(完整)初中英语语法--名词专题(含练习)

1、名词（一）一、名词的概念：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词 。二、名词的分类：1专有名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。a. 人名、地名、国名等例如： Lucy, Shanghai, Chinab.组织、团体、机构等例如 : the United Nationsc.语言、星期、月份等例如： English, Friday, March (注意介词 in/on/at 的用法 )注意：国家与人的对应China-ChineseAmerica-American(s)Australia- Australi

2、an(s)Canada-Canadian(s)Japan-JapaneseGermany-German(s)France-Frenchman(Frenchmen)GB-Englishman(Englishmen)2 普通名词：（ 1）不可数名词 ：不可以直接以数字计算的名词。 例如：snow, air, water, rice, paper, work, news( 新闻 )，food, rain, weather, juice, milk, meat, money ， English, fruit , information不可数名词要表示具体数量，必须借助of 短语 。如不能说 one b

3、read，但是可以说 one piece of bread和 two pieces of bread。只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：little 很少的（表示否定）； a little 一些（表示肯定），much（许多），how much（多少）， a bit of（一些）既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于肯定句 ), any（一些，用于否定和疑问句） a lot of (许多 ), lots of( 许多 )不可数名词量的表示方法：计量词+of例如： a piece of newsa cup ofteaa piece o

4、f breadtwo pieces of newstwo cups of teatwo pieces of bread注意：a bag of apples1（ 2）可数名词 ：可以直接以 数字计算 的名词。如 one book、two pens。可数名词有数的变化，即每个名词都有 单数和复数 两种形式。可数名词可以用两种方式表示具体数量： 1、直接在其前加数词； 2、在其前加 of 短语（ of+可以用作计量的名词）。如： one egg, two eggs; one basket of eggs, two baskets of eggs 名词复数的构成：a. 一般情况下，直接在词尾加s;例如

5、：book-booksgirl-girlsdesk-desksb. 以s, x,sh, ch 结尾 的，在词 尾加es；例 如： box-boxesbus-buseswatch-watchesfish-fishesc. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 加 es; 例如： city-citiesfamily-families以元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）+y 结尾的，直接加 s; 例如：boy-boysday-dayskey-keysd. 以 f 或 fe 结尾的，变f 或 fe 为 v 加 es; 例如： knife-kniveslife-liveswife-wivesha

6、lf-halves 但 roof, scarf 后直接加 se. 以 o 结尾的，有生命的 (或以辅音字母加 o 结尾的 )加 es, 没生命的（或以元音字母加 o 结尾的）加 s; 例如： radio-radiosNegro-Negroestomato-tomatoespotato-potatoeszoo-zoospiano-pianosphoto-photos 但 hippo 后直接加 s以下名词特别容易出错，请注意：stomach 胃 stomachs, roof 屋顶 roofs, reef暗礁 reefs,belief 信仰 beliefs，handkerchief 手帕 handk

7、erchiefs/handkerchieves Man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese, child-children,fish-fish/fishes,sheep-sheep, ox-oxen （ 公 牛 ） ,deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese, mouse-micepoliceman-policemen 等注： German(德国人 )Germans只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：few 很少的（表示否定），a few 一些（表示肯定），many

8、（许多），how many（多少）， a number of(许多的 ), several几个课堂练习：2一、写出下列名词的复数形式：1. egg _2. watch _3. story _4. knife _5. radio _6. tomato _7. desk _8. glass _9. child _10. sheep _ 11. Chinese _12.pencil-box _13. wife _14. family_15. city_16. dress _17.Englishman _18. match _19. exam_20. German _21. potato_22. .j

9、uice_23.water_24.holiday_25.paper_26.factory_27. thief_28.bus_29.class_30.glass_31. wife32. baby33. policeman34.brush二、单项选择1. Please pass me _.A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of watersC. two glasses of waterD. twoglass water2.They got much _ from those new books.A. ideasB. photos C.information D

10、. stories3.He had something to write down and asked me for _.A.a paperB.some papers C.some pieces of papers D.a piece of paper4.Some _ are flying kites near the river.A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs5. I d like some water, but he wants _.A. two bottle orangeB. two bottles of orange C. two bottles of orang

11、es D. twobottles of oranges6. Look at the _. You can see_ _ and _.A. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radioes B. photoes; potatoes, tomatoes, radiosC. photos; potatoes, tomatoes, radios D. photos; potatos, tomatos, radioes7. Cut the apple into _.A. halfsB.halvesC. half8. Mr. Lin often gives us _ by e-mai

12、l.A. some good informationB. some good informations C. good informationsD. agood information39. There are _ in the fields. They re eating grass.A. a horseB. much horsesC. many horseD. many horses10. I am thirsty. Would you bring me _, please? A.some bread B.some water C.some cakes D.some eggs11. -Ho

13、w great Dalian Radio and TV center looks!- Yes. That s one of the greatest_ in Dalian.A. buildingB. buildC. buildingsD. builds12. How many _ has the old farmer got?A. fieldB. sheepC. muttonD. cow13. The guide has some new _. She can show them to us. A.rice B.food C.jacket D.pictures14. -What would y

14、ou like to drink, girls? -_, please.A.Two cup of coffeeB.Two cups of coffeesC.Two cups of coffeeD.Two cupof coffees15.The _ are going to fly to Beijing.A.GermenB.Germany C.GermanysD.Germans16.The _ has two _.A.boys, watchesB.boy, watchC.boy, watchesD.boys,watch17.The boy always stays there for _.A.o

15、ne and half hourB.one and a half hourC.one and half hoursD.one and ahalf hours18.-They are thirsty. Will you please give them _? -Certainly.A.some bottles of waters B.some bottles of waterC.some bottle of water D.somebottle of waters19.Don t you think Dalian is one of the most beautiful _ in China?A

16、.citiesB.cityC.placeD.towns up20.-What can I do for you? -I m looking for _.A.a pair of shoesB.a pair of T-shirtC.two pairs of hat D.two pair of trousers21.Twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident.A.person; lifeB.people; lives C.peoples; livesD.persons; life422. There are _ on the tab

17、le.A.a glass of waterB.a glass of milkC.two glasses of waterD.a glass oforange23. There are few _ in the fridge. Let gos and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.A.vegetablesB.fruitC.meatD.eggs24. Mr. Smith always has _ to tell us.A.some good pieces of newsB.some pieces of good newsC.some good piece

18、of newsD.some piece of good news25. There is a lot of _ in the box.A.cake B.bags of cakes C.milkD.bags of milk课后作业：一、英汉互译1.一片面包2.一瓶牛奶3.一箱苹果4.一碗汤5.一条消息6.四杯桔子汁7.五包糖果8.两公斤牛肉9.十一名美国人10. 六名女学生二、用所给名词的正确形式填空。1.I have two(knife).2.There are many(box) here.3.I got a lot of Christmas(card).4.There is a pair

19、of(glass) on the table.5.There are a few(people) in the playground.6.How many(ship) can you see in the picture?7.Mike has seven(friend).8.A few(boy) are drawing on the wall.59. He has some interesting(book).10. The(child) are playing football now.三、单项选择1.He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breads

20、B. two piece of breadC. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads2.I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milkB. two glass of milkC. two glasses of milks D. two glassof milks3.Can you give me _?A. a teaB. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D . a cup of tea4.Please give me _ paper.A. oneB. a pieceC. aD.

21、 a piece of5.John bought_for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoes6.Children should make_ for old people in a bus.A. roomB. a roomC. roomsD. the room7.There are sixty-seven_ in our school.A. women's teacherB. women teachersC. woman teach

22、ersD. women teacher8.We needsome more_. Can yougoand get some, please?A.potatoB. potatosC. potatoesD. Potatos9.A group of _ are talking with two _ over there.A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; Frenchmen D. Germans; Frenchmans11.Lucy and I go to school _ every day.A. on feetB. on f

23、ootC. by footsD. by buses12. Are those _? No,- they aren t. They re _.A. sheep; cows B. sheep; cow C. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows13.She is the tallest ofin the family.6A. any sisterB. all the sistersC. all her sistersD. any other sisters14.They donthave to dotoday.A.much homeworkB. many homeworks C.

24、 many homework D.muchhomeworks15.The Chinese people enjoy happynow.A. lifeB. lifesC. a lifeD. lives名词（二）重点： 名词所有格在英语中，有些名词的词尾可以加上s, 用来表示所属关系，这种结构称为名词的所有格。1. 单数名词变所有格，只需在词尾加 s.Eg. the boys schoolbagthe workersshoes2. 复数名词的词尾已有 s, 只需加 即可。Eg. the teachersofficethe studentspens3. 若复数名词词尾无 s, 则应加 s.Eg. W

25、omens Daythe Peoples Park4. 无生命的词的所有格一般可用 of 加名词这一结构来表示。Eg. the name of the museumthe center of the city5.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名词前加s，若表示各自所有， 则每个名词后都要加 s.Eg. Jim and Toms bedroom (吉姆和汤姆的卧室 )（两人共有）Jims and Toms bedrooms (吉姆和汤姆的卧室 ) （两人各自所有）课堂练习：一、用 s 或 of 填空。1. my motherbag2. Tomfriend3. the doorour

26、room4. postmenbags5. the teachersdesk6. a bookmy fathers7二、汉译英1.露西的书2.学生们的鞋子3.李明的猫4.母亲的裙子5.这个公园的花6.我们教室的墙三、用所给名词的正确形式填空。1.This is(May) book.2.My(brothers) toy cars are very beautiful.3.He is a friend of my(mother).4.Thats(Ken and Bill) new bedroom.5.-Whose are these lunchbox?-They are(Ben).6.(Pat) b

27、ag is very pretty.（ Bob） is very pretty, too.7.These books are my(friend).8.st(children) Day.Tomorrow is June 1 . It s四、单项选择1.This is not your radio, but.A. yours brother B. your brothers C. you brothers D. yours brothers2.thDay.September 10 isA. TeacherB. TeachersC. TeachersD. Teacherss3.Jane issis

28、ter.A. Mary and JackB. Marys and JacksC. Marys and JackD. Mary and Jacks4.I will give youto finish it.A. two weeks timeB. two week timeC. two weekstimeD. two weeks time5.Miss Smith is a friend of.A. Mary s mothersB. Marys motherC. Mary mothersD. mothers of Mary6.March 8th isDay.8A. WomanB. WomenC. W

29、omensD. Womans7.Mary went tolast night.A. the house of her fatherB. hers fathers houseC. the houses her fatherD. her fathers house8.There aresheep in this place.A. a lotB. lotC. muchD. many9.Itsaboutwalk from this shop to the nearest bus stop.A. three minutes B. three minuteC. three minutes D. three minutess10. The doctor was very happy. He mademistakes in the exam.A. a littleB. littleC. fewD. a few课后练习：一、用 s 或 of 填空。1. the desksour classr