非谓语动词高考考点聚焦

1、非谓语动词高考考点聚焦一：非谓语动词包括：1. （表示 ） 2. （表示 ） 3 （表示 ）二：基本构成：to do一般式完成式进行式主动 被动 doing形式主动 被动 done 形式被动 三 解题思路：1. 分析句子结构，确定选项在句子中充当何种成分（定语，宾补，状语，表语等）。2. 找出该动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系，以及该动作的发生时间（已经完成、正在进行、即将发生）。3. 注意某些特殊句式结构的用法。四 基本用法：（一） 做主语 （能够做主语的是 _和_） 1. It is+ adj. / n. (for / of sb. ) to do sth e.g I

2、ts hard for us to finish the work in five days.Its really kind of you to give us a hand. 2. It is no use（no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time） + doing sth. There is no point ( use, sense, good) + doing sth.（二） 做表语 （能够做表语的是： ）1. 分词作表语时相当于形容词，常用的这类动词是关于“喜怒哀乐惊”等。2. 注意区分被动语态和V-ed做表语的情况：e.g The c

3、up is broken. （ ）The cup was broken by Harry. （ ）这些系动词和连系动词后面可以跟非谓语动词形式做表语：be, look, smell, taste, sound , feel, keep, stay , remain, get,e.g (1). Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop. ( 2009四川卷)A seated B seating C to seat D seat(2). In April, thousands of holidaymakers remai

4、ned _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (2010福建卷) A sticking B stuck C to be stuck D to have stuck (三) 做宾语 （能够做宾语的是 _ 和 _）注意区分下列三类动词用法：1. want , would like , would prefer , ask , demand , intend, desire ，wish , hope ,expect agree ,decide , manage , plan , promise happen ,learn , fail , pretend ,

5、 refuse , afford2. feel like, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, excuse, enjoy, finish, imagine, mind, keep, miss, practise, suggest3. remember/forget to do sth. ; remember/forget doing sth; try to do sth., try doing sth.mean to do sth. , mean doing.; cant help to do sth., cant help

6、doing sth; go on to do sth., go on doing sth.; stop to do , stop doing4. need , want, require + _/ _ be worth +_5. do nothing but do sth ; have no choice but to do sth总结：不定式除可用在except, but, besides等介词后作宾语之外，一般不用作介词宾语。此时，不定式能否省略to，取决于其前是否有行为动词do的形式。有则省略，无则不能省略。（四）做定语 （三种形式均可以做定语）位置名词前（前置定语）动名词和分词名词后（

7、后置定语）分词和不定式1. 动名词只能作前置定语，表示用途，不用考虑主被动。a reading room ,2. 分词做前置定语（通常是单个分词），考虑与其逻辑主语的主被动关系。现在分词表示主动, 正在进行；不及物动词的过去分词只表完成；及物动词的过去分词既表完成又表被动。 boiled water , boiling water; a finished project3. 分词短语和to do做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 分词做后置定语时，首先考虑所填动词与其逻辑主语的主被动关系，然后考虑动词所发生的时间。having done/ having been done形式只能在句中做状语；不

8、定式作后置定语表示将要发生的动作。e.g Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _(borrow) from the library. His first book _ (publish) next month is based on a true story. (2010陕西卷)There are only five minutes _。(leave/go).The government plans to bring in new laws _（force）parents to take more responsibility for the

9、 education of their children. (2009 江西卷)4. 特殊用法：（1） 当名词被序数词、最高级或the only 等词修饰时，其后常用to do做后置定语。（2） 用来修饰的词是下列抽象名词时，常用to do 做后置定语：ability, chance, idea, attempt, belief等（3） 当名词是message, letter, news, notice, book , report , sign等时，其后常用say, read 的V-ing做后置定语，表示“主语显示什么内容”的含义。（4） to do主动形式表示被动意义的用法： There

10、be + n + to do . sb / sth + be + adj + to do . 主语 + Vt + 宾语 + to do . 主语 + Vt + 宾语 + to be done . That / This + be + n + to do . 主语+ Vt + 宾语 + adj + to do .（五）做宾语补足语（能够做宾补的有： ）1.感官动词see, look at, watch, find; notice; observe; hear; listen to, feel等后2. have, get, make，let, leave等使役动词后 “have + 宾语 + V-

11、ed” ：表示 表示3. 用在with复合结构中，不定式表示尚未发生的将来动作，现在分词表示主动关系，正在进行，过去分词表示被动关系，完成。e.g The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. (2010山东卷) A laid B laying C to lay D being laid4. sb seems / appears / happenes+ to do的五种形式=sb be said/ believed / known / reported / co

12、nsidered+ to do的五种形式 =（六）做状语（能够做状语的有： ）不定式作状语通常表示目的（置于句首和句中）、原因（置于句中）、结果（置于句中）；分词作状语可表示原因、时间、条件、方式、伴随状态、让步等,但都可以转化成状语从句。1. 模式：1. “_，主句” 该模式只有表目的时用不定式，其他一律用分词。 2. “主句 , _” 该模式只有表意外的结果时用不定式，表自然而然的结果用V-ing。e.g _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.(2010天津卷)A Completing B Having comp

13、leted C To have completed D To complete There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(江西卷)A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered He hurried to the station , (only) _(tell) the train had gone. The news shocked the public, _ to great concern about students safety

14、at school.(2010重庆卷) A having led B led C leading D to lead2. _ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(2010陕西卷) A Seen B Seeing C Having seen D To see _ the city centre, we saw a statue of about 10 metres in height. (2010上海卷) A Approaching B Approached C To appro

15、ach D To be approached The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains. (2010江西卷) A keep B kept C keeping D to keep Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. (2010湖南卷) A struggling B struggled C having struggled D to struggle总结

16、：3. _ and short of breath, Andy and Buby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.(2009浙江卷) A To be tired B Tired C Tiring D Being tired 总结： 形容词(过去分词)做伴随状语。注意分析“形容词或形容词短语在句中做状语”的情况，表示对主语的状态等情况进行说明，在句中位置灵活。是高考考查重点和难点。4. 三种非谓语动词形式的复合结构分别为: 5. 独立主格结构： 名词或代词 + doing / done / to do / adj / adv / 介词短语等 If weather permits, we are going to visit you tomorrow. = 6 状语从句的省略：在时间、条件、原因、让步等状语从句中，如果主从句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词，则可以把从句中的主语和be动词省略,形成“连词(when/if/unless ) + _”的形式。 Though _ to see us, the profe