时态宾语从句归纳

1、时态复习资料一般现在时 (经常 ,反复 ,爱好 ,特点 ,条件 ,真理 )do; doesam;is;aredone一般过去时 (过去发生的事 ,不强调现在的结果 )did; -edwas;weredone一般将来时 (将要发生的事 )will dowill be done现在进行时 (现在正在发生的事 )am;is;are doingam;is;arebeing done过去进行时 (当时正在发生的事 )was;were doingwas;werebeing done现在完成时 (过去发生的事 ,强调现在的结果 )have;has donehave;hasbeen done过去完成时 (过去

2、完成的事；过去以前发生的事) had donehad beendone过去将来时 (过去将要发生的事 )would dowould bedone一般现在时1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.关键词：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month),once a week, on Sundays,3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）4.否定形式： am/is/are+not; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词， 则在其前加 don't, 如主语为第

3、三人称单数，则用 doesn't ，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首；用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does ，同时，还原行为动词。二、 一般过去时1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、 行为。12.时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year,night, mon th), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago,once upon a tim

4、e, etc.3.基本结构： be 动词 I was a student last year.行为动词的过去式I finished myhomework yesterday4.否定形式： was/were+not;I was not a student last year.在行为动词前加 didn't ，同时还原行为动词。 I didn nishtfi my homework yesterday5.一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首； Were you a student last year？用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 Didnt they f

5、inish my homework yesterday?三、 现在进行时1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语： now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen3.基本结构： be+doingHe is doing his homework now.4.否定形式： be+not+doing.He is not doing his homework now.5.一般疑问句：把be 动词放于句首。 Is he doing his homework now.四、 过去进行时1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

6、2.时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构s+was/were+doingWhen he knocked at the door, hismother was cooking.4.否定形式： s+was/were + not + doing.When he knocked at the door, hismother was not cooking.5.一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。 (第一个字母大写） Was his mother cooking, when h

7、e knocked at the door?五、现在完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。22.时间状语： yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+ 时间点， for+ 时间段， recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构： have/has + doneThe countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.这个农村在过去的几年里变化了很多4.否定形式：

8、have/has + not +done. The countryside has not changed a lot in the past few years.5.一般疑问句：have 或 has 。Has the countryside changed a lot in the past few years.六、 过去完成时1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即 “过去的过去 ”。2.时间状语： before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.3.基本结构： had + done.As

9、soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.4.否定形式： had + not + done.By the end of last month. We had notreviewed four books.5.一般疑问句：had 放于句首。By the end of last month. Had we reviewed four books.基本结构：主语 +had+ 过去分词 (done)肯定句：主语 +had+ 过去分词 +其他

10、否定句：主语 +had+not+ 过去分词 +其他一般疑问句： Had+ 主语 +过去分词 +其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句七、一般将来时1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ),soon, in a few minutes, by ,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本结构：主语 +am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do.It is going to rain.They will finish wor

11、k tomorrow.4.否定形式： am/is/are not going to do；will/shall not do 。3It is not going to rain.They will not finish work tomorrow.5.一般疑问句： be 放于句首； will/shall 提到句首。Is it going to rain?Will they finish work tomorrow?Yes, they will.No, they won t.八、 过去将来时1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语： the next day(m

12、orning, year),the following month(week),etc.3.基本结构： was/were+going to + do；would/should + do.They told me that they would go to work in Guang dong.4.否定形式： was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.They told me that they would not go to work in Guang dong.5.一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首； would/sh

13、ould提到句首。He said he was going there.Was he going there? 宾语从句歌诀 宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether ， wh-/how 展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether 连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when ，从句的简化记心间。 歌诀解码 一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。如：We knew （ that） we should lea

14、rn from each other.2. 由 if/whether 引导的宾语从句。Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.43. 由 who， where， how 等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office ？二、三关1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句， 引导词用 that（ that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略） ；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用 if/whether ；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑

15、问代词 /副词。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（ that） he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard ？I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave ？ I don t know. I don t know when he left.3. 时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可

16、根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard（ that） he will come back next week.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said（ that） there were no classes yesterday.注意： 如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、 自然现象等时， 不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾

17、语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“ May I use your knife ？” He asked me. He asked me if he might use my knife.“ Do you know her telephone number？” He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk ？I don t know. I don t know who will give us a

18、talk.Do you know ？ Where does he live ？ Do you know where he lives ？四、两副面孔if 和 when 既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow ， I won t come.（时间状语从句）I don t know if it will rain tomorrow.（宾语从句）5五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是 find ，see， watch，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying onthe ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是 hope， wish ， decide，f