掌握记录方法

1、Unit 7 Economic DevelopmentWeek OneSkills: Figure switching Materials: Textbook and supplementary materialsProcedure:I. Instructors explanation § 掌握记录方法 § 笔记关键在于采用自己熟悉的某种方式将转折数字记录下来，比如用 表示thousand， 表示million，b表示billion, t表示trillion,或用“”表示“000”等等(3,000,000可记录成“3 ”或者“3，”) .原则就是要方便并且不容易混淆

2、67; 除了记下数字本身以外，更重要的是确保记住与数字有关的内容，即 “What is the number about?”。否则这个数字就没有任何意义了。§ 听的过程中注意一些提示词汇.比如amount to, reach, equal to, increase by或者如volume, number, record等词, 这表明后面将有词汇出现. 相关表达如下 : § 达到 reach, total, number, total, peak at, bein total§ 占%: account for, take up; constitute; make u

3、p§ 上升：rise, increase, climb, jump, skyrocket, augment, up§ 下降: fall, drop, decline, decrease, precipitate, down § 稳定/波动: level out/off, remain stable, fluctuate, stand/stay at, to reach a peak § 模糊数字的口译§ 几个some; a few; several; a number of § 十几个more than ten; over a doz

4、en; less/no more than twenty§ 几十个dozens of § 几十年decades§ 十几岁in one's teens§ 四十出头a little/a bit over forty§ 五十岁左右more or less fifty (years old); about fifty § 近八十岁了nearly/almost eighty (years old)§ 九十好几了well over ninety (years old)§ 三天左右three days or so

5、7; 大约150米处somewhere about 150 meters§ 好几百hundreds of § 成千上万，千千万万thousands of § 几十万hundreds of thousands of§ 几百万millions of § 亿万hundreds of millions of II. Exercises 1. P122, 1&2 高级英汉汉英口译教程（上册） 2. P123, 3高级英汉汉英口译教程（上册） 3. Supplementary Exercises McDonalds founders Dick an

6、d Mac McDonald started with their little drive-in restaurant in San Bernardino, California in the late 1940s. But McDonalds today serves 38 million customers each day, of whom 20 million are in the U. S. A. Its about 23,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries around the world. Its one of the worl

7、ds great entrepreneurial organizations, with most restaurants worldwide run by a franchisee or affiliate partner of the company. Its one of the two most recognized and powerful brands in the world, the other being coca-cola, the only soft drink supplier to McDonalds today. Its a growing company, add

8、ing more than 2,000 new restaurants to their system each year. This means a new McDonalds will open somewhere in the world every five hours of every day. It generates sales of more than $31 billion a year and earns net income of more than $1.5 billion annually. McDonalds opened its first restaurant

9、in Beijing on April 23, 1992. Its the joint venture partnership between McDonalds and the General Corporation of Beijing Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce. It took five years to establish the network of local farmers, manufacturers, and other suppliers to support the restaurant.QSC & V has bee

10、n the foundation that built McDonalds success. QSC & V stands for the McDonalds principles of Quality, Service, Cleanliness, and Value. Its McDonalds business philosophy ever since it came into being. Quality to McDonalds means that they ensure their customers receive food products that are the

11、result of the best ingredients, strict standards, and proven preparation procedures so that they will be safe, healthy, and great-tasting.Fast and friendly service has always been a foundation for success of McDonalds. They use service enhancement techniques to help to provide service that meets and

12、 exceeds their customers expectations. Cleanliness has always been McDonalds principle. This means having the cleanest and freshest facilitiesfrom the kitchen and dining room to the rest rooms and parking lots. Value means low prices at McDonalds. Today, value is defined as the total experience you

13、receive for what you pay, and at McDonalds, the total experience includes nice food, friendly folks, a clean environment, quick and accurate serviceand fun!Related words and Expressionsdrive-in restaurant 免下车餐馆 (顾客可坐在自己的车上进餐)entrepreneurial organizations 企业团体a franchisee or affiliate partner of the

14、company 公司特许经营人或下属合作伙伴the only soft drink supplier 唯一的饮料供应商business philosophy 经营哲学best ingredients 最佳的配料proven preparation procedures 经过检验的烹制程序service enhancement techniques 提高服务的技巧exceed their customers expectations 超额满足顾客的期望Versions for reference二十世纪40 年代末, 麦当劳创始人迪克和麦克·麦当劳以在加州圣贝纳迪诺开的一家路边“免下车

15、”小餐馆起家。如今的麦当劳每天已经拥有3800万顾客, 其中2000万在美国。 麦当劳在全世界100多个国家约有2.3万家分店。它是世界大型企业之一, 其大多数国外分店都是由公司特许联营者或下属合作伙伴所经营。它是世界公认的最具实力的两大品牌之一, 另一个是可口可乐-麦当劳当今唯一的饮料供应商。麦当劳生意蒸蒸日上, 每年有2000多家分店加入麦当劳家族。这个数字意味着每天每五个小时就有一家新的麦当劳店开张。 麦当劳每年的营业额为310多亿美元, 每年的纯利润超过15亿美元。1992年4月23日，麦当劳的第一家北京分店开始营业。 这家分店由麦当劳与北京农工商总公司联合经营, 花了五年的时间才建起

16、由当地农民、制造商和其他供货商组成的网络为其提供后勤保障。QSC & V是麦当劳成功的基础。QSC & V代表着麦当劳的经营准则,它们是“质量、服务、卫生以及价值。”自从麦当劳创业以来, 这几点一直构成其经营理念。麦当劳的“质量” 准则就是: 确保顾客获得优质食品; 这些食品由最佳配料制成, 有严格的标准; 其烹制程序经过严格检验和许可,以确保这些食品的安全、健康和美味。提供快捷和友善的“服务”一直是麦当劳企业成功的一大基础。 他们不断提高服务水平来满足顾客的期望和要求。“卫生”一直是麦当劳的企业准则。这意味着拥有最清洁、最干净的设备-从厨房、餐厅、卫生间到停车场。“价值” 意

17、指物美价廉。如今, 在麦当劳, “价值”的定义时:花钱消费后您的“总体感受”，包括优质的食品、友善的服务人员、清洁的用餐环境和快捷准确的服务-还有乐趣! Unit 7 Economic DevelopmentWeek TwoSkills: Figure SwitchingMaterials: Textbook and supplementary materials Procedure:I. Instructors explanation1. 倍数翻译倍数翻译是一个很容易出错的问题，这是因为英汉两种语言均有众多的倍数表达法，很容易让人混淆。倍数翻译最根本的问题在于要搞清楚是否包括基数。汉语有一些

18、句式包括基数，也有一些句式不包括基数，而英语则都包括基数。例如：a. A is twice as tall as B.b. A is twice taller than B. 这两种句式所表达的含义是一样的，也就是说，如果B是1的话，A就是2。两个句子都应该译成“甲的身高是乙的两倍”或者“甲比乙高一倍”。第一句话翻译起来一般不会有什么问题，但翻译第二句话却必须小心，因为如果把它译成“甲比乙高两倍”，那么，按汉语的表达习惯，A就会被错误的理解为3倍。1 表示“甲是乙的两倍”英语用twice asas, twice the number/size/length of, to increase by

19、 100%,以及double来表示。例如：（1） 他们今年的产量是去年的两倍。/他们今年的产量比去年增加了一倍。/他们今年的产量比去年翻了一番。a. Their output this year is twice as much as what it was last year.b. Their output this year is twice the amount of what it was last year.c. Their output this year is double what it was last year.d. Their output this year has d

20、oubled, compared with what it was last year.e. Their output this year has increased by 100% over last year. （2） 这辆车的价钱是那辆的两倍。/这辆车比那辆车贵一倍。a. This car is twice as costly as that one. b. This car is twice the cost of that one.2 表示“甲是乙的三倍”英语用thrice/three times as as, thrice/three times the number of; to

21、 increase by 200%,以及triple /treble 来表示。例如：这幢楼是那幢楼的三倍高。/这幢楼比那幢楼高两倍。This building is thrice/three times as high as that one./This building is thrice/three time the height of that one. 3 表示“甲是乙的四倍”表示四倍，英语用four times/fourfold, 以及quadruple和 to increase by 300%。表示四倍以上的依此类推。例如：到2000年，我国的生产总值将是1980年的四倍。/到20

22、00年，我国的国民生产总值将在1980年的基础上翻两番。/到2000年，我国的国民生产总值将比1980年增加三倍。By 2000, our GNP will have been four times/fourfold as much as it was in 1980.By 2000, our GNP in 1980 will have been quadrupled. By 2000, our GNP will have increased by 300% over 1980.我们现在的工资是十年前的五倍。/我们现在的工资比10年前增加了四倍。Our salaries are now fiv

23、e times/fivefold as many as what they were ten years ago.Our salaries are now five times/fivefold those ten years ago.我国要养活的人口是那个国家的7.5倍。We have to feed 7.5-fold the number of people in that country. 2. 增/减百分比的口译“增/减了百分之几”英语和汉语的含义一致，都表示净增或净减百分数。英汉增/减百分数的表示法有以下几种：1) 增/减了%§ increase/rise/grow%/de

24、crease/drop/fall/sink %§ increase/go up by %/decrease/drop/fall/go down by %E.g. Between 1986 and 1987, Nike's sales dropped 18 percent and profits sank by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok.与“锐步”鞋业竞争的结果，从1986到1987年， 耐克（鞋）的销售额下降了18%，利润下降了40%多。E.g. spending on non-du

25、rables-everything from soap flakes to razors to tennis shoes-rose 30% last year.去年非耐用品，从皂片、剃须刀到网球鞋的消费上升了30%。E.g In America, the number of people engaged in farming as their principle of occupation fell to 961,560 in 1997, down 8.7 percent from 1992, while the number between (the age of) 25 to 34 fel

26、l 28 percent.在美国以农业为主要职业的人数1997下降到961，560人，比1992下降了8.7%，而年龄在25到34岁的人数下降了28%。2) 与相比，增/减了%§ Increase/decrease/go down by /go up by % (as) compared with /as against / as opposed to / overE.g. 1999年，普通高校招生规模比上年扩大了47.4%。University and college enrollment in 1999 has increased by 47.4 percent over the

27、 previous year.E.g. 同1997年相比，1998年工业排污减少了11.6%；家庭排污增加了2.6%。Compared with 1997, the discharge of industrial wastewater dropped by 11.6 percent, while that of domestic sewage rose by 2.6 percent in 1998.3) 增/减率§ be % increase/ rise /growth/ decrease/drop /decline§ an increase / a rise / a gr

28、owth rate of / a decrease / drop / decline of § be % up /down /be up / down%E.g. 1999年，中国外贸出口达1949亿美元，比上年增长6.1% Chinas total exports reached US$194.9 billion in 1999, a rise of 6.1 percent over the previous year.E.g. 1998年，中国全年海外游客入境人数6348万人次，比上年增长10.2%, 国际旅游收入达126亿美元, 增长4.4%。In 1998, China rec

29、eived 63.48 million tourists from overseas, up by 10.2 percent. Income of foreign exchange from tourism reached 12.6 million US dollars, up 4.4 percent.4) 增/减具体数字的英译也可用 “by” +具体数字来表示E.g. 我国水土流失面积每年以10,000平方公里的速度在扩大。目前，水土流失面积已达367万平方公里,占总土地面积将近38%。The area of soil erosion in China has been increasing

30、 by 10,000 square km. annually to 3.67 million square km. at present, accounting for nearly 38 percent of the total land area.E.g. 由于低温多雨的影响, 我国夏粮减产1460万吨。China's output of summer grain declined by 14.6 million tons due to low temperature and rainy days during the growing period.II. ExerciseList

31、ening Interpreting （Chinese-English）北京市统计局经济普查数据新闻发布会 (typescript) 孟春利：新闻发布会现在开始，各位朋友下午好，欢迎各位来参加北京市政府新闻办公室在北京奥组委新闻中心举办的这次发布会。过去一年在市委市政府的领导下，全市人民落实科学发展观，紧紧围绕新北京新奥运的构想，采取积极有效的措施，使全市经济建设实现持续快速的增长，城乡人民生活水平不断提高，城市建设日新月异，为了满足大家的信息需求，今天我们请到了北京市统计局副局长、新闻发言人于秀琴女士向大家介绍北京市2005年国民经济和社会发展情况暨第一次全国经济普查北京数据的修订情况，并回

32、答大家关心的问题，今天的新闻发布会大约一小时，下面请于局长给我们介绍情况。于秀琴：尊敬的新闻界的各位朋友大家好，按照经济普查后新的国民经济核算方法，国家统计局对全国省区市的GDP进统一核算和评估，1月20日审定后的国民发展数据正式反馈到北京统计局，下面我代表北京统计局、代表国家统计局、北京调查总队发布2005年暨“十五”时期全市经济社会发展的主要数据，统计公报将在1月24日北京日报、北京统计信息网全文登载，关于经济普查数据对历史数据进行调整的情况，在今天下午的北京统计信息网上我们也将全文向社会公告。下面我把主要数据向大家做汇报。二、三次产业稳定增长，结构调整取得进展。从第一产业看，粮食生产获得

33、丰收。自2004年以来，我市认真贯彻中央扶持农业生产的重要指示，全面取消了农业税、实施粮食直接补贴，全市粮食生产扭转了连续13年的下降的局面。2005年，粮食播种面积19.2万公顷三、宏观调控取得显著成效，投资结构有所改善。全市完成全社会固定资产投资2827.2亿元，比上年增长11.8%，增幅低于上年5.4个百分点。房地产投资比重有所下降。在宏观调控政策措施作用下，房地产开发投资增长大幅回落，2005年仅增长3.5%，回落19个百分点，影响全社会固定资产投资增幅回落10.5个百分点。房地产开发投资占全社会固定资产投资的比重由2004年的58.3%降为53.9%。与此同时，生产投资快速增长。全市

34、三次产业完成投资1302亿元，增长23.4%；占全社会固定资产投资的比重为46.1%，比上年上升4.4个百分点。投资向薄弱领域倾斜。一是基础设施投资快速增长。全年完成基础设施投资增长31.8%；二是农村投资较快增长。全市完成农村固定资产投资比上年增长了18.7%，三是生态涵养发展区投资增长加快。生态涵养发展区投资增长23.6%，高于全社会固定资产投资11.8个百分点，也比其他三个功能区的投资增速有较大提升。 “十五”期间，全社会固定资产投资累计达到10857.4亿元，相当于“九五”时期的2倍。五年间投资年均增长了17.7%，比“九五”时期提高了8.9个百分点。其中，房地产开发投资累计达到5974亿元，基础设施投资累计达到2260亿元，分别相当于“九五”时期的3倍和1.6倍。 四、消费市场热点扩散，结构升级趋势平稳。2