数控加工工艺及编写程序说明书

1、1.11.111.211.331.441.541.652.72.1.72.1.1. 72.1.2.72.1.3.82.282.2.1.82.2.2.82.2.3.82.3.93.174.17数控车削加工工艺1.1、零件图纸分析如图所示，该零件图为数控车削的轴类零件，该零件需加工内容有车端面、外圆、倒角、圆弧、螺纹、槽、退刀槽，其中多个直径有较严的尺寸精度和表面粗糙度等要求；该零件直径变化不大， 尺寸标注完整，轮廓描述清楚；零件材料为45 钢，无热处理要求和硬度要求；生产纲领为小批量。通过上述分析，采取以下几点工艺措施：对于该零件上右端起 70mm 有精度和公差要求的尺寸，采用一次装夹完成加工；

2、分两次装夹加工；毛坯选 48mm 棒料。1.2、确定装夹方案一次装夹：左端采用三爪自定心卡盘定心夹紧；图一二次装夹因为加工好的表面精度高， 故在装夹时要用铜皮包裹然后装夹。图二1.3、确定加工顺序及进给路线加工顺序按由粗到精、 先近后远原则确定。 所谓先精后粗是指按照粗车半精车精车的顺序进行，逐步提高加工精度。这里所说的远与近， 是按加工部位相对于对刀点的距离大小而言的。在一般情况下，离对刀点的部位后加工， 以便缩短刀具移动距离，减少空行程时间。 对于车削而言， 先近后远还有利于保持坯件或半成品的刚性，改善切削条件。（ 1）建立工件坐标系原点均定于工件右端面的中心。（ 2）拟定工艺路线1、下料

3、 48x100 的棒料 ;2、光端面 ;3、粗车外轮廓，如图一所示，留精加工余量1mm;4、精车外轮廓，至图纸指定尺寸;5、切两个槽 10x7.5mm;6、掉头装夹，如图二所示；7、光端面；8、粗车外轮廓，留精加工余量为1mm；9、精车外轮廓，至图纸要求尺寸；10、车倒角 2x450 ；11、切退刀槽 6x2；12、车螺纹。(3)走刀路线一次装夹：光端面车倒角车外圆切槽二次装夹：光端面车倒角车外圆切槽车螺纹1.4、选择刀具及机床1外圆、倒角、顺圆弧选用高速钢主偏角为 900 ，负偏角为 350 的外圆车刀加工，装在第一刀架位 (T0101)；2切槽选用宽度为6mm 的槽刀，分别装在第二刀架位(

4、T0202)；3车螺纹选用高速钢 600 外螺纹车刀，无刀尖半径，装在第三刀架位 (T0303)。4经查资料，选用CK7150A 型数车床，系统为FANUC 0i 。1.5、选取切削用量（1）背吃刀量 粗车循环时，其背吃刀量 ap=2mm;半精车时ap=0.5mm；精车 ap=0.25mm。（2）主轴转速1粗车时，查表确定主轴转速为 n=900r/min ，精加工时主轴转速n=1500r/min,车螺纹的主轴转速，根据主轴转速公式计算，取主轴转速 n=320r/min。（3）进给速度粗车时，选取进给速度F=0.3mm/r,精车时取进给速度 F=0.1mm/r。根据相关公式计算得，粗车时，进给速

5、度为120mm/min，精车时进给速度为90mm/min。车螺纹时，进给速度等于螺纹导程 2mm/r。1.6、编写程序第一次装夹：O1701;N10 G98S900M03T0101;N140 X44.98;N20G00X50Z-1;N150Z-71;N30 G01X0F120M07;N160 G70P70Q150;N40 G01X50Z3F300;N170 G00X100Z100;N50 G71U2R1;N180 T0202;N60N190 G00X50Z-40;G71P70Q150U1W0F90S1500;N200 G01X29.05F120;N70 G01X25.98Z0F120;N210

6、 X50F300;N80X29.98Z-2;N220Z-44;N90Z-13;N230X29.05F120;N100G02X33.98Z-15R2;N240X50F300;N110G01X35.98;N250Z-55;N120X39.98Z-17;N260X29.05F120;N130Z-35;N270X50F300;N280 Z-59;N310G00X100Z100;N290 X29.05F120;N320M30;N300 X50F300M09;第二次装夹：O1702;N10 G98S900M03T0101;N130 G00X50Z-22;N20 G00X50Z-1;N140 G01X30F

7、120;N30 G01X0F120M07;N150 X50F300;N40 G01X50Z4F300;N160 G00X100Z100;N50 G701U2R1;N170 T0303;N60 G71P70Q90U1W0F90S1500;N180 G00X32Z4;N70 G01X26Z0;N190 G92X29Z-24F2;N80 X30Z-2;N200X28.4;N90 Z-28;N210X27.9;N100 G70P70Q90;N220 X27.8;N110 G00X100Z100;N230 G00X100Z100M09;N120 T0202;N240 M30;数控铣床加工工艺一、零件图样

8、工艺分析2.1.1、数控铣削加工内容的选择如图所示，该零件为一槽轮板，加工内容包括所有平面和由直线和圆弧组成的内外轮廓。2.1.2、零件结构工艺性分析该零件尺寸标注完整，清晰。经查表，两凹槽间的距离加工精度等级为 IT8，凹槽的宽度加工精度为IT10；70 mm 圆加工精度为IT12，宽度间加工精度等级为IT10；同时，槽还有对称度要求均为0.04mm，标注基准是对称轴线，此外，零件的表面粗糙度除需挖槽铣削的平面为6.3 m 外，个表面均为 3.2 m，故该零件的表面为重要加工面。2.1.3、零件毛坯的工艺性分析根据图纸要求，选取85x85x25 的板料为毛坯，材料为45 钢，切削性能良好。二

9、、制定机械加工工艺方案2.2.1、确定生产类型零件数量为 1 件，属于单件小批量生产。2.2.2、拟定工艺路线（1）确定工件的定位基准。以工件四个侧面为定位基准。（2）选择加工方法。该零件的加工表面为平面、内外轮廓，加工表面的最高加工等级精度为IT8，表面粗糙度为3.2。采用加工方法为粗铣、半精铣、精铣。（3）拟定工艺路线。1 按 85x85x25 下料。2 在普通铣床上铣削6 个面，保证 80x80x20。3 去毛刺。4 在数控铣床上铣凸台和直方槽。5 去毛刺。6 检验。7 涂油入库。2.2.3、设计数控铣削加工工艺（1）选择加工设备。选用大连生产的DL715A 型铣床，系统为FANUC 0

10、i.（2）选择工艺装备。1该零件采用平口虎钳定位夹紧。2刀具选择如下：20 的硬质合金立铣刀：粗铣、半精铣、精铣6 个基准面。4 的硬质合金立铣刀：粗铣、半精铣、精铣凸台和直方槽。3量具选择如下： 分度头、量程为 150mm，分度值为0.02mm的游标卡尺。（3）确定工步和走刀路线确定工步如下：粗铣、半精铣、精铣六个面；粗铣、半精铣、精铣凸台圆槽。（4）确定切削用量切削用量根据工件材料、 刀具材料及图样要求选取。 数控粗铣、精铣的各个工步所用铣刀直径相同，加工余量和表面粗糙度也相同，故可选择相同的切削用量。零件材料为 45 钢属一般材料，切削加工性好。查表得粗铣时主轴转速取 n=800r/mi

11、n，进给速度 F=120mm/min；精铣时主轴转速 n=1500r/min，进给速度 F=180mm/min。三、编程N100 G0 G17 G40X1.4 Y-34.6F500.G49 G80 G90N108 Z50.N116 Y-25.6N102G91G28 Z0.N110Z10.N118X1.043 Y-24.4N104S1500 M3N112G1 Z-5. F180.N120X.317 Y-23.8N106 G0 G90 G54N114 X1.2 Y-34.N122 X-.317N124X-.665 Y-24.N166X29.619Y-25.6R38.N126X-1.133 Y-24

12、.6N168X26.947Y-28.N206G1X37.N128X-1.2 Y-33.N170X24.62 Y-31.N208Y-8.66N130X-1.4 Y-34.6N172X23.141Y-33.8N210G2X34.674N132X-4. Y-37.N174X22.237Y-34.6Y-15.548 R38.N134X4.N176X31.692Y-34.4N212G1X34.161N136Y-25.N178X34.4Y-16.692N138G3 X-4. R4.N180X34.2 Y-33.6N214X32.985N140G1 Y-37.N182Y-20.2Y-17.131N142G0

13、 Z50.N184X34.6 Y-19.N216G3X17.131N144X28.6 Y-29.6N186X33.74 Y-19.8Y-32.985 R26.999N146Z10.N188X30.784Y-21.2N218G1X16.692N148G1 Z-5. F180.N190X27.22 Y-23.6Y-34.161N150X28.372 Y-31.N192X24.29 Y-26.4N220G0Z50.F500.N194X21.776Y-29.8N222X27.443 Y-1.4N152X28.106 Y-31.4N196X19.893Y-33.6N224Z10.N154X27.059

14、Y-32.N198X19.084Y-34.4N226G1Z-5. F180.N156X28.4 Y-31.8N200X16.692N228X27.433 Y-1.6N158X31.2 Y-33.4Y-34.161F500.N160Y-25.6N202X15.548N230X31.576N162X31.6 Y-23.6Y-34.674N232X34.4 Y-1.4N164X31.104 Y-24.6N204G2 X8.66 Y-37.N234X34.2 Y-.2N236X34.4 Y1.4N274X24.378N302X29.665N238X24.683 Y1.2Y31.46Y21.86N240

15、X24.335 Y1.N276X25.422N304X33.589N242X23.8 Y.2Y29.86Y19.86N244X23.957 Y-.6N278X27.877N306X34.444N246X24.683 Y-1.2Y27.06Y19.06N248X25. Y-4.N280X31.199N308X34.161N250X37.Y24.46Y16.692N252Y4.N282X31.6 Y23.66N310X34.674N254X25.N284X34.6 Y19.06Y15.548N256G3 Y-4. R4.N286X34.2 Y19.86N312G2 X37. Y8.66N258 G

16、0 Z50.N288 Y32.86R38.N260 X28.859N290 X34.4 Y34.46N314 G1 Y37.Y29.46N292X19.051N316X8.66N262 Z10.N294 X19.792N318 G2 X15.548N264G1 Z-5. F180.Y33.86Y34.674R38.N266 X31.2 Y24.66N296 X21.058N320 G1 X16.692F500.Y31.06Y34.161N268Y30.06N298X23.409N322X17.131N270X31.4 Y31.66Y27.46Y32.985N272 X23.627N300 X2

17、6.208N324 G3 X32.985Y31.86Y24.46Y17.131R26.999N326G1X34.161N366X-28.88Y23.46Y16.692Y29.26N396X-24.413N328G0Z50.N368Z10.Y26.26N330X.317 Y23.8N370G1 Z-5. F180.N398X-21.739N332Z10.N372X-31.024Y29.86N334G1Z-5. F180.Y24.66 F500.N400X-19.869N336X.665 Y24.N374X-29.809Y33.66F500.Y25.46N402X-19.051N338X1.133

18、 Y24.6N376X-27.083Y34.46N340X1.2 Y32.8Y27.86N404X-34.4N342X1.4 Y34.4N378X-24.585N406X-34.2 Y33.66N344X-1.4Y31.06N408Y20.26N346X-1.2 Y33.8N380X-23.587N410X-34.6 Y19.06N348Y25.6Y31.66N412X-34.161N350X-1.043 Y24.4N382X-31.4Y16.692N352X-.317 Y23.8N384X-31.2 Y31.06N414X-32.985N354X-4. Y25.N386Y24.86Y17.1

19、31N356G3X4. R4.N388X-31.6 Y23.66N416G3 X-17.131N358G1Y37.N390X-34.1 Y19.66Y32.985 R26.999N360X-4.N392X-31.039N418G1 X-16.692N362Y25.Y21.06Y34.161N364G0Z50.N394X-27.395N420X-15.548Y34.674N456X-34.2 Y0.Y-29.8N422G2X-8.66 Y37.N458X-34.4 Y-1.6N492X-27.94 Y-27.R38.N460X-37. Y-4.N494X-30.489 Y-25.N424G1X-

20、37.N462X-25.N496X-31.6 Y-23.8N426Y8.66N464G3 Y4. R4.N498X-31.2 Y-24.6N428G2X-34.674N466G1 X-37.N500X-31.255Y15.548 R38.N468Y-4.Y-33.6N430G1X-34.161N470G0 Z50.N502X-31.692Y16.692N472X-27.752Y-34.6N432G0Z50.Y-31.8N504X-22.139N434X-28.308 Y-1.4N474Z10.N506X-18.962N436Z10.N476G1 Z-5. F180.N508X-19.739 Y

21、-34.N438G1Z-5. F180.N478X-28.052N510X-21.09 Y-31.N440X-31.692 Y-1.6Y-31.4 F500.N512X-23.456F500.N480X-28.624Y-27.4N442X-28.233Y-29.4N514X-26.275N444X-25.6 Y-1.4N482X-28.449 Y-32.Y-24.4N446X-24.335 Y-1.N484X-26.999N516X-29.762N448X-23.8 Y-.2Y-32.2Y-21.8N450X-23.957 Y.6N486X-23.029 Y-34.N518X-33.74 Y-

22、19.8N452X-24.683 Y1.2N488X-23.48 Y-33.N520X-34.6 Y-19.N454X-34.4 Y1.4N490X-25.467N522X-34.2 Y-20.N524Y-33.N554G1Z-5. F180.Y-15.138N526X-34.4 Y-34.6N556X38. F500.N588G2X-36.252N528X-37. Y-37.N558Y38.Y-7.4 R37.N530X-8.66N560X-38.N590G1X-36.742N532G2X-15.548N562Y-38.Y-5.Y-34.674 R38.N564G0Z50.N592X-25.

23、N534G1X-16.692N566X-5. Y-25.N594G3Y5. R5.Y-34.161N568Z10.N596G1X-36.742N536X-17.131N570G1Z-5. F180.N598X-36.252 Y7.4Y-32.985N572Y-36.742 F500.N600G2X-33.761N538G3X-32.985N574X-7.4 Y-36.252Y15.138 R37.Y-17.131 R26.999N576G2X-15.138N602G1X-33.419N540G1X-34.161Y-33.761 R37.Y15.902Y-16.692N578G1X-15.902

24、N604X-32.636N542X-34.674Y-33.419Y16.194Y-15.548N580X-16.194N606G3X-16.194N544G2X-37.Y-32.636Y32.636 R27.999Y-8.66 R38.N582G3X-32.636N608G1X-15.902N546G1Y-37.Y-16.194 R27.999Y33.419N548G0Z50.N584G1X-33.419N610X-15.138N550X-38. Y-38.Y-15.902Y33.761N552Z10.N586X-33.761N612G2X-7.4Y36.252 R37.Y5.N666G3 X

25、-5. R5.N614 G1 X-5.N640 X25.N668 G0 Z50.Y36.742N642G3 Y-5. R5.N670X-3.898N616Y25.N644G1 X36.742Y-5.564N618G3 X5. R5.N646X36.252 Y-7.4N672Z10.N620 G1 Y36.742N648 G2 X33.761N674 G1 Z-5. F180.N622X7.4 Y36.252Y-15.138 R37.N676X4.71 Y3.036N624 G2 X15.138N650 G1 X33.419F500.Y33.761 R37.Y-15.902N678X5.445

26、Y3.436N626 G1 X15.902N652 X32.636N680 X5.46 Y3.636Y33.419Y-16.194N682X4.696 Y4.036N628 X16.194N654 G3 X16.194N684 X4.31 Y4.436Y32.636Y-32.636 R27.999N686X4.003 Y5.636N630G3 X32.636N656G1 X15.902N688X-4.8 Y-3.164Y16.194 R27.999Y-33.419N690X-5.477N632G1 X33.419N658X15.138Y-3.564Y15.902Y-33.761N692X-4.748N634X33.761N660G2 X7.4Y-3.964Y15.138Y-36.252 R37.N694X-4.176N636 G2 X36.252N662 G1 X5.Y-4.564Y7.4 R37.Y-36.742N696X-3.898N638G1 X36.742N664Y-25.Y-5.564N698X-3.