sEg. Population explosion (2)

19、 with object cause (a bomb) to do this 使炸弹爆炸explosion: n population explosion 人口激增，爆炸Population: n all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country(城镇，地区或国家的）全体居民，人口Eg. The island has a population of about 78,000a large/small population An increase/a fall in populationHave/has a population

20、 of Whats the population of Areas of sparse/dense population: a sparsely-populated area/ a densely-populated area 11. welfare: social welfare 社会福利12. revenue：（1） income, esp when of a company or organization and of a substantial nature （尤指公司或组织数额庞大的）收入，收益（2）a states annual income from which public e

21、xpenses are met （国家）税收 eg. the revenue 税务局，税务署13. boom：n (1)a loud,deep, resonant sound 低沉有回响的声音，隆隆声 (2) a period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth 迅速增长，繁荣v : no object experience a period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth 繁荣，昌盛booming: adj business is booming/ prosperious. 商业蓬

22、勃发展14. consume: v consumption: n ways of consumption 消费方式15. purchase： v/n acquire something by paying for it, buy 购买 Eg. There is great potential for the purchase power of Chinese people. 16. pressure：n Eg. He resigned due to pressure of work Reduce/alleviate/lessen the pressure from work/study Be

23、under great pressure of stress: n 17. scarce: adj (especially of food, money, or some other resource) insufficient for the demand ( 尤指食物，金钱或其他资源）缺乏的，不足的，供不应求的 inadequate/insuficient/short/lackEg. As raw materials became scarce, synthetics were developed. 由于原材料变得稀缺，合成材料被开发出来了scarcity: n water scarcit

24、y/shortage 水短缺Eg. There is a great scarcity of food in the drought-stricken areas. 旱灾地区食物短缺严重构词法: in- : no not 否定前缀Eg. Inadequate insufficient incorrect infinite incoherent Invalid infallible indiscrimination infeasible Indifferent invisible incomplete insignificant无关紧要的，可忽略的 incredible incapable In

25、fallible：adj incapable of making mistakes or being wrong 不会犯错的，无误的 Infinite：adj 无限的，无穷的，难以估量的，无数的Eg. The infinite number of stars in the universe Dis-: Eg. Dislike disagree disharmony disgrace(ful)丢脸的，不光彩的 Dishonest(y) disappear discover(y) dishonourable il-: Eg. illegal illegitimate illogical illiteracyir-:Eg. irregular irrational irrevocable irresistible Irreplaceable Irrevocable: adj not able to be changed, reversed, or recovered; final 不可改变的，不可取消的，最后的，最终的Eg. A