名词及主谓一致用法和练习

1、1第二讲.名词和主谓一致主语与谓语在人称、数上取得一致的情况：1.主语为单数第三人称时，谓语要变单数，即加“S”女口：reads, sits注意特例：（1）-s, -ss, -o, -x, -sh, -ch吉尾的词要力卩 一es女口：misses kisses does, fixes, brushes astonishes scratches（2）元音字母+y结尾+s；辅音字母+y结尾，要变成辅音字母+ies；女口：says sprays, delays, flies,studies（3）fe, f结尾的词尾要变成 一ves女口：strife（争吵），stuff（填塞），puff（喘气），名词

2、的变化（1）名词的数1）可数名词的复数形式类别多数情况规则少数情况不规则多数可数名词力卩一s,女口：eggeggsbikebike sfilmfilm stesttest schildchild renoxoxe n；foot-feet；tooth-t eeth；mousemice；lousel i ce；crisiscris es；basisbases；emphasis-emphases,thesis-theses, analysisanalyses；mediummedia；datumdata；phenomenon-phenomena； bacteriumbacteria, criterio

3、ncriteria以s, x, ch, sh结尾的可数名 词加一es,女口：glass-glass esfox-fox es；churchchurch es;watch-watch esbush-bushes词尾ch发k音时，加-s构成复数名词，如：stomachs以“辅音字母+y”结尾的可数 名词变“y”为“i”再 加“es”女口：babybabies abilityabilit ies以“元音字母+Y”结尾的可 数名词加一s,女口：monkey- monkeysKeykeys；boyboys2以“0”结尾的可数名词力卩一es,女口：herohero esPotatopotato estom

4、atotomatoes1.力卩一s,女口：auto, photo,memo, kilo, shampoo, radio,zoo, piano.2.力卩一s或es,女口：buffalobuffalo (e)s volcanovolcano (e)scargocargo (e)s以“f”或“fe”结尾的 可数名词变“f” 或 “fe” 为 “v”再加“es”,如:lifeliv es；leafleaves1.加一s,如:serf, chief, gulf,roof, cuff, cliff, proof, safe,belief, reliefcuff2.力卩-s或变“f”或“fe” 为“v”加“

5、es”皆可,女口：scarfscarf s (scar ves) han dkerchiefhandkerchief s(handkerchie ves)2）既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词有些名词属兼类名词，作可数名词时表示具体事物，作不可数名词时表 抽象概念。- Tom rented a single room to prepare for the coming exam._(room为可数名词）汤姆租了一个单人间准备即将到来的考试。-Your essay is wellwritten as a whole, yet there is still someroom for improv

6、eme nt.（room为不可数名词）虽然你的文章写得不错，但还有需要改进的余地。这样的名词有：experie nee（可数为“经历”，不可数为“经验”）；beauty（可数为“美人”，不可数为“美”）；office（可数为“办公室”，不可数为“公职”）；success（可数为“成功的人/物”，不可数为“成功”）；judgment（可数为“判决”，不可数为“判断”）；security（可数为“证券”，不可数 为“安全”）等。3）复合名词复数形式的特殊情况3一般说来，以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式，如：homework,su nlight;以可数名词结尾的复合名词只将其中的主体名词变为相应

7、的复数，女口：bedrooms, bookshelves, housewives, fathers-in-law。此外，我们还需留意复合名词复数形式的如下特殊情况：类别复数形式基数词+名词（+形容词）其中名词一律用单数，如：aten-year-old girl;a 200milelong road；a five-foot-high boy以man, woman, gentleman等为修饰词的复合名词其中所有名词都用复数，如：menserva nts;wome nreporters;gentlemen drivers。但是，要说girl(boy)students，以及Germans, huma

8、ns,Romans, Normans少数复合名词：可数名词+介词 （短语）动词/ed分词+副词 动词-ing形式+副词名词后力廿-s，女口comrades-in-arms;passers-by词尾力廿-s，如：take-offs; go-betweens动词-ing形式后加-s，如：comings-in2.Every/ Each + (单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词)+单数谓语Every man and woman in this societyieedscare.Each boy and each girl hereworks hard.No+(单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词

9、)+单数谓语No teacheror student in this schools allowed to disobey the rules. No teacherandno student in this schooils allowed to disobey the rules.2.集合名词作主语的三种情况a)有些集合名词作主语，谓语只能用单数形式furniture, equipment, jewellery, scenery, clothing, bedding,(2)有些集合名词作主语，谓语只能用复数形式people, folk, police, cattle, militia, p

10、oultry, mankind-(3)有些集合名词作主语，看作整体谓语只能用单数形式，看作全体成员， 谓语需用复数形式。team, club, family, class, audience, group, committee, government, cabinet,board, couple, army, jury, party, staff, faculty, personnel, union,4public,The governmenthas made a decision to eliminate drug-abusing.The governmentare arguing abou

11、t the passing of a new law.The family has lived here for 50 years.The family are going abroad for a holiday.4.由both and连接的两个名词或代词， 谓语用复数， 但是，由either or，neither nor，or，not only but also连接的两个名词或代词，或在There be，Here be的倒装句型中，谓语的单复数取决于临近主语。Either you or she isneeded to help paint the room.Have neither you

12、 nor he been to Tibet?Not only the students but also theitreacheris going to see this new film. There is aschool and some supermarkets nearby.5.两个名词或代词由一些词(组)相连接，如as well as, together/ along with, carrying,supported by, accompanied by, besides, apart from, in addition to, but, except,(un)like, no le

13、ss than, other than等，谓语需与第一个名/代词取 得一致。Jane, unlike her sisters,doesntlike dancing.The teacher, in addition to the studentsh, as seen this film.Tom, no less than Tim, is a promising student.An old woman, supported by two young pioneers, is crossing the street. The club,other than the chairman, are in

14、 favor of the plan.6.表示部分数量的词(组)of名词 谓语结构中，谓语的单复数取决于 名词：名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式， 谓语用单数； 名词为可 数名词的复数形式， 谓语用复数。All of the work is done.All of the studentsare here.The whole of the birthdaycake hasbeen eaten.The whole of themuffins havebeen eaten.None of the coffeeis left.None of the telephoneswork/ works.N

15、one of these graduatesare/isfrom parentsfamilies.None of themare qualified workers.7.What引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数，但若表语中出现复数 名词，则谓语要用复数，以与表语取得一致。What he said is right.What the teacher says and doehsas effect on his students.What the teacher says and doedsontagree (with each other).What he bought were two

16、 balls.What they need badlyare creative writers.What I have said and donehave nothing to do with you.What is real to him are the details of his life.其他名词性从句作主语，用单数谓语Whether he will pass the tesits still unknown.How he succeededremains a secret.Who are going to visit Mr. Smithis undecided.8.单个动词不定式或动

17、名词作主语，谓语用单数。To seeis to believe/Seeing isbelieving.To plan in advanceis a good thing.5For him to finish the task in half an houris a challenge.Playing with fire is a dangerous thing.Her often cominglate annoyed the director.两个动词不定式或动名词作主语，若指 两类事物，谓语用 复数；但若指某 一 事物的 两个方面，则谓语应用 单数。To listening to music

18、 and to watch TVare my favorite things.Early to bed and early to riseis beneficial to health.Reading novels and solving problemasre two different things. Weeping and cryingdoes nothing towards settling the problem.9.a number/ variety of +复数名词 复数谓语the number/ variety of +复数名词 单 数谓语A number of the stu

19、dents here are from key schools.The number of the students attending evening schools is on the rise.A variety of new goods are on display.The variety of goods on sale in that store is surprising.10.用and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指同一个人或事物时，用单数谓语。A scientist and poeits going to give us a lecture tomorrow.My neighbo

20、r and colleagueis watering the flowers.The partner and manager has warned us not to be lazy.War and peace is a constant theme in history.Whisky and sodais always his favorite drink.此外，a knife and folk, a collar and tie, a needle and thread, a cup and saucer, a cartand horse,也通常被看作整体，谓语用单数。A needle a

21、nd threadis needed to mend the coat. An additional knife and fork wasbought for the dinner.11. the +一类形容词/分词 用来表示类比，谓语用复数The rich/ poor/ young/ old/ aged/ injured/ wounded/ unknown/ elderly/ sick/ignorant/ seeing/ blind/ living/ dead/ disabled/- +复数谓语After theearthquakes,the buried were rescued andt

22、he lost werefound.12. Many a +单数名词单数谓语More than one +单数名词单数谓语Many a policeman has devoted his life to the order of our society. More than onestudent here was injured in the accident yesterday. There is more than one answerto this question.One and a half +复数名词单数谓语Look! One and a half bananas is on th

23、e floor.13. one of +复数名词定语从句中的 复数谓语（表共性）the （only） one of +复数名词定语从句中的 单数谓语 （表个性）Tom is one of theten boys here whloike football.（表共性）Tom is the （only） one of the ten boys here whdoislikestennis.（表共性）6.7.614.定语从句中谓语的单复数取决于其先行词He, who is lazy in study, wontsucceed easily.I , who am your friend, will h

24、elp you when you are in trouble.15.以ics结尾的名词作主语，指学科，用单数谓语；若转义指具体活动，则 用复数谓语Mathematics数学，（单数谓语）-计算能力，（复数谓语）Politics政治学，（单数谓语）-政治手腕，（复数谓语）Economics经济学，（单数谓语）-经济形势，（复数谓语）Statistics统计学，（单数谓语）-统计数字，（复数谓语）16由两个一半组成的物体， 应用pair来计数， 若无pair， 则用复数谓语trousers, pants, jeans,shorts, shoes,sleepers, boots, gloves,

25、glasses,scales, tongs, scissors, socks,stockings,This pair of trousersis expensive.Here trousersare new today.Another pair of sunglasses was shown her/ to the customer.17.单复同形的名词作主语，其谓语的单复数要根据这些名词在句中的意思而定始终用复数形式的词：means, series, species, bellows, headquarters,始终用单数形式的词：sheep, aircraft, deer, shark,

26、fish（同种鱼）This meansis really effective.（一种手段）His meanshave been used up.（多种手段）Her means are small.（经济能力，财富）18. the rest, the following,其谓语的单复数要根据这些词在句中的意思而定A third of the work was done yesterday, and the rest is to be finished tomorrow.A third of the studentswere invited to the party yesterday, andt

27、he rest were told toreview their lessons at school.The following is my answer The following are my suggestions主谓一致语法练习题Neither Jane nor her brothers_a consent form for tomorrows field trip.A. n eed* B. n eedsC. is n eedi ngD.1.Ten perce nt of the workers in this city_now on strike.A. isB. are*C. is

28、to be2.The growth of part-time and flexible patter n, and of training and retaimore wome n to take adva ntage of employme ntopport un ities.A. allowB.allows*C. allowi ng3. These statisticsD. are to bening schemes4.5.A.are*B.isMathematics as well as physics always _A. has caused B.are caus ingNot onl

29、y you and I but Peter, the topproblem.A. areB. werePlenty of fruits, eggs, and vegetables_A. are* B. isD. have allowedman ageable un its for measuri ng dista nces with in the solar system.D. is to beC. have_me a lot of headaches.C. causestudent in our grade, _D. causes*not able to solve theC. is*n e

30、eded for health.C. is bei ngD. amD.havehas n eed78.What the man said un der the oath_by several other wit nesses.A. was questi on ed*B. were questio nedC. questio nedD.be questi oned9.The gover nment_hop ing to make their findings known soon.A. isB. has bee nC. are*D. be10.Today there_a nu mber of t

31、eleph one calls from the applica nts for the positi on.A.have bee n*B.is hav ingC.has bee nD. are to have11.To listen to fine music and to have stimulatingconversation with good friends_two pleasures in life.A. isB. are*C. wasD. has bee n12. Of particular in terest to visitors_the large nu mber of b

32、ook stores that sell books indiffere nt Ian guages.A. have bee n B. areC. is*D. were13.Many species of ani mals which once lived on the earth_no Ion ger in existe nee.A. isB. are*C. wasD. were14.How close pare nts are to their childre n_a stro ng in flue nee on the character of thechildre n.A. have

33、B. has*C. havi ngD. to have15.Not on ly the whole n ati on, but the whole Europe, in deed the whole huma n society,_toalter its attitude to racial problems.A. n eed B. n eeds*C. has n eedD. have a n eed16.All the data_once and again, still there are a lot of mistakes.A. has bee n checked B. have bee

34、 n checked*C. has bee n checked D. is checked17.It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses the tools that_A. make him a scie ntistB. makes him to be a scie ntistC. make him to be scie ntistD. makes him a scie ntist*18.The play writer and director_promised to atte nd our tea-party.A. have B

35、. has*C. areD. is19.The premier and the Foreig n Mini ster_prese nt at the state banq uet last ni ght.A. are B. wasC. were *D. had a20.To bala nee the budget and to provide jobs_two goals of the elected official.A. is going to B. is C. becomesD. are*21.Every means_tried but without much result.A. ha

36、s bee n* B. have bee n C. are D. is22.Nobody but Smith and Joh n_in the lab yesterday.A. are B. had bee n C. were23.Half of the audie nee_foreig ners.A. was B. were*C. had bee nD. was*D.has bee n824.Hard work and main livi ng_characteristics of the worki ng peo ple.A. isB.has bee nC. wereD. are*25.I

37、n the room_a big table and a great many chairs.A. do they find B. is foundC. are found* D. have found26._一Another three weeksnecessary for us to finish the work.A. are B. wasC. is*D. will have bee n27.He is the on ly one of the brightest stude nts who_from New York Un iversity.A. is graduated B. hav

38、e graduated C. has graduated* D. aregraduated28.Here is a message of importa nee to every man and woma n who_A. votes* B. voteC. have votedD. is voted29.Neither of the young men who had applied for positi on in the university_.A. has bee n acceptedB.have bee n acceptedC. was accepted*D. were accepte

39、d30.That men have lear ned much from the behavior of ani mals_hardly n ew.A. is*B. isntC. bei ngD. will be31.What they have done_useful to the people.A. are con sideredB. is con sidered*C. have bee n con sideredD. will be con sidered32.Every policema n and firema n_on the alert.A. have bee n B. was*

40、C. areD. were33.There_n ever bee n hard feeli ngs betwee n the families livi ng on this block.A. has B. have*C. isD. were34.The lin ebacker and capta in of the team_most valuable player.A. have bee n selected B. has bee n selected* C. have selected D. has selected35.The n ati on wants peace; only a

41、min ority_the war to continue.A. want*B. wantsC. wan tedD. has wan ted36.It was you, not I, who_too much depe ndent on medic ine and n ever did exercise.A. were B. are *C. wasD. am37.Whether or not the new pla n will yield any positive results _to be see n.A. remai n B. is rema ined C. remai ns*D. h

42、ave rema ined38.With the rising of peoples standard of living, cosmetics_a favorite topic,especially among wome n.A. has become B. becomesC. become D. have become*39._either he or his acco untants going to claim for the loss?A. Are B. WereC. Is*D. Does40.There_not only the earth but also eight other

43、 pla nets in the solar system.A. are B. wereC. is*D. was941.There_one or two things that I have to men ti on.A. is* B. areC. hasD. have42.He is one of those speakers who ideas perfectly clear.A. make hisB. makes her C. make their*D. make on es43.Ten minu tes_an hour whe n one is wait ing for a phone

44、 call.A. seemedB. is seem ing C. seemD. seems*44._ The first part of the lecture wasin terest ing but the rest_.A. was dull*B. were dullC. had been dull45.The committee_among themselves for four hours.A. has bee n arguingB. has bee n arguedC. have bee n arguing*D. have bee n argued46.Either your tea

45、cher or you_mistake n.A. are* B. isC. hasD. be47.Not only I but also Tom and Mary_fond of watch ing televisi on.A. amB. isC. are*D. beD. were to dull1048.It is said that in the Un ited States, over 30_spe nt on advertiseme nt each year.A.billio n dollars isB.billi on dollars are*C.billio n dollar isD.billio ns of dollars are49.Each one of us who_now livi ng in this city is dest ined to wit ness the remarkableOlympic Games.A. isB. wereC. has bee nD. are*50.What_used as chief buildi ng materials today_steel and con crete.There is always a possibility that the in fect