宝山区2018高三二模(含答案)

1、宝山区2017学年第二学期期末高三年级英语学科教学质量监测试卷n. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the givenword; for the other blanks, us

2、e one word that best fits each blank.How Much of the JetsonsWorld Has Become a Reality?For most of our readers, The Jetsons may be an unfamiliar name. However, for many American born inor before the 1980s, it is a name we fondly remember. The Jetsons was a popular cartoon that featured afamily livin

3、g in an advanced world _21_ people settle in houses built in the sky, work only three days aweek and drive flying cars that resemble flying saucers. While sky-high houses and three- day workweeksdont appear to be on the horizon, other visions of the future _22_（turn）into practical realities.Flying c

4、ars have been on the minds of scientists and inventors for decades. They are part of a typicalimaging of the future fast-paced and luxurious, _23_（allow）us to speed through the skies. As_24_（see）in The Skys No longer the Limit , this flight of fancy may soon be a reality in Dubai. Aiming_25_（become）

5、th e worlds most advanced ciDtyu,bai is currently testing the first-ever flying taxi._26_ money still exists in its current cash-based form in The Jetsons, people today are lookingtoward a world where even cash is out-of-date. Bitcoin is a type of digital money that has taken the world bystorm. Sinc

6、e its introduction, the money（inscpreriacsee）_to_2ra7t_e_s_ashigh as US$ 19,000. This, however, may not predict well for the future of digital currency, as experts warnthat Bitcoin is a bubble and _28_ crash soon. Itossible that somedrseapms ofthe future may still be _29_ _ our reach.Other more prob

7、able technologies already exist, for example, future flying eye hospitals in A Hospitalwith Wings , unusual-engineered folding paper in Clever Folding and the population of endangered corals（珊瑚）in Lab-Bred Coral to the Rescue , etc. All these show_ 30_ humansare already capable of. So, what else cou

8、ld the future have in store for us?Section BDirections:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word tha n you n eed.A. adaptedB. harderC. alter nativesD. featuresE. cooperati on F. questi ons

9、G. accuracyH. capturedI. regardlessJ. oppositeK. an alyz ingComputer reads brain activity to find out the music each person is listening toIn the experime nt, six volun teers heard 40 pieces of classical music, rock, pop, jazz, and others.The Neural(神经的)fingerprint of each song on participantsbrain

10、was _31_ by theMagn etic Resonance(MR)mach ine while a computer was lear ning to ide ntify the brain patter ns draw n out by eachmusical piece. Musical_ 32_ such as tone, volume, rhythm and beat weretake n in acco unt by the computer.After that, researchers expected that the computer would be able t

11、o do the_ 33_way:identify which song participants were listening to, based on their brain activity -a technique known as brain decodi ng. Whenfaced two opti ons, the computer showed up to 85%_ 34_iniden tify ing the correct song, which is a great performa nee, compari ng to previous studies.Research

12、ers then pushed the test even_ 35_by providing not two but 10 options(e.g. onecorrect and nine wrong)to the computer. In this situation, the computer correctly identified the song in 74% of the decisi ons.In the future, studies on brain decoding and machine learning will create possibilities of comm

13、unication 36any kindof written or spoken Ianguage.“Machines will be able totranslate our musical thoughts into songs,”says Sebastian Hoefle, researcher from DOr Institute and PhD student fromFederal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study is a result of a37betwee n Brazilia n researchers and

14、 colleaguesfrom Germa ny, Finland and In dia.According to Hoefle, brain decoding researches provide _38_ to understand neuralfunctioning and in teract with it using artificial in tellige nee. In the future, he experts to find answers for 39like“whatmusical characteristics make some people love a son

15、g whileothers dont? Is our brain_ 40_to prefer a specific kind of music?”川.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in eachblank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Having a clear pict

16、ure in mind of what their future will look like can motivate students to keep going despite thechallenges of college life. This _41_ seems to be particularly effective for female students from relatively lowsocioeconomic status(SES)backgrounds says Mesmin Destin of Northwestern University in the US.

17、 College is a time ofgreat opportunity for some, but can be _42_ for others. It is often the first time that many students are away from theregular and familiar support of their family and friends. Weak students from lower SES backgrounds often encounter greaterfinancial and psychological challenges

18、 than others, and this can lead to _43_ and even withdrawal from difficultsituations, such as when interacting with their lecturers or taking tests and exams.Destin and his colleagues wanted to understand if students_44_ to academic challenges improve when they lookforward to the future. This idea i

19、s built around the theory of identity-based motivation. It holds that people can take positiveaction during times of unfavorable conditions when they _45_ a successful future for themselves.“The theory of identity-based motivation proposes that stimulating a focus on a successful future identity may

20、 beespecially _46_ in motivating students who are weak during challenging academic situations to develop a sense ofaction readiness,”explains Destin. This involves feeling ready and able to take appropriate action when _47_ difficulty.In two almost identical laboratory experimentsone involving 93 fe

21、male students, the other 185 students(including 101women)- participants were first asked either to write about their past or their future _48_. After their deep thoughts, theparticipants were filmed during an limited interview with a so-called lecturer, and then had to _49_ a difficult academictest.

22、 The research team noted whether participantsbody language was bold and confident, and measured the amount ofeffort participants_50_ the academic test.The results were in agreeme nt with the theory of ide ntity-based motivati on. Dest in and histeam found that having a successful future identity can

23、 prevent especially female students from lower SES backgrounds from_51_ during challenging academic situations. Specially, lower SES women who wrote about their future identitiesdisplayed greater action _52_ compared to those who considered their past. They showed more confident bodylanguage. It hel

24、ped them to make more effort to tackle the test, and had an indirect effect on their _53_.“Simulating imagined successful future identities appears to provide a _54_ pathway to enable weak students toeffectively navigate everyday stressors,”says Destin.“The findings _55_ suggest that certain student

25、s may benefitfrom strategies that remind them to image their successful futures before any difficult and important task that they mightotherwise be likelyto avoid.41. A. instructionB. strategyC. challengeD. psychology42. A. disgracefulB. shamefulC. harmfulD. stressful43. A. hesitationB. intentionC.

26、depressionD. decision44. A. willingnessB. optionsC. responsesD. applications45. A. destroyB. imagineC. abandonD. substitute46. A. powerfulB. uprightC. uniqueD. ambitious47. A. avoidingB. overcomingC. surrenderingD. encountering48. A. experienceB. sufferingC. successD. failure49. A. designB. complete

27、C. commentD. revise50. A. put awayB. put onC. put outD. put into51. A. withdrawingB. transformingC. advancingD. engaging52. A. quantityB. dullnessC. readinessD. inability53. A. fascinationB. ignoranceC. dilemmaD. performance54. A. tolerableB. potentialC. straightD. academic55. A. thereforeB. however

28、C. otherwiseD. meanwhileSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the informationgiven in the passage you have

29、 just read.（A）I believe in getting lost. Lost in the text of the novel that is particular to your thoughts and feelings that you considerspecial. The song that reminds you of your childhood summers, whereyou close your eyes and lose yourself reliving a memory; feeling the warm wind brushing against

30、your arm, the smell of thedusty sand that you stir up as you ride your bicycle, murmuring the tune of that song. Like the unprepared Sunday Drive, withno destination. Youre free to wander, takpaths that youve never noticed, discover places you havent been. Then falling off on the path tolead you bac

31、k home, leaving you to test directions and alertly absorb your surroundings in order to find your way back; thatkind of lost.I get lost daily, whether its in thought, or the unplanned drive I just decided to go on. Gettinglost is an adventurous learning experience that trains you how to be more awar

32、e of your surroundings. A few of my mostfavorite memories involve physically getting lost. That one late night trip back to Ludington from Grand Rapids I took with afew friends. We finally realized we were going the wrong way when we hit South Haven, almost three hours out of our way.There was also

33、the time where I got lost in the De V os Place in Grand Rapids after the Presidents Balland then the parking garage for a solid two hours. I felt like my life was that one scene of an American television situationcomedy, minus the air conditioner. At the time, these are nervous experiences that get

34、your anxiety pumping. Yourefearful that you wont be safe, but it alwaysworks itself out in the end. Physically losing yourself prepares you for how you manage when you emotionally or mentallylose yourself.You dont always have to be lost in a literal sense to“get lost”and some of the time, losing you

35、rself may not be apositive experience. There are times where I lose sight of who I am. While lost, I test our metaphorical paths and sometimesthey turn out to be the right direction and other times they were a wrong turn. I make note of these wrong turns, so I can avoidthem further on up the road of

36、 finding my way back to who I am.In Walden, Henry David Thoreau wrote“Not till we are lost, in other words not till we have lost the world, do we beginto find ourselves, and realize where we are and the infinite extent of our relations.”Getting lost fuels my curiosity andteaches me lessons on findin

37、g my way back to the right track. I believe in getting lost through day dreams, a misplacement,adventures, and difficult times where you make discoveries about yourself and the atmosphere around you. In order to trulyfind yourself, I believe that you should put down the map and get wonderfully lost.

38、56. In the first paragraph, the author mainly expresses that _.A. lost in a novel is a special feelingB. songs remind us of past experiencesC. wandering is a wonderful discoveryD. getting lost brings us benefits57. The author mentions the experiences of physically getting lost(in paragraph 2)in orde

39、r to sayA. physically gett ing lost is most difficult to deal withB. we can enjoy trips while physically getting lostC. people are easy to get physically lost in our daily lifeD. we realize our surro undings while physically gett ing lost58. Words from Henry David Thoreau(in the last paragraph)imply

40、 that getting lost_A. en ables us to look with in and to see outwardB. pulls people back into the previous mome ntC. en ables us to remind ourselves of adve nturesD. helps us enjoy ourselves wherever we are59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. I Once Was LostB. Won der

41、fully LostC. Physically Getti ng LostD. Men tally Getti ng Lost(B)Two in three America ns shower once a day or more, accord ing to a YouGov poll. Hereyou might be better off showering less frequently(and here are other ways you might be showering wrong) Daily showers arv best for people with phyuca

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45、to three or 妙.partoflheAlle Z 晌曲网号鳥 four 亦皿 a eck from secn (per 呻爪：；：science河 To make 唤 to 加心诚曲kam讪飙kjhovsc.60. What sthe whole passage mainly about?A. Reas ons you can probably get away with showeri ng less.B. Advice you can take on how to shower more and better.C. Harmful effects made on you thro

46、ugh showeri ng less.D. Ben efits you can get from showeri ng on a daily basis.61. This passage provides us with the follow ing further detailed in formati on_Except.A. the best time of day to showerB. the proper temperature for your showerC. the other ways you shower wrongD. the other ways to cut yo

47、ur water bill62. Which of the follow ing is Not a reas on why you should shower less?A. Showering gets rid of good bacteria.B. Youre absolutely as dirty as you think.C. Towel drying causes damage to your skin.a nun1And thEit could make a decent cut in saysis the best time_)fday IA. get facts and mor

48、al values mixed upB. misunderstand social mechanismsD. You only really need to wash your smelly parts.Social norms of right and wrong are vital to a well-functioning society. However, such moralstandards are changeable and the psychological mechanisms（机制）driving this change are unknown.Now, research

49、ers at Karolinska Institutet report that our view of selfish and unselfish behaviors changesdepending on how common they are.The results are based on a combination of behavioral experiments, mathematical models andcomputer simulations. In the experiments, the p articipants first observed other peopl

50、e in a so-called“public goods game,”in which players receive a sum of money and then choose either to invest it tovarying degrees so that it benefits everyone in the group, or to keep it for themselves. After every round,the participants were asked to judge the different choices as morally right or

51、wrong, and whether thechoices ought to be punished with a reduction in how much the players gained.Unselfish behavior was considered more morally right than selfish, but both behaviors were judgedto be more moral and less deserving of punishment if the majority exhibited them than if they wereuncomm

52、on. The commonness of the selfish behavior also affected the participants willingness tothemselves pay to punish selfishness.“Tolerance of selfish behavior increased when the majority of the players kept the money forthemselves, which surprised me,”says principal investigator Andreas Olsson, senior

53、lecturer atKarolinska Institutets Department of CeliunriocascliNence.“The fact that a behavior iscommondoes nt automatically mean that itthiiseOgist base-on faulty logic that con fuses factswith moral values.”The study shows our view of what is morally right and wrong has strong similarities with so

54、cialcomformity, in that we tend to adapt ourselves to the people around us and how they behave. Thismeans that changes in our social environment can quickly alter our moral compass.“This is interesting from several angles, and could explain why moral attitudes change over time,such as those towards

55、public goods or legality,”says Bjorn Lindstrom, postdoc at University of Zurichand Karolinska Institutets Department of ClinicacleN.euroscien63. According to Andreas Olssons analysis, if people accept selfish behavior, they actuallys behaviorD. con sider it correct and reas on able64. It can be conc

56、luded that the participants in the experiments are punished if_ .A. they cant plpyblic goods game”B. in vest the money to ben efit group membersC. they behave differe ntly from the majorityD. they keep the money for themselves65. Accord ing to the passage, what is morally right or wrong is shaped by

57、 the followi ngExceptA. the way people around us behaveB. cha nges in our social en vir onmentC. pers onal sta ndards of values and attitudesD. how widespread a particular behavior is66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The psychological mecha ni sms beh ind attitude

58、cha ngeB. Behavior is con sidered more moral the more com mon it isC. Our view of selfish and unselfish behaviorsD. Moral sta ndards of selfish and un selfish behaviorsSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentences canonly be used once. Note that

59、 there are two sentences more tha n you n eed.A. They thus focused on two eleme nts that are typical for con temporary work environmen ts.B. The researchers used on li ne questi onn aires to obta in data.C. The notion that obtaining external feedback about oneidea is essential for increasing creativ

60、ity isdeeply rooted in society.D. The most importa nt in that: whe n an orga ni zati on stimulates feedback seek in g, it n eeds toen sure that this work environmen t is excelle nt eno ugh to use the ben efits of feedback.C. follow the logic of their ownE. The questi on, however, is whether these ben eficia