定语从句--关系代词

1、定语从句（I）-关系代词概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系词分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that, as)和关系副词（where, when, why）关系词的作用：一是代替先行词在从句中充当一个成分；二是起连接作用，连接先行词和定语从句。I. 关系代词的用法1. 先行词是人时1) 在从句中做主语用_或 _引导 He is the man _(住在隔壁的) _(这就是卖报纸的女孩吗)？2) 在从句中做宾语用who, whom或that引导, 并且可以_ He is

2、 the man _(你可以依赖的)3) 在从句中做定语用_引导 I know the girl whose father is a manager. This is the scientist_(他的名字闻名全世界) An Iraqi reporter, during a news conference _ threw his shoes at Bush and called him a dog in Arabic shocked the world. A. who B. where C. whom D. which2. 先行词是物时由_或 _引导, 做主语,宾语或表语，做宾语时可以省略做定

3、语用whose引导The noodles（that/which）I cooked were delicious. _（这就是你在找的信吗）？ The room _(窗子朝南的) is mine. I saw some trees whose leaves were black.你知道whose leaves 的另外两种说法吗？I saw some trees, _were black. _The flood and infection _ brought along really made the villagers suffer a lot. A. it B. that C. which D

4、. what It was the training _ he had as a young man _ made him such a goodengineer. A. what; that B. which; that C. that; which D. that; whatII. 介词+which指物（不用that）. 介词+whom指人（不用who/that） They are the boys (who/whom/that )I often go to school with. =._ I often go to school. This is the farm that/which

5、 he works on. =._he works . 思考：你知道如何选择介词吗？ 主要看定语从句的动词和介词的搭配 1) This is not the book _ which the teacher spoke in class. 2) The car _ which he paid 240,000 yuan is made in Shanghai. 3) I dont know the student _ whom Mary quarreled yesterday. 4) He built a telescope which he could study the sky. 5) In

6、 the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ whom she could turn for help.6) The two things _ they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. of which B. to which C. of whom D. with which有时也时常出现“介词+whose+名词”结构 I like Mr Li, in whose class I learn a lot.Last year parts of Southeast Asia w

7、ere struck by the floods, _ _ effects people are still suffering. 1）Im very grateful to my high school teachers, without _ help I wouldnt be so excellent. A. whom B. them C. which D. whose2）James and Alex, _ clothes Harry had taken away, had to leave the pool with nothing on. A. both of which B. bot

8、h of whose C. neither of whom D. neither of which表示整体中的一部分时用all/most/many/some/both/neither of which/whom He has written 8 books and two of them are famous. =., _ are famous.He has brought up five children, _ (没有一个是他自己的孩子) The treasure, some of which has been discovered, has been sent to the British

9、 Museum. 译：_Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the students Union. A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that timeIII. 关系代词只用that不用which的几种常见形式1. 先行词为不定代词all, everything, nothing, anything, little, few,

10、 each, much, no, some, every等，或被这些不定代词修饰时，只能用that Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? He was so pleased with all _ we had done for him _ he wrote us a letter to praise for it. A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; that2. 当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰或被the only, the very, the las

11、t等修饰时，只能用thatThis is the most interesting film_(我曾经看过的) This is the very book (that )I want.3. 当先行词中既有人又有物时,只能用that They talked of things and persons (that) they remembered at school.4. 当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句，用that引导 Who is the man_(正在跟他谈话的)？ Which of the shirts (that) you bought is the most expensive

12、?5. 当先行词本身是表语，且关系词本身在从句中做表语时，用thatHe is not the man that he was.6. way做先行词，你能想起它的从句形式吗？I dont like the way that/ in which/ x you speak to your mother.注意： 当先行词为those指人时，为避免重复关系词用who引导 Those who dont wish to go neednt go.IV. as/which引导非限制性定语从句 as/which引导非限制性定语从句都可指整个句子，做主语或宾语 区别如下： 1）_引导非限制性定语从句可以放在句首

13、, _则不能2）as 有“正如，正像“之意 which 则指“这一点，那一点“ She married Joe and this/that/ it surprised everyone. She married Joe, which surprised everyone. The sun gives off light and warmth, _ makes it possible for plants to grow. _ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth every month. 这两个句子中的which, as

14、能换成it或that 吗？_ 第二个句子如果换成it应怎么表达？ _第二个句子如果换成what应怎么表达？_ as 常见的结构有： as anybody can see/judge as is reported. as we expected as is often the caseas has been announced/mentioned/pointed out Wishing to get a million in the lottery, _ many among us now do, is simply foolish. A. which B. what C. that D. as

15、Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be.A. who B. that C. what D. which选择关系词三步骤 1）首先找先行词 2）确定先行词指人还是物 3）看从句中缺什么成分注意下列句子的谓语He is one of the students who _ awarded. He is the only one of the students who _awarded.六. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1) 限制性定语从句是主句中先行词不可缺少的定语，与主句关系密切，若缺少，句意则不完整，中间不用逗号隔开。2) 非限

16、制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，若缺少，句意相对完整， 中间一般用逗号隔开，翻译时单独成句。在非限制性定语从句中 指物用which引导，不用that 指人用who/whom/whose引导。 指时间用when, 指地点用where, 指原因用for which(不用why) Last night I saw a good film, which was about the Sichuan earthquake. The film which I saw last night was about the Sichuan earthquake. He has a son who works in

17、the factory 译： He has a son, who works in the factory.译：八.定语从句中需要注意的事项 1. 选择关系词三步骤 1）首先找先行词 2）确定先行词指人还是物 3）看从句中缺什么成分2. 主谓一致问题-定语从句中谓语的单复数应与先行词一致 Mr Smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you. Mr Smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you.He is one of the students who were awarded. He is the only one of the students who was awarded.3. 选择关系词注意在从句中的成分 This is