与森林相关的词汇及对照英文翻译

1、森林forest2006年6月13日16:45出处：FanE翻译中国词汇由：tradoser 提供森林 forest原始林virginforest次生林sec on dary forest天然林n aturalforest人工林forestplantation,man-made forest速生丰产林 fast-growi ng and high-yieldpla ntati on乔林high forest中林composite forest矮林coppice forest针叶林coni ferous forest阔叶林broad leaved forest落叶阔叶林deciduousbroa

2、dleavedforest常绿阔叶林evergree nbroadleavedforest热带雨林tropicalrain forest红树林man grove forest林种 forest category用材林timber forest防护林protectio nforest经济林non-timberproduct forest培育木材以外的其它林产品为主的森林薪炭林 firewood forest, fuelwood forest能源林 energy forest特种用途林 forest for special use 风景林 amenity forest纯林 pure forest混

3、交林 mixed forest同龄林 evenaged forest异龄林 uneven aged forest单层林分 uniform stand复层林分 multi-storied stand树木学dendrology树木生理学treephysiology森林气象学forestmeteorology森林土壤学forestsoil science森林生物学forestbiology森林生态学forestecology林业经济学foresteconomics森林遗传学forestgenetics林木育种学foresttree improvement森林培育学又称silviculture“造林学

4、” .forest tree林学 forest science, forestrybreeding森林病理学forestpathology森林昆虫学forestentomology森林测计学又称forest“测树学”mensuration森林经理学forestmanagement林业史forestryhistory水土保持学soiland water conservation园林学landscapearchitecture木材学wood science, wood technology森林利用学forestutilization林业工程学forestengineering木材加工学woodpr

5、ocessingforest products林产化学加工学 chemical processing of林业 forestry森林资源forestresources森林覆盖率forestcoverage, percentage森林效益foresteffect乡村林业r. r> > * r. r. rrruralforestry城市林业urbanforestry粗放林业extensive forestry集约林业intensive forestryof forest cover森林工业forest industry森林经营forest management林业政策forest po

6、licy林业经济forest economy林业法规forestry regulation森林生态系统 forest ecosystem生物地理群落 biogeocoenosis农林复合生态系统 integral agroforestry ecosystem森林物质循环 mineral cycling in forest, material cycling in forest森林能量平衡 energy equilibrium in forest林分 stand林分组成stand composition林龄 stand age林分起源origin of stand林相 forest form林分

7、密度stand density郁闭度crown density森林环境forest environment立地 site立地类型site type喜光树种intolerant tree species4 / 16曾用名“阳性树种”耐荫树种shade-toleranttreespecies喜温树种thermophiloustreespecies耐寒树种winter hardytreespecies旱生树种xerophilous tree species湿生树种hygrophilous treespecies中生树种mesophilous treespecies森林气候forest climate

8、冻拔frost heaving冻裂frost cleft, frostcracking林冠层forest canopy森林水文forest hydrology树冠截留crown interception干流stemflow冠淋crown wash透冠雨throughfall淋失leaching森林土壤forest soil枯枝落叶层 litter死地被物forest floor又称“林褥”森林腐殖质forest humus粗腐殖质raw humus, mor细腐殖质mild humus, mull改良土壤树种 soil improving tree species化感作用又称“allelopa

9、thy 异种克生” .互惠共生mutualistic symbiosis森林群落forest community林型 forest type林分结构stand structure复层混交林stratified mixed stand主林层 main storey次林层 substorey乔木层 tree stratum下木层 undergrowth活地被物层ground vegetation优势树种dominant tree species亚优势树种subdominant tree species伴生树种associated tree species乡土树种indigenous tree sp

10、ecies, native tree species先锋树种pioneer tree species地带性顶极zonal climax, primary climax非地带性顶极 azonal climax森林线又称forest line, forest limit “森林界限” .树木线timber line又称“树木界限” .林木改良forest tree improvement林木选择selection of tree精选树elite tree正号树plus tree优树 superior tree优良林分superior stand, superior plantation林木引种in

11、troduction of exotic species树木育种tree breeding母树林seed production stand种子园seed orchard无性系种子园 clonal seed orchard实生苗种子园 seedling seed orchard去劣种子园rogued seed orchard 种子 原产地provenance, seed source又称“种源” .产地试验 provenance trial 又称“种源试验” .trial局部分布区产地试验 limited range provenance全分布区产地试验 wide range provenanc

12、e trial子代测定progeny test无性系测定clonal test优树采集区clonal archive采穗圃cutting orchard种子区seed zone育种区breeding zone造林 forestation人工更新artificial reforestation 无林地 造林afforestation四旁植树 four-side tree planting 指路旁、水旁、村旁、宅旁的植树林木种子forest tree seed母树seed tree采种seed collection种实调制seed processing种子贮藏seed storage种子层积 催芽

13、seed stratification种子检验seed testing, seed quality examination种子证明书 seed certification森林苗圃forest nursery固定苗圃permanent nursery8 / 16临时苗圃 temporary nursery苗木 nursery stock, planting stock播种苗 tree seedling 又称“实生苗” .野生苗 wildling苗床 seedbed床作 bedding culture垅作ridge culture撒播 broadcast sowing条播strip sowing,

14、 drill sowing带播beltsowing点播spotsowing覆盖mulching上方遮荫 overhead shading侧方遮荫 side shading营养繁殖苗 planting stock by vegetative propagation 移植苗 transplant裸根苗 bareroot seedling容器苗 container seedling苗木出圃 outplanting起苗 lifting of seedlings假植 heel in苗木贮藏seedling storage苗木分级seedling sorting苗木包装seedling packing造林

15、地planting site, planted land宜林地suitable land for forest造林区划silvicultural regionalization立地评价site evaluation立地分类site classification造林调查设计 plantation survey and project树种选择choice of tree species适地适树matching species with the site造林密度planting density种植点配置spacing of planting spots, spacing of seeding spo

16、ts行状配置strip spacing群状配置group spacing人工混交林mixture plantation混交类型type of mixture混交方法pattern of mixture造林地整地site preparation, soil preparation造林地清理site preparation整地方法method of soil preparation全面整地overall soilpreparation局部整地partial soilpreparation带状整地strip soilpreparation块状整地spot soil preparation造林方法me

17、thod of forestation播种造林又称seeding,direct “直播造林” .seeding飞机播种简称air seeding, “飞播” .aerial seeding植苗造林tree planting分殖造林planting byvegetative propagation插条造林planting bycuttings埋条造林又称planting by “埋干造林” .layerings分根造林planting byrootcuttings分蘖造林planting bytillers穴植法hole planting缝植法slit planting,planting in

18、notches楔形栽植wedge planting丛植 bunch planting带土栽植ball planting植树锹 planting bar造林季节plantingseason幼林抚育tendingafter youngplantation幼林检查checkingof youngplantation造林成活率survivalrate造林保存率survivalrate ofplantation补植 reinforcementplanting抚育采伐intermediate cutting透光伐cleaning, release cutting疏伐 thinning卫生伐sanitati

19、on cutting拯救伐salvage cutting解放伐liberation cutting自然分化natural differentiation自然稀疏self thinning林木分级tree classification克拉夫特分级法 Kraft's tree classification优势木dominant tree亚优势木codominant tree中等木intermediate tree被压木suppressed tree死亡木dead tree下层疏伐low thinning, thinning from below上层疏伐crown thinning, thi

20、nning from above机械疏伐mechanical thinning综合疏伐combined method of thinning化学透光伐 chemical cleaning疏伐强度thinning intensity林分密度控制图 stand density controldiagram定量疏伐quantitative thinning修枝prunning修干枝dry prunning修活枝green prunning除蘖tiller cutting垦复improvement of stand condition指深松土、压青、修枝、除蘖等综合抚育 , 主要用于经济林 .森林作业

21、法silviculturalsystem主伐 harvest cutting,final felling主伐方式system ofcuttings皆伐 clear cutting大面积皆伐large area clearcutting带状皆伐clearcuttingin strips小块状皆伐clearcuttingin patches择 extensive selection cuttin渐伐 shelterwood cutting曾用名“伞伐” .预备伐preparatory cutting下种伐seed cutting受光伐light cutting后伐removal cutting均匀

22、渐伐uniform shelterwood cutting带状渐伐strip-shelterwoodcutting块状渐伐group-shelterwoodcutting择伐selection cutting经伐 management selection营cutting, intensiveselection cutting级 diameter limit selection cutting,g群状择伐group-selectioncutting森林种子更新forest regenerationfrom seeds森林无性更新vegetativeforestregeneration萌芽更新regenerationfrom sprouts根蘖更新regenerationfrom rootsuckers矮林作业coppice method中林作业coppice withstandardmethod头木作业pollard me