宾语从句语法讲解及专题训

1、第二部分语法知识第仃讲宾语从句高职考纲中宾语从句测试的重点是：掌握宾语从句的基本用法1.掌握宾语从句的各不同引导词的用法。2.掌握宾语从句的语序。3.掌握宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。4.掌握由 it 作形式宾语的宾语从句。一.宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中作宾语，从句放在主句谓语动词（及物动词），介词或某些形容词之后，前后不用逗号分开。如I don tknow if/whether he will come tomorrowShewas interested in what I said .二、 宾语从句的引导词1、 由连词 that 引导的述句性的宾语从句， 在很多动词如 s

2、ay, think, hope, see, believe, expect,hear 等动词后。连词 that 只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。He says （that） his father is a boss.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary that we should learn English well.2、 由连词 if、whether 引导的宾语从句表示是否.”。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether

3、和 if 可以替换，但在特殊情况下if 与 whether 是不能互换的。I wonder whether （if） they will come to our party.当 whether 与 or not 连用时 whether 不可换用 if。 在介词后面只能用 whether，不能用 if。在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用 if。He does nt know whether to stay or not.3、 由 wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词 who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词 when, where, why,how 等连接的宾语从

4、句，它们在句中既有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。Do you know which film they are talking about? （which在从句中做定语 ）I don know where he lives. （where 在从句中 做地点状语）三、 宾语从句的语序宾语从句属于名词性从句，它的语序必须是述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分如: I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wan ted to know what they can do for

5、us.四、宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。女口： She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.She says that she has finished her homework already.S

6、he said that she had finished her homework already.注意事项：如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在 时态。女口： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japa n is an isla nd coun try.Could you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。如: Could you tell me when we will visit the farm?五其他常见用法否定转移问题在

7、think , believe , suppose , consider 等动词所跟的宾语从句中，如果从句表 示的是否定意义，一般要将否定词移至主句的谓语上，而将从句变为肯定形式。如：Im sorry , but I don th ink I know you. 很抱歉，我想我并不认识你。I don believe that the man is killed by Jim.我认为那个人不是吉姆所杀的。例 1 （2008 年，）He asked me_ we could go to Beiji ng to watch the game by pla ne.A. thatB. ifC. howD

8、. what解析考查宾语从句引导词。根据主句可以推出宾语从句表达的是不确定的语气，所以排除 选项 A ;宾语从句中没有缺少与 how 和 what 相对应的句子成分，故本题应选 B。例 2 （2008 年，）Do you know_?Sorry, I dont know.A. where does Jimmy workB. where Jimmy worksC. how does Jimmy go to workD. what does Jimmy do解析考查述句语序。A、C、D 用的是疑问句语序，所以该题的正确答案应为B。例 3 （2008 年，）Do you know_for Shan

9、ghai last ni ght?At 9:00.A. what time he leaves B. what time does he leaveC. what time he leftD. what time did he leave解析考查述句语序和时态。根据语序，可以排除选项 B 和 D,从时间状语 last night 可以 推断宾语从句应该使用一般过去时，故本题的正确答案是Co例 4 （2009 年，平湖I think_best that you should stay here.A. thisB. that C. it D. what解析考查 it 引导的形式宾语。that 后面

10、引导的是宾语从句，it 起形式宾语的作用，this, that, what都不能作形式宾语，故本题的正确答案是Co例 5 （2010 年，）Linda said the moon_round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelledC. had travelled D. travells解析考查时态。宾语从句表达的是事实真理时，用一般现在时，故本题的正确答案是D。例 6 （2009 年,）In some western countries， when you hear something like an invitation, listen careful

11、ly tomake sure_ it is a real in vitati on or not.A. ifB.whetherC. weatherD. that解析考查宾语从句引导词。句意“在一些西方国家，当你听到像邀请之类的东西，你要仔细听来确定是否是一个真正的邀请。”宾语从句表达的是一个不确实的事，且后面有or not，故本题的正确答案是 B。例 7 （2010 年,）We don believe （that） they will come tomorrow,_ ?A. do weB.don weC. will they D.won they解析考查宾语从句的否定转移。真正的否定意义在从句

12、，这种否定前移的宾语从句，在 变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。本题的正确答案是C。A. it, thatB. that, thatC. it, what D. that, what2004年高职考试题解析考查 it 作形式宾语。真正的宾语从句不缺what 对应的成分，故本题正确答案为A。2._No one can be surein a million years.A. man will look like whatB. what will man look likeC. what man will look likeD. what look will man like200

13、4年高职考试题3. Please tell us_to the Scienee Museum.A. how can we reachB. how we can reachC. how can we getD. how we can get20005年高职考试题解析第 2.3 两题考查宾语从句的语序与get to 短语。2 题正确答案为 C, 3 题正确答案为D。4. Mike wants to know if _ a picnic tomorrow.Yes, But if it_, we visit the famous compa ny in stead.A. you will have,

14、rainsB. you will have, will rainC. you have, will rainD. will you have, rains20005年高职考试题解析本题考查在宾语从句和条件状语中的不同用法。第一个if 位于及物动词后面，所以引导的是宾语从句，时间是 tomorrow，用将来时态；第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句，用 一般现在时代替将来时，故本题的正确答案是A。4.Do you know whe n_ ?2009年高职考试题解析考查宾语从句的语序与主谓一致。 the World AIDS Day 作主语，是单数概念，一个日子，正确答案为 Co5._Emily c

15、ouldn tfind her key .Shedidn remember_.A. what it wasB. where was itC. what was itD. where it was2010年高职考试题解析考查宾语从句的语序和引导词。从句中缺少表示地点的表语，正确答案为Do1.He says_ he will go skat ing tomorrow.A. whatB. that C. if D.how2.一 Could you please tell me_ ?一 I live in Hangzhou, ZhejiangA . where do you liveB. if you

16、 live in GuilinC. where you liveD. where you were born3. No one tells us_ , so we n eed your help.A. how should we doB. what we should doC. how we should doD. what should we do4. My physics teacher said that light_ faster tha n sound.A. travels B. travel C. travelled D. travelling5. They said that t

17、hey_ in a week.A. will come back B. would come back C. come back D. Came back6. Could you tell me_ we are going mou ntain hiki ng tomorrow or n ot?A. whether B. if C. whe nD. where7. I dont know_.A.which room I can liveB.which room can I liveC.which room I can live inD.which room can I live in8. I d

18、on tknow if it_ tomorrow, If it_ not go fishing.A.rai ns;rai nsB. Rain s;will rain C. will rain; rai nsD. will rain; will rain9. Do you remember_you said at the meeti ng?Oh ,it on December 1 st.A.the World AIDS day are .C.the World AIDS Day isB,are the World AIDSDay .D.is the world AIDS Day .一、单项填空A

19、.whe nB. where C.that D. what10. Lucy said she_ such a beautiful piece of music before.A. has n heardB. had n heard C. does n hearD. did n hear二、用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told me_ he did nt go fish ing yesterday after noon.(whe n, why )2. Do you know_else is going to be on duty today ? ( who, whom )3. She sa

20、id_ it would nt matter much. (that, what )4. He always thinks_ he can do better. (how, who )5. I really dont know_the bridge will be fini shed.(how long, how soon )6. They dont know_to go or wait. (if, whether)7. They dont know_their pare nts are. (where,whe n)8. I was really surprised at_ I saw. (t

21、hat, what)9. I dont know_ way I should take. (which, where)10. Do you know_you are study ing for? (why, what)三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1. We are sure that he_ (go) to school tomorrow.2. Do you know who_ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?3. Could you tell me where the post office_ (is)?4. Our father said t

22、hat he_ (will) buy a new computer.5. I hear that he_(swim) in the sea yesterday.6. The little boy tells us where his father_(work).7. He said that he_(fini sh) his work already.8. They thought they could_(hike) to the top of the mountain.9. He was glad that so many people_(help) him whe n he was in

23、trouble.10. She doesn tknow whether_ (go) or wait.一. 填入适当的单词完成句子。1. Does Mr . Brown enjoy living in China ? Could you tell us ?Could you tell us_ Mr. Brown_ living in China ?2. When does the train leave ? I want to know .I want to know_the train_ .3. Did Peter come here yesterday ? Li Lei wants to k

24、now .Li Lei wan ts to know_Peter_here yesterday.4. I th ink this is a good idea.(改为否定句)I_ this_ a good idea.5. He has bee n to Beiji ng before.He said_he_bee n to Beiji ng before.二. 把下列句子改写成宾语从句1. You were ill yesterday. (I hear )2. How old is he? (He does nt know )3. Have they finished the experiment?(I want to know )4. Does your unc