形容词和副词用法练习_第1页
形容词和副词用法练习_第2页
形容词和副词用法练习_第3页
形容词和副词用法练习_第4页
形容词和副词用法练习_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩1页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

1、形 容 词 和 副 词一、形容词1形容词(adj.)用以修饰名词,表示说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。 (错)He is an il

2、l man. (对)The man is ill. (错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid. 这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。e.g. something nice. 形容词在句中的作用a)作定语e.g. He is a good student. Healthy children are happy children.

3、We hope to see an advanced, strong and prosperous China emerge in the world.当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every- 构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些 不定代词的之后. e.g. Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ? I have something important to tell you. b) 作表语e.g. The trees turn green in spring. We are alone on the island.只

4、能作表语,不能作定语的形容词你能说出几个?alone; afraid; awake; asleep; alive; able e.g. The book is rather interesting. Dont feel bad. Everything will be all right.【注】大部分的形容词既可以作定语,又可以作表语,但有少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语,如alone, afraid, alike, alert (警惕的), aware (知道的,有意识的), alive, ashamed (惭愧的,羞耻的), content (满足的), unable等。但是有些这一类的形容

5、词,在有一状语修饰时,也能用作定语。e.g. I) the fast asleep children 熟睡的孩子们 II) the wide awake patient 完全醒着的病人c) 作宾语补足语宾语补足语形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语e.g. We must keep the classroom clean. He made us happy. Color it green. The news made me happy. I had never seen the hall so full in all these years. d) 作状语e.g. I) He spent seven

6、days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry. 他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了七天。 II) Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road. 他们由于怕困难,宁愿走容易的道路。 e) 作同位语e.g. The current fair, the biggest in its history, has taken on an entirely new look. 这次交易会时规模最大的一次,展现了崭新的面貌。 f) 作独立成分e.g. Strange to say, he did pass h

7、is exam after all. 奇怪的是,他确乎是通过了考试。 g) 有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或东西,这时它接近一个名词,可以作主语宾语等。e.g. I) They are going to build a school for the deaf and the blind. 他们准备给聋子和盲人盖一所学校。 II) He expects me to do the impossible. 他指望我做不可能的事情。以-ly结尾的形容词 1)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,br

8、otherly,仍为形容词。 改错:(错) She sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly. (对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。例如: e.g. The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published weekly. 时代周刊每周发行一期。 用形容词表示类别

9、和整体 1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接,如the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。e.g. The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。 2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用,如the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。e.g. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 形容词一般

10、作为定语放在名词前面。如果名词词组中含一个以上的形容词,它们的一般顺序是:(1)限定词(2)性质(3)大小、长度或形状(4)年龄(5)颜色(6)国籍(7)名词或动词-ing形式。限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)-出处-材料性质-类别-名词。e.g. a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car 形容词在句中的位置e.g. She has a very va

11、luable big gold watch. Two brilliant young Chinese engineers live here. 但是在下列情况之下,形容词需要后置: a) 形容词词组经常后置。e.g. Do you know the man clever at painting? b) 形容词修饰以-body,-one,-thing 结尾的不定代词时必须后置。e.g. There is something wrong in this sentence. c) 带后缀-able / -ible的形容词和all, every, only或形容词最高级连用时,常常后置。e.g. Jo

12、hn is the best person available. They have tried all the ways possible. d) 本身有修饰性状语的形容词后置。e.g. a man always timid 一个总是腼腆的人 In a world too often cold, such notes bring warmth and reassurance. 在一个冷冰冰的、人情淡漠的世界里,这样的便笺给人们带来了温暖和信心。 e) 以a-开头的形容词作定语应后置。e.g. the greatest poet alive 当今最伟大的诗人the man alone 孤独的男

13、人。 f) 有些形容词即可前置也可后置,但意义不同。e.g. at the present time 在目前all friends present here 所有在座的朋友典型例题: 1)Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little otherC. two other little D. little other two 2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old sto

14、neC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old 3)- How was your recent visit to Qingdao? - It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the _days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 1)答案:C。由限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) -性质-名词的顺序可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答

15、案。 2)答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。 3)答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照:限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词,如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。形容词的比较级和最高级词尾变化:单音节词在词尾加-er

16、(比较级)或-est e.g. taller, tallest; harder, hardest; larger, largest; wider, widest (最高级)以字母e接尾的词加-r或-st 以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或este.g. bigger, biggest; hotter, hottest; fatter, fattest; wetter, wettest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加-er,或-este.g. happier, happiest; drier, driest; earlier, earliest 少数以-er, -

17、ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est 多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more 和most e.g. more difficult, most difficult; more popular, most popular; more slowly, most slowly 巧记: 特殊形式比较级,共有三对二合一,坏病两多并两好,little意思不是小,一分为二有两个,一是老来二是远原级 比较级 最高级 good / well bad / ill many / much littlefar old as+形容词原形+ase.g. Tom is as tall as Mike. Tom is th

18、ree times as old as Mike. There are as many students in our school as yours. 否定 not as+形容词原形+as:“和 不一样” not so+形容词原形+as:“不及不如 e.g. Tom is not as tall as Mike. Tom is not so tall as Mike.so+ 形容词原级+that丛句 such+名词that丛句 e.g. He is so big that he cant enter the room by the door. too+原级+ to do sth. e.g.

19、He is too young to join the army.形容词原级+ enough to do sth. e.g. This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons. 比较级+than e.g. Our school is larger than theirs. This bridge is longer than that one.表示两者之间的选择,可使用“Which is+ 比较级,or?” e.g. Which is longer, this one or that?表示不及另一方时,使用“less+原级+than” e.g. This par

20、k is less beautiful than that one. “The+比较级,the+比较级” e.g. The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us the heat. “比较级+and+比较级” e.g. In spring, the days are getting longer and longer. one of the+最高级+名词复数 e.g. Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. 最高级+of (in) e.g. Of all the movie

21、stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is the best. This is/ was the最高级+名词+that定语从句 e.g. This is the worst film that I have seen these years. 二、副词副词(adv.)用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。 e.g. very, early, out, soon, quickly, etc. 用法作表语:My mother is out.作定语:The girl there is my friend.作状语:He runs fast .作宾补:I found h

22、im outside. 副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同e.g. fast -faster- fastest; slowly- more slowly- most slowly形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the. e.g. - Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world. Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.副词的位置 1)在动词之前。 2)在be动词、助动词之后。 3)多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意: a)大多数方式副词位于句

23、尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。e.g. We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 b)方式副词well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。e.g. He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。 二、副词的排列顺序: 1) 时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。 2) 方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。e.g. Please write slowly and carefully. 请写得慢一些,仔细一些 3) 多个不同副词排列:程度+地点

24、+方式+时间副词。 注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。 改错:(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much. 注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。e.g. I dont know him well enough. 他我不熟悉。 There is enough food for everyone to eat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。 There is food enough for everyone to eat. 副词的构成a) 大多数副词的构成是在形容词词尾加-ly:e.g

25、. quietly, badly。少数副词的词尾略有变化。e.g. 若形容词词尾为-y,则将y改为i,再加-ly;nasty (污秽的,肮脏的) nastily;若词尾为-le,则将-le直接改为-ly;terrible terribly;若词尾为-ue把e去掉再加-ly;若词尾为-ll只加y:full fully;若词尾为-ic时要加-ally;scientific scientifically。但有极少数例外e.g. sole (单独的,唯一的) solely, whole wholly,dry dryly,true truly,public publicly。同时,像brotherly,

26、 friendly, heavenly, likely, lonely, lovely等词虽然有-ly后缀,却不是副词,而是形容词。b) 名词 + 后缀-wise 或-wards表示方向、位置、状态等:e.g. clockwise(顺时针地), backwards, forwards。有时名词词首加前缀“-a”也可做副词(一般也可作形容词)e.g. asleep(睡着), aboard(在船上、飞机上、车上), abroad(在国外), away(离开)等。c) 形容词、副词同形的词:少数副词不带后缀,它们中的大多与同形的形容词意义相近e.g. late, wide, well, slow,

27、quick, high, fast, loud, straight。但个别与形容词意义不同。如:hard, pretty, just等。还有一些表示频度的以“-ly”结尾的词,既是形容词,又是副词e.g. hourly, daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly, yearly等。兼有两种形式的副词 1) close与closely:close意思是近;closely 意思是仔细地。e.g. He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。 Watch him closely. 盯着他。 2) late 与lately:late意思是晚;la

28、tely 意思是最近。e.g. You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。 What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗? 3) deep与deeply: deep意思是深,表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,深深地。e.g. He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。 4) high与highly: high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much。e.g.

29、The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。 5) wide与widely:wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是广泛地,在许多地方。e.g. He opened the door wide. 他把门开得大大的。 English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。 6) free与freely: free的意思是免费;freely 的意思是无限制地。e.g. You can eat free in my restaurant when

30、ever you like.无论什么时候,我这饭铺免费对你开放。 You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以畅所欲言,想说什么就说什么。d) 还有一些副词和介词同形,主要是一些表示地点的副词e.g. above, abroad, across, around, back, below, down, here, home, in, inside, near, on, out, outside, over, past, round, there, up等。e) 少数副词具有两种形式,一种与形容词同形,一种是形容词加后缀“-ly”构成的。这两种形式的副词有

31、时含义相同或略有不同,有时则意义完全不同。常见的有:clean (完全)- cleanly(顺利地,清楚地)clear(一直,完全)- clearly(清楚,显然)close(近)- closely(细心地,严密地)dead(突然地,完全地)- deadly(非常)deep(深)- deeply(深深地)easy(慢慢来)- easily(容易地,无疑)late(晚,迟)- lately(最近)most(最)-mostly(主要地)loud(指音量的大小)- loudly(大叫,指发音时用力的强度)near(接近,指时间和空间)-nearly(几乎,差不多)pretty(几乎,差不多)- pr

32、ettily(漂亮地)right(直接,完全地,恰好)- rightly(正确地)round(转过来)- roundly(狠狠地)sharp(准时)- sharply(急剧地)slow(怠工)- slowly(慢)sure(当然可以,的确)- surely(一定)wide(宽阔地,很大地)- widely (远离目标,广泛地)等free(自由地,免费地)- freely(大量地, 慷慨地)fair(公正地,公平地,恰好)- fairly(相当地,非常,不带偏见地)hard(努力地)- hardly(几乎不),high (高) highly (高度地,颇受)just (正是) - justly

33、(公正地),large(说大话)- largely(主要地,基本上)2副词在句中的位置: 原则上,副词必须尽量靠近被修饰的词。副词修饰形容词、副词(短语或从句)时,通常放在其前面。副词修饰名词、代词时,副词的位置在被修饰的词的前面或后面。a) 修饰动词的副词的位置比较复杂:修饰不及物动词时,副词在动词之后,有补语时在补语之后;修饰及物动词时,副词在宾语之后;如果宾语是名词从句或带有较长的修饰语时,副词可插在动词与宾语之间;副词饰被动语态的动词时,在-ed分词之前或之后均可。e.g. Everything went smoothly. She didnt do it intentionally.

34、 b) 由“动词 + 介副词”所组成的动词短语,宾语是代词时,副词在代词之后;宾语是名词时,副词在名词前后皆可;宾语是短语或从句时,副词在短语或从句之前。e.g. Money may not be the root of all evil, but if it keeps us up at night, it has become way too important in our lives. 钱也许并不是万恶之源,但它如使我们夜不能寐,那它在我们生活中就显得太过重要了。c) 表示确定时间的副词(短语),通常放置在句首或句末,放在句首时的语气较强。常用的此类副词有:finally, yet,

35、still, now, lately, shortly, then, recently, today等。e.g. Finally, public speaking can help you play your role as a member of society. 最后,演说将有助于你扮演社会一员角色。d) often, sometimes, seldom, never, occasionally, always, usually等频率副词的位置一般应在动词之前,但应在be动词之后。句中有助动词时,则常放在助动词与其它动词之间。若置于句首,则有强调含义。e.g. He is sometimes late. I make mistakes,and sometimes I do childish (幼稚的) things.1. The bread is _ than these cakes. A. very deliciousB. much delici

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论